系统功能语言学 情态.ppt

情态2016.11,任何人际交往最基本的目的：给予（giving）和索取(demanding)商品（commodity）:“货物和劳务”（goodsFocusonrealandnaturaleventsratherthanonspecialluywrittenstoriesthatdonotrelatetothestudentsexperience;Readingofrealtextsofhighinterest,particularlyliterature;Writingforarealaudienceandnotsimplytopracticewritingskills;Writingasaprocessforlearnerstoexploreanddiscovermeaning;,Design:Objectives,Useofstudent-producedtextsratherthanteacher-generatedorother-generatedtexts;Integrationofreading,writing,andothersskills;Student-centeredlearning:sshavechoiceoverwhattheyreadandwrite,withpowerandunderstandingoftheirworld;Readingandwritinginpartnershipwithotherlearners;Encouragementofrisktakingandexplorationandtheacceptanceoferrorsassignsoflearningratherthanoffailure.,Design:Learnerroles,Learnersaretoacquirethepowerofrealworldcommunicationthroughreadingauthenticmaterialsandwritingforrealaudiencebyrisk-takingandcollaborativeworkwithotherlearnersandteacher.Learners:collaboratorswithss,tsandwsoftexts;evaluators;self-directors;selectorsoflmaterials.,Design:Teacherroles,Teacherisafacilitatorandanactiveparticipantinthelearningcommunityratherthananexpertpassingonknowledge.Teacherlooksforteachablemomentstonegotiateaplanofworkwithss,ratherthanfollowingapreplannedlessonplanorscript.Teachertriestocreateaclimatesupportingcollaborativelearning.,Design:Thesyllabus,KP110下方,Design:Learningandteachingactivities,Teacherandlearners,inmixedgroups,collaboratewitheachothertocreateknowledge,meaningandunderstandingoftheworldbyreadingauthenticmaterialsandwritingforfunctionalpurposes.Activitiesoftenusedinclude：IndividualandsmallgroupreadingandwritingUngradeddialoguejournalsWritingportfoliosWritingconferenceStudent-madebooks,andstorywriting,WHinstructionadvocatestheuseofreal-worldmaterialsratherthancommercialtexts:ApieceofliteratureNewspapersSigns,handbillsStorybooksPrintedmaterialsStudent-producedmaterials,suchasclasssetsofliterature,bothfictionalandnonfictional,Design:Theroleofinstructionalmaterials,Procedures,WLrevealsfourclassroomfeatures:TheuseofliteratureTheuseofprocesswritingEncouragementofcooperativelearningamongssConcernforssattitude.WhatisuniqueofWHisthatactivitiesareorganizedaroundtheuseofliteratureaspartofanoverallphilosophyofTUseauthenticmaterials;UsedtofacilitatethedevelopmentofallaspectsofL2.Disadvantages:Seekingnative-languageprinciplesotESL;Anti-directteaching,anti-skills,andanti-materia