新视界大学英语综合教程2第2单元答案及译文ppt课件

,SportinAncientGreeceandChina,Warmingup,1.Matchthewordsintheboxestomakephrases.,Warmingup,jumpacrossariver;fightwithoutweapons;driveasportscar;climbhills;throwstones;rideahorse;runamarathon;swimunderwater;,Answer:,Warmingup,Fightingwithoutweaponsisadescriptionofkungfu(功夫),judo(柔道),karate(空手道),taekwondo(跆拳道)andothermartialarts,whicharealsoconsideredtobesportsnowadays.Horse-riding(马术)isintheOlympicGames.Running,includingmarathonrunning,isdefinitelyasport.Peoplegounderwaterswimming(潜泳)onholidayasasportsactivity.AndIthinkIwouldconsiderhillclimbing(登山)asporttoo.,1.Whicharesports,inyouropinion?,WorkinpairsanddiscussthequestionsaboutthephrasesinActivity1.,Warmingup,Jumpingoverriversisnotasportsactivity.Ithinkyouwouldonlydoitifitwasaverysmallriverandtherewasnobridge.Drivingasportscarhasasortofsportysideinit,butusuallyismorelikefashionwearingdesignerclothesanddrivingasportscar.Stonethrowingmightbeagamesometimesforchildrenbutitisnotsomethingadultswouldnormallydo.Asportisaphysicalactivitypeopledoforpleasure,andasIsaidthesethreedonotfitthatdefinition.,2.Whicharenotsports,inyouropinion,andwhy?,Warmingup,Iregularlydomartialartsexercises.Ilikegoinghillwalkingandgoeverysummerholiday.IhaveswumunderwateronavisittoHainan.Ioftenplantorunamarathonbutneverfindtimetotrain.Ihaveneverhadanopportunitytogohorse-riding.,3.Whichhaveyoudone,andwhen?,Warmingup,Ilovehorse-riding.ThehorsesIhaveriddenbecomemyfriends.Swimmingunderwater,ifyoudoitintherightplace,takesyouintoanotherworldofwonderfulsights,andhillclimbinginthecompanyoffriendsisanescapefromthenoisycityandverygoodforyourhealth.,4.Whichdoyoulikedoing?,Warmingup,IdontthinkIwouldeverrunamarathonImeanitisaverylongway.IfindrunningratherboringandIdoubtifIwilleverbefitenoughtoeventhinkaboutit.,5.Whichwouldyouneverdo,andwhy?,Warmingup,Workinpairsanddiscussasportyouhaveneverdone,butwouldliketotry.,A:Ihopeyouwontlaughatme,butIwouldlovetodosomemotorracing(汽车比赛).IknowIseemaquietbookishtype,butIlovewatchingmotorracesandenjoymotor-racingcomputergames.Todriveoneofthosecarsinrealitywouldbegreat.B:Well,youdosurpriseme.Youcertainlydonotseemtobethetypetowanttodrivesofast.Butisntitdangerous?,Warmingup,A:Yes,mostdrivershaveafewseriousaccidentsintheircareer.Itscrazy,butsomehowthatispartoftheexcitement.B:Well,yes,modernlivesareratherdullandroutinesowelikesomeextraexcitement,butIthinkyoushouldcontinuetogetitfromracinggamesandnotactualraces.A:Dontworry,itwillneverhappen.Noonewouldletmegetbehindthewheelofoneofthoseexpensiveracingcars!Anyway,letstalkaboutyounow.,Warmingup,Lookatthetitleofthepassageanddecidewhetherthepassagewillfocusonsimilaritiesordifferences.Check()theactivitiesyouexpecttoreadabout.,1running2shooting3jumping4throwing5dancing6swimming7horseracingAnswer:Allarementioned.,Warmingup,Watchthevideoclipandanswerthequestions.,1.Whenthereisnochanceofwinning,whatwillmakeyouahero?,2.Takebasketballasanexample,howdoessportimproveourbodyandmind?,Skimming,Browsethepassagewithin8minutestogetaroughideaaboutit.AnswerthequestionsofActivity2and3onpage29.,Task,Check()thetruestatements.,1TheChinesemayhaveknownabouttheOlympicGamesinancienttimes.2Theneedforsportispresentinallsocieties.3InancientGreecepeoplepreferredsporttofighting.,Skimming,4Sportcanreplaceconflict.5Sportisahumaninvention.6SportinancientChinawassimilartosportinancientGreece.7EducationinancientChinawastotallydifferentfromeducationinancientGreece.8SportwaspartofmilitarytraininginancientChinaandancientGreece.9ModernChinahasnothingincommonwithmodernGreece.,Thetruestatementsare1,2,6and8.Statement6isthemainideaofthepassage.,Nowdecidewhichofthestatementsisthemainideaofthepassage.,Skimming,Answerthequestions.,1HowdidtheOlympicGamesbegin?,TheOlympicGameswereafour-yearlyrestfromfightingamongancientGreekcity-states.Insteadoffighting,themenwouldcompeteinracesandathleticevents.,2Whydidpeopleinancienttimesneedsport?,Becausesportcreatesgreaterphysicalstrength,whichcanbeusedinmanyways,andsportisawayofkeepingfit.,Skimming,3Whichskillsimprovedpeopleschancesofgettingfood?,Running,swimming,jumpingandthrowing.,4WhatdidOdysseusandHouYihaveincommon?,Theybothusedabowandarrows,andwereskilfulatshooting.,Skimming,5WhatdidPlatoandConfuciushaveincommon?,Theybothbelievedphysicaltrainingandexercisewereanimportantpartofeducationfortheyoung.,6HowdidtheSixNobleArtsbenefitpupils?,Theyledtoabalancededucationpayingattentiontothemoral,physicalandintellectualdevelopmentofthepupils,makingthemgood,strongandknowledgeable.,Skimming,7WhyisthewordgymnasiumacommonWesterntermforaschool?,Theuseofthewordstressesthebroadviewofeducationasconsistingofalotmorethanjustbookstudy.,SportinancientGreeceandChina1WhatdoGreeceandChinahaveincommonwitheachother,inbothancientandmoderntimes?Thetwonationsareseparatedbynearly8,000kilometresofmountainsanddesert,andinthepast,therewerenorelationsandhardlyanycommunicationbetweenthem.Yetbothbearcomparisonwitheachotherintheroleofsportintheirsocieties.,译文,MP3,Digging,2Itistruethatintheancientperiod,theSilkRoadservedasachanneloftradeandculturalexchangebetweentheEastandWest,whichmayhaveallowedanawarenessoftheancientOlympicmovementtopassfromGreecetoChina.Yetsportappearstoplayamorefundamentalanddeeply-rootedroleinnationalcultureandsocio-politicallifeinallsocialcommunitiesatalltimes.,MP3,Digging,3Infact,theoriginsoftheOlympicGamescanbefoundinthefrequentconflictsbetweenthecity-statesofGreece.Everyfouryears,itwasagreedthattheOlympicGameswouldactasatemporaryceasefire.ButoncetheGameswereover,fightingwouldresume.,译文,MP3,Digging,4Yethistoricalresearchandstudiesinsociologysuggestthatsportisnotsimplyasubstituteforconflict.Itseemsthatwherevertherearehumanactivities,thereissport.Onereasonforthisistheneedtokeepfitforbothsurvivalandforamusement.Fromthetimehumansbegantomaketoolsfromstone,theyknewthatgreaterphysicalstrengthwouldallowthemtousethetoolswithgreaterefficiency.,译文,MP3,Digging,Running,swimming,jumpingandthrowingwerenotsimplyskillswhichneededtobedevelopedtocatchmoregameandfish.Theywereenjoyableaswell.Induecourse,thesesameskillswerecalledintoplaynotjustintheOlympicGamesbutalsointhesportingeventswhichwereheldinChinaandelsewhere.Forexample,theskillofshootingwithabowandarrowappearsinthemythsofmanynations.,译文,MP3,Digging,Odysseuswassaidtohavekilledrivalsforhiswifesattentionwithabowandarrow.Similarly,duringtheYaotimes,HouYiissaidtohaveshotdownnineofthetensunsintheskywhichhadburntalltheplantsonEarth.Thus,theoriginofsportappearstolieinhumaninstinct,andnotinhumaninvention.,译文,MP3,Digging,5TherearefurthersimilarfeaturesbetweensportinGreece,inChina,andothernations.Sportwasusedasaformofmilitarytraining,toimproveanarmysabilitytobeattheenemywithorwithoutweapons.InChinathisincludedfightingwithoutweapons,horseracing,stonethrowing,hunting,andswimming.,译文,MP3,Digging,DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,swimmingpoolswerebuiltandprizeswereawardedtogoodswimmersamongthewatertroops.SimilarsportswerealsocommoninancientGreece,especiallyinSparta,wheremilitarytrainingwaspartoftheformaleducationofbothboysandgirls.,译文,MP3,Digging,6Sportingactivitiesinbothnationswereoftencombinedwithdancing.Becauseofperiodsofbadweather,Chinawashitbyrainandflooding.Inordertorelaxstiffjointsandmusclesandtogetridofgloomymoods,peoplewoulddancevigorously.MilitarytraininginSpartaincludeddancing,andtheancientOlympicGamesincludeddancingcompetitions.Inthemodernera,thisformofmovementandrhythmcanbestillseeninfigureskatingandgymnastics.,译文,MP3,Digging,7Furthermore,inbothancientChinaandGreece,sportwasintegratedintotheeducationsystem.DuringtheXia,ShangandZhoudynasties,allplacesoflearningtaughttraditionalformsoffighting.Confuciuswasafineathlete,highlyskilledinshootingwithabowandarrow,fishing,hunting,andhill-climbing.HeintroducedtheSixNobleArtsintoeducation:music,ancientrituals,mathematics,handwriting,drivingahorse-drawnvehicleandshootingwithabow,译文,MP3,Digging,allofwhichpaidattentiontothemoral,physicalandintellectualdevelopmentofpupils.TheGreekphilosopherPlatoadvisedthatphysicaltrainingandhealtheducationshouldbeincludedintheschoolcurriculum,alongsidephilosophy,music,literatureandgymnastics.OnecommonWesterntermforaschool,gymnasium,comesfromthisbroadviewofeducation.,译文,MP3,Digging,译文,MP3,Digging,8SportsinbothancientChinaandGreecewerecombinedwithmilitarytraining,dancingandthewholeeducationalsystem.SoisitsurprisingthatChinashouldembracemodernOlympicidealswhichweredeeplyrootedinancientGreeksociety?,Backgroundinformation,Mainideaofthetext,1.Itistruethatintheancientperiod,theSilkRoadservedasachannelfromGreecetoChina.Yetsportappearstoplayamorefundamentalanddeeplyrootedroleatalltimes.(Para2),AncientChinacouldhavebeeninfluencedbyancientGreekideasonsportwiththehelpoftheSilkRoad.However,itismoreprobablethatsportwasimportantasanaturalresultofhumanactivitiesandplayedakeyroleinallaspectsofhumanlife.,Difficultsentences,Difficultsentences,2.Induecourse,thesesameskillswerecalledintoplaynotjustintheOlympicGames(Line13,Para4),AstimewentbytherewereothersportingeventsotherthantheOlympicGamesinChinaandotherplaces,whichrequiredpeopletoshowtheirrunning,swimming,jumpingandthrowingskills.,Difficultsentences,induecourse:atsometimeinthefuturewhenitistherighttime,butnotbeforee.g.PleasewaitIwillgiveyoutheanswersinduecourse.becalledintoplay:tobecomeuseful,tobemadegooduseof,tocomeintoactione.g.Inthatdangeroussituationallhisexperienceandskillasapilotwerecalledintoplay.,Manyaspectsofsportarosebeforecivilization;itshowsthatsportcomesfrommansbasicnatureandisnotaproductofculture.,Difficultsentences,3.Thus,theoriginofsportappearstolieinhumaninstinct,andnotinhumaninvention.(Line23,Para4),YoumightthinkitwouldbehardforChinatounderstandtheOlympicGamesastheyweretheproductofanentirelydifferentculture,butthehistoryofsportinChinaisverysimilartothatofsportinancientGreece.SoitiseasyforChinatoappreciatetheideasbehindtheOlympicGames.Theyarenotneworstrange.,Difficultsentences,4.SoisitsurprisingthatChinashouldembracemodernOlympicidealswhichweredeeplyrootedinancientGreeksociety?(Line3,Para8),ancient,释义,a.relatingtopeoplewholivedaverylongtimeago,andtotheircultureandwayoflife古代的；古文化的,例句,TheybelievedancientGreeceandRomewerevitalsourcesoflearning.,他们认为古希腊和古罗马是知识的重要发源地。,翻译,Words,LastsummerIvisitedMexicoCitytoseetheancientartinthemuseumsthere.(Jan.1993,CET-4,Listeningcomprehension),真题,例句,NobodycantelljusthowtheancientEgyptiansbuiltthePyramids.,没有人能确切地说出古代埃及人是怎样建造金字塔的。,翻译,exchange,释义1,n.Casituationinwhichpeoplegiveeachotherinformationordiscusstheirideasandopinions交流,例句,ImgoingtogoonanexchangevisittoParis.,我将到巴黎交流参观。,翻译,Words,真题,Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.(Dec.2007,CET-4,Skimmingandscanning),例句,Frequentculturalexchangewillcertainlyhelpfosterfriendlyrelationsbetweenourtwouniversities.,经常的文化交流肯定有助于发展我们两校之间的友好关系。,翻译,exchange,释义2,vt.togivesomeonesomethinginreturnforsomethingthattheygiveyou交流；互换,例句,WestillexchangegiftsatChristmas.,我们依然在圣诞节时交换礼物。,翻译,Words,真题,Duringthemarriageceremony,thebrideandherwould-behusbandusuallyexchangegoldringsthatrepresenttheideathattheirunionwillcontinueforever.(Jun.2005,CET-4,Listeningcomprehension),例句,Attheendofthegameplayerstraditionallyexchangeshirtswitheachother.,按照传统，比赛结束时两队球员互换球衣。,翻译,fundamental,释义1,a.essentialtotheexistence,development,orsuccessofsomething必不可少的；十分重要的,例句,Waterisfundamentaltosurvival.,水对于生存是必不可少的。,翻译,Words,Certainly,thebiologicallinkbetweenparentandchildisfundamental.(Jun.2003,CET-4,Readingcomprehension),真题,例句,Competitionisfundamentaltokeepingpricesdown.,竞争对于抑制价格来说必不可少。,翻译,fundamental,释义2,a.relatingtothebasicnatureorcharacterofsomething基本的；根本的,例句,Thereisafundamentalflawinhisargument.,他的论点有个根本性的漏洞。,翻译,Words,Demandsforfundamentalchangewerecommonthroughoutthelaborpress.(Jun.1996,CET-4,Readingcomprehension),真题,例句,Thefundamentalproblemliesintheirinabilitytodistinguishbetweenrealityandinvention,最根本的问题在于他们不能分清现实和虚构。,翻译,释义,例句,Thesemeasuresareonlytemporary.,这些措施只是暂时的。,翻译,Words,a.existing,done,orusedforonlyalimitedperiodoftime暂时的,临时的；短期的,Moodmaybedefinedasatemporaryandmildpositiveornegativefeelingthatisgeneralizedandnottiedtoanycircumstance.(Dec.2007,CET-4,Cloze),temporary,真题,例句,Heaffordedatemporaryshelterfortheneedy.,他为穷人提供暂时的安身之处。,翻译,resume,释义,v.tostartsomethingagainafterstoppingtemporarily(短暂停断后)重新开始，继续,例句,Wellstopnowandresumeat2oclock.,我们要停下来了，两点钟再开始干。,翻译,Words,例句,翻译,Weresumedourdinneraftertheinterruption.,短暂的打断过后我们继续吃晚餐。,historical,释义1,a.connectedwithhistoryasasubjectofstudy历史科学的,例句,Heiswritingahistoricalnovelaboutnineteenth-centuryFrance.,他正在写一本描写19世纪法国的历史小说。,翻译,Words,例句,Sheisengagedinhistoricalresearch.,翻译,她从事历史研究。,historical,释义2,a.connectedwithhistoryorthepast与历史（或过去）有关的；历史的,例句,TheAbbeyisamajorhistoricalmonument.,威斯敏斯特大教堂是个重要的历史古迹。,翻译,Words,真题,TheBritishconstitutionistoalargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.(Jun.2000,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure),Theconflictneedstobeputinitshistoricalcontexttobeunderstood.,必须把这场冲突置于当时的历史背景下加以理解。,例句,翻译,sociology,释义,n.U社会学,例句,翻译,Words,例句,Sociologyisanartssubject.,翻译,社会学是一门文科。,Thisiswheresociologyoverlapswitheconomics.,这就是社会学与经济学在部分内容上互有交叉之处。,真题,Afterall,Idontstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory.(Jun.2007,CET-4,Readingcomprehension),substitute,释义1,n.C(for)somethingthatisusedinsteadofomethingelse代替物；替代品,例句,Theleadsingerwasillandhersubstitutewasntnearlyasgood.,主唱歌手病了，替代她的演员远远比不上她。,翻译,Words,Maybeeachcomputershouldcomewiththewarning:forallthehelpthiscomputermayprovide,itshouldnotbeseenasasubstituteforfundamentalthinkingandreasoningskills.(Jan.1989,CET-4,Readingcomprehension),真题,例句,Vitaminpillsarenosubstituteforhealthyeating.,维生素片不能替代健康饮食。,翻译,substitute,释义2,vt.tousesomethingnewordifferentinsteadofwhatisnormallyused替换；代替,例句,CanIsubstitutemilkforcream?,我可以用牛奶代替奶油吗？,翻译,Words,Somehardplasticscanbesubstitutedformetalsinmanufacturingmachineparts.(Jun.1990,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure),真题,例句,Wesubstitutedfishformeatseveraltimesaweek.,我们每星期有几顿饭以鱼代肉。,翻译,survival,释义,n.Uthefactorstateofcontinuingtoliveorexist幸存；继续存在,例句,Theseanimalsfaceaconstantfightforsurvival.,这些动物面临着持续不断的生存斗争。,翻译,Words,Therisksanduncertaintiesofthehuntwerenolongeressentialforsurvival.(Jun.1992,CET-4,Readingcomprehension),真题,例句,Ourdisregardfortheenvironmentthreatensthelong-termsurvivaloftheplanet.,我们对环境的漠视威胁着地球的长久存在。,翻译,amusement,释义,n.C,Usomethingthatyouenjoydoing乐于去做的事；有趣的事,例句,Whatdoyoudoforamusementinthistown?,在这个城镇里你们有什么娱乐活动？,翻译,Words,例句,Iplaythepianobutjustformyownamusement.,翻译,我弹钢琴只是为了自娱自乐。,efficiency,释义,n.Utheabilitytoworkwellandproducegoodresultsbyusingtheavailabletime,money,suppliesetcinthemosteffectiveway效率,例句,Itwillimproveourefficiencyifweintroduceanup-to-datemachine.,假如我们引进最先进的机器，效率将得到提高。,翻译,Words,Iwasimpressedwiththeefficiencyoftheworkdoneinthecompany.(Jun.2005,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure),真题,例句,Therecanbenoeconomywherethereisnoefficiency.,没有效率就谈不上节约。,翻译,game,释义,n.Uwildanimals,birds,andfishthatpeoplehunt猎物,例句,Hesaysthatthereisaforestfullofgame.,他说那里有一片森林，猎物很多。,翻译,Words,例句,Asmenwhoshotgameforfood,theywerenaturalmarksmen.,作为靠捕猎获取食物的人，他们是天生的神枪手。,翻译,bow,释义,n.C弓,例句,翻译,Words,Shedrewandaimedherbow.,她拉开弓瞄准。,Bowsandarrows,areoneofmansoldestweapons.(Jun.2006,CET-4,Listeningcomprehension),真题,例句,翻译,WilliamTellstudiedthetwoarrows,selectedone,andplaceditinhisbow.,威廉泰尔端详了一下这两支箭，挑选了一支搭在弓上。,myth,释义,n.Canancienttraditionalstoryaboutgods,heroes,andmagic神话,例句,翻译,Words,Thebattlehasbecomepartofnationalmyth.,这场战役已成为民族神话的一部分。,例句,翻译,Thestoriesdevelopedoutofancientmyths.,这些故事是由古代神话发展而来的。,similarly,释义,ad.inasimilarway相似地；类似地,例句,翻译,Words,Mostofthemenwhogatheredroundhimweresimilarlydressed.,聚集在他周围的大多数男子穿戴都差不多。,Similarly,consumersoperatingunderagivenmoodstatetendtoreacttostimuli(刺激因素)inadirectionconsistentwiththatmoodstate.(Dec.2007,CET-4,Cloze),真题,例句,翻译,Salesofexistinghomeswentup2%lastmonth.Similarly,constructionofnewhomesroseaswell.,现有住房上月的销售量上升了2%，同样地，新房子也建得更多了。,feature,释义,n.Canimportantpartoraspectofsomething特点；特征,例句,翻译,Words,Thelatestmodelhasalotofnewsafetyfeatures.,最新的模型在安全方面具有很多新特点。,Considerthemanygeographicfeaturesofthecountry:mountains,steepgrades,wetlands,rivers,deserts,andplains.(Jun.2006,CET-4,Skimmingandscanning),真题,例句,翻译,Thespaciousgardensareaspecialfeatureofthisproperty.,大花园是这处房产的特色。,military,释义,a.relatingtoarmiesorarmedforcesandthewaytheyareorganized军队的；武装力量的,例句,翻译,Words,Militaryactionmaybecomenecessary.,有可能会采取军事行动。,真题,Welovepeace,yetwearenotthekindofpeopletoyieldtoanymilitarythreat.(Jan.1988,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure),例句,翻译,Iwasntsurprisedtolearnthathedservedinthemilitary.,得知他在军中服过役，我并不感到吃惊。,weapon,释义,n.Canobjectthatcanbeusedtohurtpeopleordamageproperty武器；凶器,例句,翻译,Words,Thenuclearmissileisoneoftheworldsmostmodernweapons.,核导弹是世界上最先进的武器之一。,Someevendoubtedthewisdomofusingsopowerfulaweapon.(Jun.1990,CET-4,Readingcomprehension),真题,例句,翻译,Hersharpwitisanimportantweaponindebatingopponents.,她的睿智是与对手辩论时的重要武器。,award,释义,vt.togivesomebodyaprizeorotherrewardbecausetheyhaveachievedsomething授奖、授予,例句,翻译,Words,委员会把文学奖授予给她。,TheCommitteeawardedtheliteratureprizetoher.,Themayorawardedthepoliceofficeramedalofhonorforhisheroicdeedinrescuingtheearthquakevictims.(Jun.2005,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure),真题,例句,翻译,他已经获得出国留学的奖学金。,Hehasbeenawardedascholarshiptostudyabroad.,formal,释义1,例句,翻译,Words,许多卫生工作者没有受过正规的医疗培训。,Manyofthehealthworkershadnoformalmedicaltraining.,Althoughhisformaleducationstoppedafterprimaryschool,hewasanavidreader.,例句,翻译,尽管他在小学毕业后就没上过正规的学校，但他是一个酷爱读书的人。,真题,Hehadlittleformalschooling.(Jun.2007,CET-4,Listeningcomprehension),a.formaleducationortrainingisobtainedfromstudyingratherthanfromworkingatajob正规的,formal,释义2,例句,翻译,Words,政府许诺要展开正式调查。,Thegovernmentispromisingaformalinvestigation.,Thissoundssuspiciouslylikeaformalstatementthatyouapproveoftheliberal-artsgraduate.(Sep.2003,CET-4,Readingcomprehension),真题,vt.followingthecorrectorsuitableofficialmethods正式的,例句,翻译,Weintendtomakeaformalwrittencomplaint.,我们打算写一份正式的书面投诉。,stiff,释义,a.ifyouarestifforapartofyourbodyisstiff,youfeelpaininyourmusclesandcannotmoveeasily（肌肉）疼痛的，僵硬的,例句,翻译,Words,我脖子很疼。,Ivegotareallystiffneck.,Ifeltreallystiffafterplayingbasketballlastweek.,例句,翻译,我上星期打了篮球后感到身体发僵，一动就疼。,rid,释义,a.(geto