高中英语 虚拟语气

Grammar,SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气,一.语气的分类,1.陈述语气(TheindicativeMood)用来陈述一个事实,或提出一种看法,有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。Iamnotinterestedinwhatyousaid.HaveyoueverbeentoFrance?Whatasplendidpalace!2.祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等.Letshaveatalk.Dontjumpinthequeue.,英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。,3.虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设,愿望，怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等.例如：1）IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.2）Ifitweretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.3）IfJackhadscoredthatgoal,wewouldhavewonthematch.4）Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotolabthisafternoon.,二.虚拟语气的用法:,（一）.用于条件状语从句中:,主从句,构成,时态,虚拟条件从句,主句,例句,与现在事实相反的假设,与过去事实相反的假设,If+主语+动词过去时(be用were),主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形,IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.,If+主语+had+过去分词,主语+would/should/could/might+have+过去分词,Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youdhavepassedtheexam.,1.If条件句中的虚拟语气,主从句,构成,虚拟条件从句,主句,例句,与将来情况相反的假设,If+主语+动词的过去时If+主语+wereto+动词原形If+主语+should+动词原形,主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形,Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,wewouldputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.,时态,虚拟语气中的倒装：如果条件句中有were,had,should等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思,1)Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youdhavepassedtheexam.,Hadyoutakenmyadvice,youdhavepassedtheexam.,2)Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.,Wereittoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.,3)Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,wewouldputoffthemeetingtillnextweek,Shoulehenotcometomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeetingtillnextweek.,2.含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气即用without(butfor)“要不是”,or(else)“否则”ifitwerenotfor/ifithadnotbeenfor(=without/butfor),but代替if从句。1）Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldnthavemadesuchgreatprogress.Iftherehadntbeen/wehadntgothishelp,wewouldnthavemadesuchgreatprogress.2）Shewouldhavecomehere,butshewastoobusywithherhomework.Shewouldhavecomehere,ifshehadnotbeentoobusywithherhomework.,虚拟语气高考链接,1.Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?I_,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(NMET)A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did,析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为wouldhave则成立，可以理解为IwouldhavecomeifIhadnthadanunexpectedvisitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有wasgoingto可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。,3)Ifithadnotbeenforthecaptainsefforts,theshipwouldhavesunk.,3.混合虚拟语气/错综虚拟语气,即条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，多见从句用过去完成时（表示与过去相反），主句用would/could/should/might+do(表示与现在相反)，如：,1）Ifhehadfollowedthedoctorsadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.,2）Hewouldpassthetestifhehadtakenmyadvice.,3）Ifwehaddriveninturnsyesterday,youwouldfeelbetternow.,（二）.虚拟语气用于名词性从句中:,1.用于主语从句中:,(1)Itissuggested/requested/demandedordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted+that从句中,从句用(should)+动词原形:eg:Itssuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Itwasorderedthatthewoundedsoldiersbesenttothefieldhospitalatonce.注意：“坚决要命”类动词所接的四种名词性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同位语从句）中用法都如此。“坚决要命”:insist,advise,suggest,propose;deside;require,request,desire,demand;order,command,(2)用在Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural/surprising/essential/vital/apity+从句中,从句用(should)+动词原形:eg:Itisnecessarythatthecustomsofallnationalminoritiesberespected.Itisstrangethatheshouldhavesaidso.ItisnotsurprisingthatAlfredshouldhavemarriedAmy.,2.用于宾语从句中:,在wish后的宾从表与现在相反用一般过去时（系词用were）;与过去相反用过去完成时；与将来相反用would/could/might+动词原形:,HowIwish_abirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky!（be）,IwishI_somanymistakesinthelastexam.(make),HowIwishit_rainingnow!(be),were,Hadnotmade,Werent,(2)在wouldrather后接从句,用过去时表示与现在或将来相反;用过去完成时表示与过去相反:eg.Idratheryoucametomorrow.Idratheryouhadnttoldhimthenews.,(3)在advise,demand,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest后用should+动词原形,should可以省略:,eg.Hesuggestedwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.Weinsistedtheynotbepresentatsuchgathering.Heorderedthatall(should)takepartinthework.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)havelunchwiththem.,但是:当suggest表示“暗示,表明”insist表示“坚持认为”时,不用虚拟语气:eg.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.,3.用于表语从句中:,在advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion等后面的表语从句中:,eg.Myadviceisthathewaittillnextweek.Hersuggestionisthatweshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.Thegeneralsorderwasthatallthesoldiersreachtheborderintenhours.,4.用于同位语从句中:在advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion等后面的同位语从句中,如:,E.g.WeallagreetohissuggestionthatwegototheHappyValleyforanouting.Ordercamethatthesoldiersbesenttotheborder.Hereisthedoctorsadvicethatyoushouldtakethemedicine4timesaday.,（三）.用于其他句型:,1.在Itis(high)timethat句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去时,或should+动词原形(should不能省略):,eg.Itis(high)timethatyouwenttoschool.Itstimeyoudidsomethingaboutit.Itis(high)timethatweshouldstartout.,2.用于ifonly(要是就好了)引导的感叹句中，用法同wish,如:,eg.IfonlyIwereabird!IfonlyIhadknownhertelephonenumber/e-mailaddress!IfonlyIhadntlostit!Ifonlytheletterhadarrivedintime!,3用于asif,asthough引导的从句时:以asif、asthough（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式状语从，如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气,与现在相反用过去时，与过去相反用过去完成时。如：Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhewereanadult.Heactedasusualasthoughnothinghadhappened.Bettertakeanumbrellawithyou.Itlookasifahevenrainisaroundthecorner.,4.May+动词原形，表示祝愿.如:Maythefriendshipbetweenourtwopeopleslastforever!Mayyousucceed!Maytheplanwork!,1.IfIhadhadenoughtime,I_mywork.A.wouldfinishB.musthavefinishedC.wouldhavefinishedD.hadfinished2.Tenminutesearlier,they_theplane.A.willcatchB.wouldcatchC.wouldhavecaughtD.willhavecaught3.MrGreenrequiresthatthestudents_acompositioneveryotherweek.A.writeB.writenC.wouldwriteD.willwrite4.Hadhestudiedhard,he_theexam.A.wouldpassB.couldpassC.hadpassedD.wouldhavepassed,C,C,A,D,5.IwishI_whatishappeningthereinhisroom.A.knowB.knownC.knewD.shouldknow6.Itisimportantthatyou_sportseveryday.A.haveB.wouldhaveC.musthaveD.willhave7.Iftherewerenowaterintheworld,everything_.A.willdieB.woulddieC.wouldhavediedD.wouldhavebeendead8._whatwasgoingtohappen,Iwouldneverhaveleftheralone.A.HadIknownB.IfIknowC.IfIknewD.IfhadIknown,C,A,B,A,9.Heorderedthatthework_rightaway.A.shouldfinishB.finishedC.wouldbefinishedD.befinished10.Shallwegotothemovietonight?No,Idrather_athomewithourbaby.Youdbetternotleaveittothebabysitteratnight.A.youstayedB.youstayC.stayedD.stay11._inyourposition,Iwouldhelphim.A.WasIB.WereIC.IfIamD.IfIhadbeen12.I_,butIwasstoppedbytheheavyrain.A.meantocomeB.meanttocomeC.hadmeanttocomeD.meantcoming,D,A,B,C,13.MrsBlackinsists_inthatoldhotel.A.nottostayB.notstayingC.stayingnotD.thatshenotstay14.Ifyouhadspokenclearly,youwould_.A.understanditB.haveunderstoodC.beunderstoodD.havebeenunderstood15.Ifyou_thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldntbesosleepy.A.haventwatchedB.hadntwatchedC.didntwatchD.wouldnthavewatched16.TheforeignfriendspeaksChinesesowellasifhe_aChinese.A.isB.beC.shouldbeD.were,D,D,B,D,17.Ifhe_,he_thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.wouldbewarned;h