book8 unit4 语法

,复习过去分词作状语,1._(污染的)airandwaterareharmfultopeopleshealth.2.Theproblem_(在会议上讨论的)yesterdaywasverydifficulttosolve.3.Hebecame_(兴奋)whenheheardhehadwonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.4.Iam_(感兴趣)inthestory.,Polluted,discussedatthemeeting,excited,interested,定语,定语,表语,表语,Revision,5.Ihaventgotthefilm_(冲洗develop)yet.6.Doyouknowtheman_(站)besidethedoor?7.Abreakingcupislyingonthefloor.(改错)8.Themeetingholdsyesterdaywasveryimportant.(改错),developed,standing,breaking改为broken,holds改为held,宾语补足语,定语,定语,Revision,Thepastparticiplecanbeusedas:,二.学习-ed分词作状语1.作用：例句1.AfteracceptedbytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.=AfterhewasacceptedbytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.表,相当于一个时间状语从句,过去分词前可加when,while,before等来强调时间概念。Ex.1)从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。_,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.2)When_(complete)，themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear,时间,Seenfromthetopofthehill,completed,例句2.Deeplymovedbythestory，theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.=Becausetheexcitedpeopleweredeeplymovedbythestory，theystoppedquarrellingwitheachother.表_,相当于一个原因状语从句。Ex.1)_(受演讲所鼓舞),theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.2)MrSmith，_ofthe_speech，startedtoreadanovel.Atired；boringBtiring；boredCtired；boredDtiring；boring,原因,Deeplymovedbythespeech,A,例句3.Giventime(假以时日)，Linawillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.=IfLinaisgiventime，shewillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.表_,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if,unless等词。Ex.1)水如果被加热,会变成水蒸气。If_,watercanbeturnedintosteam.2)Unless_(除非让你发言),youshouldsitsilent.3)再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。_,条件,heated,askedtospeak,（If）Givenanotherchance,hewilldoitbetter.,例句4.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。(Though)Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.=Thoughtheywereexhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.表_，相当于一个though/although引导的_Ex1)(Though)_(尽管被许多人嘲笑),hecontinuedhisstudy.例句5.Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.=Theoldmanwentintotheroomandhewassupportedbyhiswife.表方式或伴随情况。(相当于_连接的并列分句)我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题_,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.=MyfatherandIwereseatedatthetable_weweretalkingaboutmyjob.,让步,让步状语从句,Laughedatbymanypeople,and,Seatedatthetable,and,2.意义:ed分词短语做状语可表示_等意义。这种-ed分词状语相当于一个时间、原因、条件、让步等_从句，若-ed分词表方式或伴随情况时，相当于_连接的分句。句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成_关系，即是该分词动作的承受者。-ed分词（短语）作状语时，也可在其前面加上连词_等，以便明确作何种状语。巩固练习:Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingparticiples:1)Ifthetownisseenfromthetopofthehill,itlooksmorebeautiful.=_,thetownlooksmorebeautiful2)Asthewatchisusedforalongtime,itneedsrepairing.=_,thewatchneedsrepairing.3)Thoughhehadtoldmanytimeshecouldntunderstandit.=_,hecouldntunderstandit,时间、地点、原因、条件、,让步、伴随,状语,and,动宾/被动,when,because,if,once,though,unless,Seenfromthetopofthehill,Usedforalongtime,Toldmanytimes,三.注意事项:1.某些过去分词（短语）来源于_结构，有些甚至具有形容词的特征，因此，虽然它们作状语时与句子主语之间存在逻辑意义上的_关系，但仍然用它们的过去分词来作_语。这类过去分词（短语）常见的主要有：caughtin(陷入，遇上),devotedto,disappointedat,determinedto,dressedin,exhausted，hidden,lostin,preparedfor,seated,tiredof等。Ex.1)_(对考试的结果感到失望),thetopstudentsatthereinstonysilence.2)_(因为被大雨所困),Jenniferdidntarriveontime.3)_(对党非常忠心),theyoungsoldiergavehislifeforhiscountry.,系表,主动,状,Disappointedattheexaminationresults,Caughtintheheavyrain,EntirelydevotedtotheParty,2.过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别:下列句子哪个正确？Seeinginthislight,thematterisnotasseriousaspeoplegenerallysuppose.（）Seeninthislight,thematterisnotasseriousaspeoplegenerallysuppose.（）总结:过去分词与句子主语构成_关系(_),而现在分词与句子主语构成_关系(_)。Ex.1)Wecantgooutinthisweather,saidBob,_(look)outofthewindow.2)_suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered3)Theresearcherissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun,动宾,被动,主谓,主动,looking,3.分词作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致。若其逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则须在分词前加上自己的_，构成独立主格结构。Ex1)Herhomework_(finish),Jessicawentoutforawalk.作业做完后，杰西卡出去散步了。2)Weather_(permit),wellgothereonfoot3)_(settle),themeetingended.问题得到解决，会议就结束了。4)Night_(come)on,westartedforhome.,逻辑主语,finished,Thequestionsettled,coming,permitting,4.英语中有一部分分词短语，它独立存在，没有自己的逻辑主语。这些分词短语已成为固定的惯用语，常被看作句子的插入语，常见的有：Generallyspeaking一般说来Strictly(Honestly/Frankly/Roughly/Broadly)speaking严格地/诚实地/坦白地/粗略地/泛泛地说Talkingof/about.谈到Considering考虑到，鉴于Judgingfrom/by根据判断Takingall/everythingintoconsideration从各方面考虑Allowingfor考虑到Puttingitmildly说得温和一些Ex.1)_(根据他的外表来看)，hemustbeAmerican.2)_(一般说来),boysaremoregenerousthangirls.,Accordingtohisappearance/look,Generallyspeaking,现在分词的时态和语态,(not)doing,(not)beingdone,(not)havingdone,(not)havingbeendone,todo,tobedone,tobedoing,_,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,(done表示与逻辑主语是被动关系,动作已完成.),不定式的形式:,比较非谓语的几种形式,课后练习一请找出下列句子的错误并改正1.Givingmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.2.Thecomputercenter,openinglastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.3.Losinginthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.4.Beforeusedit,themachinemustbechecked5.Dressinginawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.,Giving-Given,opening-opened,Losing-Lost,去掉it,Dressing-Dressed,1-4DADBB5-9ACDD,Writing1.Inthemorning,webicycledtothesuburbstoplanttrees,_(一路上有说有笑).(-ing作伴随状语)2._(参加英语演讲比赛)isahelpfulwaytolearnEnglish.（-ing作主语）3._(被他的话所感动),Ipraisedhimforhisdeedsanddecidedtosing_(名叫“母亲”的一首歌)forthestudents.(-ed作状语和定语)4.尽管讲了很多次，他还是不明白这个问题。(-ed作状语)_5.Atabout1oclockthisafternoon,Tracycalled,_说他明天上午不能在咖啡屋(BoltonCoffee)同你见面asshehassomethingimportanttoattendto.(-ing作伴随状语),talkingandlaughingalltheway,TakingpartinEnglishspeechcompetition,Movedbyhiswords,asongnamed“Mother”,Althoughtoldmanytimes,hestilldidntunderstandtheproblem.,sayingthatshecouldntmeetyouatBoltonCoffeetomorrowmorning,6.由于对所发生的事情感到吃惊，Tom不知道怎么办。(-ed作状语)_7.完成作业后，要检查，以确保减少不必要的错误。(todo作目的状语)_8.正在建的那栋楼是我校的图书馆。（beingdone作定语）_92010年完工，那博物馆已经对公众开放了好几年