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.,1,雅思小作文,.,2,目录,小作文基本信息,字数:150字时间:17-20分钟为宜分值比重:占了作文分数的1/3类型:图表类作文,小作文类型,线形图:linegraph柱状图:barchart饼图:piechart表格:table流程图:flowchart地图:map,linegraph,linegraph,barchart,barchart,piechart,piechart,table,table,flowchart,map,主流题型,线形图柱状图饼图表格,主流图形分类,把上述4种图形可以总的分为2种:1动态趋势图2静态数据图区分标准:1动态趋势图:多时间,上升下降,做纵向比较2静态数据图:单时间,多和少,做横向比较,动态图中的线形图,上升(v),increaserisegoupgrowjumpclimb,下降(v),decreasedeclinegodownfalldrop,修饰上升下降(v)的变化幅度词(adv),轻微地slowlyslightlymarginally,变化幅度词(adv),平缓地steadilysmoothlygraduallymoderately,变化幅度词(adv),剧烈地significantlysharplydramaticallydrasticallysteeplysurprisinglystrikinglyhugely,几个特殊动词,increasesignificantly=soarrocketsurge,上升(n),increaserisegrowth,下降(n),decreasedeclinefalldrop,修饰上升下降(n)的变化幅度词(adj),把刚才变化幅度词(adv)去掉ly,就成了形容词,除了下面三个词:dramatically-dramaticdrastically-drasticsteadily-steady,到达顶点,reachthepeakpeak(v)注:达到底点reachthebottom,波动性下降,sthhave/showadownwardtrendsthdecreasewith(minor)fluctuations注:波动性上升sthhave/showanupwardtrendsthincreasewith(minor)fluctuations,保持不变,keep/remain+unchangedstablesteadyconstant,带数据的介词,带数据的介词,从到fromtoeg:Thesalesofthecomputersincreasedslightlyfrom500to700.,带数据的介词,表示“了”by比如:电脑销量轻微地上升了200台。Thesalesofcomputersincreasedslightlyby200.,带数据的介词,表示某个时间点稳定的数据atstandat比如:1990年的时候电脑的销量是500台。Thesalesofcomputerswere/stoodat500in1990.比如:电脑的销量在2005年的时候以2100台的水平达到了顶点。Thesalesofthecomputersreachedthepeakat2100in1990.,时间的表达,时间的表达,1在某个时间点in+年或月in2010intheyearof2010inAuguston+日on1stat+小时at10pm,时间的表达,2从一个时间到另一个时间如:从1990年到1997年from1990to1997,时间的表达,3在一个时间和另一个时间之间如:在1990年到1997年之间between1990and1997,时间的表达,4在某段之间里如:在1990年到1997年的7年之间during/over/throughout7-yearperiodbetween1990and1997during/over/throughout7-yearperiodfrom1990to1997,时间的表达,5自从since直到until,动态图中必用的三大句型,1主题+变化(v)+变化幅度(adv)+数据+时间2Therebe+a+变化幅度(adj)+变化(n)+in+主题+数据+时间3时间+see/experience/witness/undergo+a+变化幅度(adj)+变化(n)+in+主题+数据注:第三种句型也可以用主题做主语,第一部分,Thesalesofthecomputersincreasedslowlyfromabout600to900between2001and2002.Therewasamarginalgrowthinthesalesofthecomputersfrom600in2001to900in2002.,第二部分,Thesalesofthecomputersrosesteadilyby500inthefollowingyear.Thefollowingyearsaw/witnessed/experiencedasteadyincreaseto1400.,第三部分,Thesalesofcomputerswentupdramaticallysince2003,reachingthepeakat4000in2005.Thesalesofcomputersincreasedsteeplytothepeakat4000in2005.,第四部分,Thesalesofcomputersshowedadownwardtrend,decreasingto3000in2007.Therewasadownwardtrendinthesalesofcomputersduringthefollowingtwoyears,whichdecreasedto3000in2007.,第五部分,Thesalesofthecomputersremainedsteadyat3000in2008.,第六部分,Thesalesofcomputersdeclineddramaticallyto1800in2009.,全段,Therewasaslightgrowthinthesalesofcomputersfrom600to900between2001and2002,andtheyincreasedgraduallyto1400inthefollowingyear.Thentheyrosedramaticallytothepeakat4000in2005.Afterthattherewasadownwardtrendinthesales,whichdecreasedto3000in2007.Beforetheydecreasedsharplyto1800in2009,theyremainedconstantat3000.,动态图中起点的写法,第一种:直接带过法Therewasaslightgrowthinthesalesofcomputersfrom600to900between2001and2002,andtheyincreasedmarginallyto1400inthefollowingyear.,动态图中起点的写法,第二种:起点单独介绍如果起点单独介绍又可以用2种手段a:用介词at带数据法b:用直接带数据法,a:用介词at带数据法写起点,Thesalesofcomputersstood/wereat600intheyearof2001.Beefwasmostpopularintheyearof1979,foritsconsumptionwasat200gramsperpersonperweek.,b:用直接带数据法,In2001,600computersweresoldinthatshop.About7milliontonnesofCFC-11wereproducedintheyearof1980.注:2种单独写起点的手法,后面可以直接跟上which从句,写顶点的方法,第一种方法:用分词的方法Thesalesofcomputerswentupdramaticallysince2003,reachingthepeakat4000in2005.第二种方法:用which从句形式Thesalesofcomputerswentupdramaticallysince2003,whichreachedthepeakat4000in2005.第三种方法:直接法Thesalesofcomputersincreasedsteeplytothepeakat4000in2005.,呈现出向上或向下趋势,用了show/haveadownwardtrend这个句型后发现数据比较难带,可以采用以下的办法:Thesalesofthecomputersshowedadownwardtrend,decreasing/whichdecreasedfromXXtoXX.,带数据方法的总结,1介词带数据法2直接带数据法3从句带数据法4分词带数据法5括号带数据法,动态小作文开头段,Thelinegraph/barchartshows/illustrates/demonstrates/reveals/describethechanges/trendsin+数据表现形式+数据表达对象+地点+时间。,ThegraphbelowshowstheconsumptionoffishandsomedifferentkindsofmeatinaEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004,静态图形的写作,其实要写好静态图的一个关键步骤是如何加工数据。如果数据加工不好,会产生两个比较严重的问题,一是字数不够,二是感觉文章是数字的罗列。,加工数据的方法,数据加工一般可以有三种方法1描写数据本身所传达给你的最直观信息2进行各个项目之间的横向比较,这个是最重要的3对数据进行一个模糊化表达,横向比较的方法,所谓横向比较,就是两个或者多个不同事物在同一时间或者同一范围内的比较。在静态图的写作中极其重要。一般我们会有以下的8种方式进行横向比较。,第一种,thepopularityofdifferentcarcolor,第一种,1Themostpopularcarcoloriswhite.在此基础上,我们可以用小括号带数据,定语从句,或者分词带入数据。Themostpopularcoloriswhite,1whichaccountsfor56%2accountingfor56%3(56%),第一种,2在主系表结构中,还可以把主语和表语互换。Whiteisthemostpopularcarcolor.3Thehighestpercentageofthepopularityofcarcoloriswhite.greatestproportionlargest4Whitehasthelargestpercentageofallcarcolors.5Whitehas56%ofallthecarcolor,第二种,图中红色所占百分比仅此于白色,所以我们也可以说:AsignificantpercentageofcarcolorisredRedissubstantially/considerably/significantly/much/farmorecommonthanblue.如果表示只多一点点,那么可以说:Sthisalittlemorecommonthatsth.,第三种,从数据的比较中,还可以考虑用分数的表达方式:Redhasalmostathirdofthetotalnumberofdifferentcarcolors.SchoolAhasalmostaquarterstudentsasschoolB.ThereisaquarterasmanystudentsinschoolAasinschoolB.,第四种,与分词相类似的是倍数1Whiteisabouttwiceascommonasred.2ThenumberofstudentsinschoolAistwiceasmanyasthatinschoolB.,第五种,有时候比较的数量比较多,可以将其排序,尤其可用于饼图和表格图中。Aislargest,followedbyB.Ccomesnext.Dranksfourth.Etakesthefifthposition.Flieslast.,第六种,两个被比较对象如果数量相同,也值得描述1AandBbothhad10%.2AisexactlythesamepopularasB.3Aissameinsize/popularitywithB.,第七种,两个比较数据数量接近,也要考虑1SchoolAhasalmost/nearlyasmanystudentsasschoolB.2SchoolAhasalmostthesamenumberofstudentsasschoolB.3ThenumberofstudentsinschoolAissimilarwiththatinschoolB.4SchoolAcomeclosetoschoolBinthenumberofstudents.,第八种,要是比较对象相差很悬殊的话Thegreatestdifferenceisfoundinsp,whereA,B,ThemaindifferencebetweenAandBisthat,Thepiechartshowsthetotalmeatsold.,Ascanbeseeninthepiechart,chicken,whichmakesup40%,isthemostpopularamongthetotalmeatsold,thennextisporkanditoccupies20%,followedbythebeef,constituting18%;andfinallycomelamb,fishandothers,at15%,5%and2%respectively.,表格,Thetableshowsthefemaleworkforceandmanagersin5countries.,Thetableliststhepercentageofthetotalworkforceandthepercentageofmanagerswhoarewomeninfivecountries.TheUniteStateshasaroughlygender-balancedworkforce:womenmakeupabouthalfthecountrysworkingpopulation(46%).WomeninAustraliaandJapanhavesimilarshareofthecountryslaborforce(42%and41%respectively).NextcomesSriLankawith37%ofallworkersbeingwomen.Finally,Egyptiswherethemoststrikinggenderdifferenceisfound:thereisonlyonewomenforeveryfourmenintheworkplace.,Turningtoemploymentatmanagementlevels,theUnitedStatesandAustraliahaveasimilarpercentageofmanagerswhoarewomen(43%and41%respectively),whichisonlyslightlylowerthanthecorrespondingpercentageofwomenintheoverallworkforce.However,managerialpositionsintheotherthreecountriesarepredominantlyoccupiedbymen,aswomenconstitutesonly12%ofallmanagersinbothEgyptandJapan,andonly9%inSriLanka,动静结合图,动静结合,ThechartsbelowgiveinformationaboutUSAmarriageanddivorceratesbetween1970and2000,andthemaritalstatusofadultsAmericansintwooftheyears.,NumerofmarriagesanddivorceintheUSA1970-2000,MaritalstatusofadultAmericans,1970and2000,IntermsofthemaritalstatusofadultsinAmerica,itcanbeseenthatthemajorityofAmericansweremarried,forthepercentagein1970washighest,accountingfor70%.Comparedwiththatofmarriedadults,thepercentageofwidowedadultswasconsiderablylower,at8%.Butthepercentageofbothmaritalstatusshowedadownwardtrendinthefollowing30years,decreasingto59%and6%in2000.,Whileabout15%ofadultsnevermarriedandonlyatinyshareofadultsdivorced(2%)in1970.andthefiguesincreasedgraduallyto20%and8%respectivelyintheyearof2000.,流程图,流程图注意事项:1时态为一般现在时态2尽可能多使用被动语态,以显示客观和正式3分清楚图中基本上分几个步骤,把箭头变成相应的动词4多使用表示顺序的连接词5如有可能,多使用表示被动的分词,来代替被动语态,流程图,流程图开头的写法Thediagramshowstheproductionofsth,andthewholeprocedurecanbedividedinto(howmany)stages.Itworksasfollows.Thefollowingpictureshowsthestructureofsth,anditmainlyconsistof(howmany)parts.,流程图,表示时间顺序的连词:首先inthefirststagethefirststageistodosththefirststageinvolvessthtobeginwith,流程图,表示时间顺序的连词:其次afterthisinthefollowingstagethesecondstageistodosth,流程图,表示时间顺序的连词:最后eventuallyinthelaststage,流程图1,Thediagrambelowshowthelifecycleofthissilkwormandthestagesintheproductionofsilkcloth.,流程图1,范文1,Thefirstdiagramshowsthattherearefourmainstagesinthelifeofthesilkworth.Firstofall,eggesareproducedbythemothandittakestendaysforeacheggtobecomeasilkwormlarvathatfeedsonmulberryleaves.Thisstagelastsforuptosixweeksuntilthelarvaproducesacocoonofsilkthreadarounditself.Afteraperiodofaboutthreeweeks,theadultmothseventuallyemergefromthesecocoonsandthelifecyclebeginsagain.,范文1,Thecocoonsaretherawmaterialusedfortheproductionofsilkcloth.Onceselected,theyareboiledinwaterandthethreadscanbeseperatedintheunwindingstage.Eachthreadisbetween300and900meterslong,whichmeanstheycanbetwistedtogether,dyedandthenusedtoproduceclothintheweavingstage.Overall,thediagramsshowthatthecocconstageofthesilkwormcanbeusedtoproducesilkcloththroughaverysimpleprocess.,流程图2,Thediagrambelowshowshowtorecycleorganicwastetoproducegardenfertilizer.,范文2,Thisseriesoffivediagramsshowshowthreekindsoforganicwastesareturnedintoachemicalmixtureorfertilizertobeusedforgardenplants.Aplasticcontainer,twocubicmetersinvolume,storesthesewastes.Onitsfourswallsarethreetiresofventsforaircominginandgoingout.Wastefoodliesatthebottomofthecontainerandpilesupto15cminheight.Onitstopisgrasswhichisalso15cminthickness.Thenshreddednewspaperarespreadover.,范文2,Nitrogenispouredin.Waterisneededonlywhenitishotinweather.Withthecovertightlyclosedonthecontainer,thedecompositionprocessoftheseorganicwastesisstartingundertheeffectofheatandvaporbeginsemittingout,too.Thebiogasarisescontinuouslyfromthepileofwastesandreleasesout.Aftersixmonthsoffermentationallthewastesarefinallyconvertedintofertilizer.Thisillustratesachainofchemicalreactionsthancanbetransformwhatarethewastestosomethinguseful,evenvaluable.,流程图3,Theflowchartbelowshowsthethreestagesofglassbottlerecycling.,范文3,Thisdiagramillustratestherecyclingprocessofglassbottles.Thewholeprocessisacyclewhichcanbedividedintothreemainstages.Inthefirststage,usedbottlesarecollectedatarecyclingpointreadytobetransportedbyatruck.Thesecondstagefirsttakesplaceinacleaningplant,wheretheserecycledbottlesaresortedbycolorintogreen,brownandclearones,andwashedbyhighpressurisedwater.Whenthiscleanprocessfinishes,thebottlesaretransportedtoaglassfactorywheretheyarecutintopieceswhicharethenpouredintoafurnace.Afterbeingheatedinthefurnace,themoltenglass,mixedwithaddedglassliquidfromothersources,flowsintoaglassmold.Aftertheremoldingprocessanewbottleemerges.,范文3,Inthefinalstage,new,emptybottlesarefilledwithliquid,packedanddespatchedtothesupermarketreadytobepickedbyconsumers.Atthispoint,acyclehasbeencompletedandanewcyclewillbegin.,地图,地图要注意是否有指南针,要是没有就按照上北下南,左西右东。,地图1,ThediagramsbelowshowthedevelopmentofthevillageofKelsbeybetween1780and2000.,范文1,ThethreediagramsillustratewhatthevillageofKelsbeylookedlikein1780,1860and2000.In1780,Kelsbeyhadonly100homes.Butithadalargeexpanseofwoodsintheeasternpartofthevillageandfourplotsoffarmlandinthemiddle,Inthewesttherewasariverrunningfromnorthtosouth.Theyear1860sawadoublingofthenumberofhomes.Butthesizeoffarmlandandwoodswasreducedbyhalf.Inthesameyear,abridgecouldbeseenovertheriverandaroadwasconstructedlinkingtherivertotheresidences.140yearslater,thenumberofhomesmorethandoubledto500,butfarmsandwoodscompletelydisappeared.Severalschoolbuildingsandsportsfacilitieswereconstructedatt
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