新编英语教程4_李观仪版Unit 4

Unit4,TextSkimming,1.Getthemainideas:,2.Dividethetextinto3parts:,Writingdowninthebookonesreactionstothetextisthemostefficientwayofreading.,theintroduction,thebody,theconclusion,(para.1),(paras.2-10),(para.11),contend,argue,claim,mutilation,destruction,purchase,buying,possession,ownership,transfer,movefromoneplacetoanother,dog-eared,havingthecornersofthepagesturnedupordownwithusesothattheylooklikeadogsears,intact,indispensable,wholebecausenoparthasbeentouched/spoilt,absolutelyessential,scratchpad,looselyjoinedsheetsofpaperforwritingnotes,sacred,tobetreatedwithgreatrespect;solemnandserious,contend,1.vi.tocompeteagainstsbinordertogainsth,e.g.HolyfieldcontendedfortheWorldHeavyweightTitle.,2.vt.+thattoargueorstatethatsthistrue,e.g.Icontendthatsmokingwilldousalotofharm.,content,1.n.(often“contents”)thingsthatareinsideacontainer,e.g.Thedrawerhadbeenemptiedofitscontents.,2.n.afeelingofhappinessandsatisfaction,e.g.Heoftensleepstohisheartscontentatweekends.,3.adj.(notbeforenouns)happyandsatisfied,e.g.Sheiscontentwithherjobatthemoment.,4.vt.tomakesbfeelhappyandsatisfied,e.g.Icontentmyselfwithacupofcoffee.,“Icontend,quitebluntly,thatmarkingupabookisnotanactofmutilationbutoflove.”,(workbookp.55),Iargueplainlythatmakingmarksinabookisnotsomethingdonetospoilitbuttoshowitsworthandvalue.,prelude,beapreludeto,-actionoreventthathappensbeforeanotherlargerormoreimportantoneandformsanintroductiontoit,e.g.Thebankruptcyofseveralsmallfirmswasthepreludetogeneraleconomiccollapse.,e.g.Hisfrequentdepressionswerethepreludetoacompletementalbreakdown.,“Butthisactofpurchaseisonlythepreludetopossession.”,(workbookp.55),Gettingthebookbypaymentismerelyapreparatorysteponthewaytoownership.,ownership,musicianship,professorship,scholarship,membership,readership,premiership,所有权,乐感；音乐修养,教授之职,奖学金；学识,成员资格,读者人数,总理/首相之任期,“Fullownershipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourself.”,(workbookp.55),Onlywhenyouhavefullyabsorbeditcanyousaythatyouownthebookcompletely.,“Thethirdhasafewbooksormanyeveryoneofthemdog-earedanddilapidated,shakenandloosenedbycontinualuse,markedandscribbledinfromfronttoback.”,(workbookp.55),Thethirdkindofbookownerspossessonlyafewormanybooks,buteveryoneofthemisworn,withthecornersoftheleavesfoldedover,andhasbecomelesstightlyboundbecauseofconstantuse.Therearemarksandhastilywrittennotesineachbookfromcovertocover.,nomore.than,-“nomorethan”isusedtoemphasizethatsomethingisnottrue,notsuitable,etc.,e.g.HeisnomorefittobetheclasspresidentthanIam!,e.g.Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabodywithoutasoundmindisaman.,nomorethan,1.Itisusedtosaythatsthisneededorsuitable,e.g.Itsnomorethanyoudeserve.,2.Itisusedtosaythatsborsthislessimportantthantheyseem,e.g.Hesnomorethanaglorifiedaccountant.,e.g.Itwasnomorethanascratch.,“IdnomorescribblealloverafirsteditionofParadiseLostthanIdgivemybabyasetofcrayonsandanoriginalRembrandt!”,(workbookp.56),IwouldnevermarkpagesofafirsteditioncopyofParadiseLost,justasIwouldnotgivemybabyasetofcoloredpencilsandapaintingbyRembrandtintheoriginal.,“Ifyourrespectformagnificentbindingortypographygetsintheway,buyyourselfacheapeditionandpayyourrespectstotheauthor.”,(workbookp.56),Iftheelaboratecover,styleofprintingorlayoutpreventyoufrommarkingupabook,thenyoudbetterbuyacheapeditioninwhichyoucanshowyourrespecttothewriter(bywritingnotesinit).,indispensable,-someoneorsomethingthatisindispensableissoimportantorusefulthatitisimpossibletomanagewithoutthem,e.g.Healthisindispensabletoeveryone.,e.g.Justaswaterisvitaltofish,airisindispensabletoman.,e.g.Shehasbecomequiteindispensabletothecompany.,“Whyismarkingupabookindispensabletoreading?”,-Whyismarkingupabookessentialtoreading?,require(line39),demand(line41),demandimpliesaskingfor(something)asifordering(something)onehasarightto.,requiresuggestsapressing,oftenaninherentneed.,e.g.Theseplantsrequiremoistsoilatalltimes.,e.g.TheGovernorhasdemandedyourresignation.,Inthetexttheyareinter-changeable,buttheydifferslightlyinanothersense.,“Thephysicalactofwriting,withyourhand,bringswordsandsentencesmoresharplybeforeyourmindandpreservesthembetterinyourmemory.”,(workbookp.56),Ifyouwritenotesinthebookyourself,thewordsandsentenceswillstandoutmoredistinctlyinyourmindandlastlongerinyourmemory.,integral,(tosth)necessaryforcompleteness,e.g.Thearmsandlegsareintegralpartsofthehumanbody.,e.g.Thekitchenisanintegralpartofthehouse.,e.g.Hertalentsareintegraltotheteamsgoodperformance.,“Butdontletanybodytellyouthatareaderissupposedtobesolelyonthereceivingend.”,(workbookp.56),Dontbelievethatareaderisonlyexpectedtotakeinpassivelywhatisinthebook(i.e.,thereadershouldalsocontribute).,“Understandingisatwo-wayoperation;learningdoesntconsistinbeinganemptyreceptacle.”,(workbookp.56),Comprehensionisaprocessinvolvingbothreceptionandproduction.Ifyouremainacontainerreadyonlytoreceive,youcannotexpecttolearnverymuch.,Translation,1.Youarenotlikelytograspanarticleonlogicunlessyouthinkactivelyinthecourseofreading.2.Accordingtotheauthor,oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreadagoodbookisbywritingbetweenthelineswhilereading.,3.Hewassoabsorbedinoneofhiscloningexperimentsthathewasntawareofmyenteringthelaboratoryatall.4.Idontthinkhappinessconsistsinobtainingwhatyouneed;Ibelievehappinessconsistsindoingwhatyoucanforsociety/fulfillingyourdutyforsociety.,5.Airpressure,oxygenandtemperatureareamongtheconditionsindispensabletothesurvivaloftheastronautsonthemoon.6.Inacertainsense,postgraduatestudentsarealsoresearchers.,7.Hewouldrathersetdownwhathehasobserved,importantortrivial,inhisnotebookthancommitittohismemory,becausehebelievesintheremarkthat“Theworstpenisbetterthanthebestmemory.”8.Hewassupposedtothestudentswhysharp/keenobservationandlogicalthinkingwereindispensablequalitiestoresearchwork,buthistalkwasmoreconfusingthanclarifying.,9.Accordingtohistheoryofforeignlanguagelearning,onecanbetterlearnEnglishinastateofrelaxationthaninastateofconcentration.10.Planningandoutliningareonlyapreludetowriting.Drafting,revi