Confucius- 孔子.ppt

Confucius,January25,2016,EALC275,1,ConfucianismToday,2,RepressionofConfucianism,3,ResurgenceinChina,4,5,TheZhouDynasty,WesternZhouEasternZhou(1046-771BC)(771-221),6,EasternZhou,SpringandAutumnPeriod771-476BCWarringStatesPeriod475-221BC,7,Timeline,8,ConfuciusWorld-theSpringandAutumnPeriod(771-476),DiminishingpoweroftheZhouGrowingnumberofindependentstatesWeakkingsPowerinhandsofdukesConstantwarfare/instabilityInnovationHundredSchoolsofThoughtMovementawayfromtradition,9,Confucius,KongZi/KongQiu(551-479BC)BorninLu-smallstateAwanderingsocialelite,teacher,andadvisor,10,ConfuciusVision,Tobringordertotheland-personalintegrity-harmonioussociety-goodgovernanceRestorethingstothewayoftheWesternZhou,11,TheAnalects论语,Lunyu,literally“thesayings”FragmentedconversationsRecordedbyhisdisciplesafterConfuciusdeathWritteninclassicalChineseNon-vernacular,12,KeyConcepts,Humanrelationships/societalorder/government正名zhengming-Rectifyingnames君子junzi-“gentleman,”nobleman仁ren-benevolence,humanity,goodness礼li-Properbehavior/ritual孝xiao-filialpiety,13,MakingOrder:aninterconnectedchain,IndividualFamilySocietyCountry,IndividualFamilySocietyCountry,14,HumanRelationships,FiveRelationships:RulerandSubjectFatherandSonHusbandandWifeElderbrotherandYoungerbrotherFriendandFriendHierarchicalANDReciprocalMandateofHeaven,15,SocialRoles,DukeChingofChiaskedConfuciusaboutgovernment.Confuciusanswered,“Lettherulerbearuler,thesubjectasubject,thefatherafather,thesonason.”TheDukesaid,“Splendid!Truly,iftherulerbenotaruler,thesubjectnotasubject,thefathernotafather,thesonnotason,theneveniftherebegrain,wouldIgettoeatit?”-XII.11(p.5),16,Rectificationofnames,“Ifthenamesarenotcorrect,iftheydonotmatchrealities,languagehasnoobject.Iflanguageiswithoutanobject,actionbecomesimpossibleandtherefore,allhumanaffairsdisintegrateandtheirmanagementbecomespointlessandimpossible.”XIII.3Importanceoflanguage,17,Junzi(君子),Gentleman,ConfuciusidealpersonFullymoralEducatedSeeksthegoodofothers,18,KeyVirtues,仁ren:benevolence,goodness,humanity“Donotimposeonotherswhatyouyourselfdonotdesire”XII.2(p.5)Necessaryforgovernmentstreatmentofpeople,19,KeyVirtues,孝xiao:filialpiety;respectforparents,20,Li(礼),properbehavior/ritual,EncompassesmanymeaningsetiquetteRituals/ceremoniesProprietyOutwardandinward,21,LiinGovernance,ImportanceofliforrulersSymbolismHarmonywithHeavenPromotescommonstandards/cultureeducation,22,TheJunzisinfluence,TheMasterwantedtosettleamongsttheNineBarbarianTribesoftheeast.Someonesaid,“Butcouldyouputupwiththeiruncouthways?”TheMastersaid,“Onceagentlemansettlesamongstthem,whatuncouthnesswilltherebe?”-IX.14(p.4),23,Ongovernment,Thegovernmentshouldbeguidedbyjunzi.Withgoodexample,rituals,andeducation,peoplewillactproperly.,24,RuleofVirtue,Thevirtueofthegentlemanislikethewindandthevirtueofcommonpeopleislikethegrasses:whenthewindblowsoverthegrasses,theywillsurelybend.”-XII.19(p.5)TheMasterSaid,“TheruleofvirtuecanbecomparedtothePoleStarwhichcommandsthehomageofthemultitudeofstarswithoutleavingitsplace.”II.1(p.2),25,RuleofLawvRuleofVirtue,TheMastersaid,“Guidethembyedicts,keeptheminlinewithpunishments,andthecommonpeoplewillstayoutoftroublebutwillhavenosenseofshame.,Guidethembyvirtue,keeptheminlinewiththerites,andtheywill,besideshavingasenseofshame,reformthemselves.”II.3(p.2),26,IsConfucianismareligion?,MandateofHeaven“TheMasternevertalkedof:miracles;violence;disorders;spirits.”BookVII,21“Tokeeponesdistancefromthegodsandspiritswhileshowingthemreverencecanbecalledwisdom.”BookVI,22(p.3)“JiLuaskedaboutservingthespirits.TheMastersaid,“Whileyouareyetnotabletoservemen,howcouldyoubeabletoservethespirits?”“MayIaskaboutdeath?”“