基于ZigBee的车内无线传感器网络【中文6400字】
收藏
资源目录
压缩包内文档预览：
编号：9103513
类型：共享资源
大小：2.37MB
格式：ZIP
上传时间：2018-02-28
上传人：闰***
认证信息
个人认证
冯**（实名认证）
河南
IP属地：河南
13
积分
- 关 键 词：
-
基于
zigbee
无线
传感器
网络
中文
- 资源描述：
-
基于ZigBee的车内无线传感器网络【中文6400字】,基于,zigbee,无线,传感器,网络,中文
- 内容简介：
-
ALLCONTENTFOLLOWINGTHISPAGEWASUPLOADEDBYCEMSARAYDARON22MAY2014THEUSERHASREQUESTEDENHANCEMENTOFTHEDOWNLOADEDFILESEEDISCUSSIONS,STATS,ANDAUTHORPROFILESFORTHISPUBLICATIONATHTTPS/WWWRESEARCHGATENET/PUBLICATION/224719440ZIGBEEBASEDINTRACARWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKCONFERENCEPAPERJULY2007DOI101109/ICC2007653SOURCEIEEEXPLORECITATIONS36READS2166AUTHORS,INCLUDINGCEMSARAYDARGENERALMOTORSCOMPANY33PUBLICATIONS2,191CITATIONSAMACDONALDGENERALMOTORSCOMPANY5PUBLICATIONS182CITATIONSSEEPROFILESEEPROFILEOKTONGUZCARNEGIEMELLONUNIVERSITY265PUBLICATIONS6,999CITATIONSSEEPROFILETHISFULLTEXTPAPERWASPEERREVIEWEDATTHEDIRECTIONOFIEEECOMMUNICATIONSSOCIETYSUBJECTMATTEREXPERTSFORPUBLICATIONINTHEICC2007PROCEEDINGSZIGBEEBASEDINTRACARWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKHSINMUTSAI1,CEMSARAYDAR2,TIMOTHYTALTY2,MICHAELAMES2,ANDREWMACDONALD2,ANDOZANKTONGUZ11CARNEGIEMELLONUNIVERSITY,ECEDEPARTMENT,PITTSBURGH,PA152133890,USA2GENERALMOTORSCORPORATION,ECILAB,RESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT,WARREN,MI480922031,USAEMAILHSINMUT,TONGUZECECMUEDU,CEMSARAYDAR,TIMOTHYTALTY,MICHAELAMES,ANDREWMACDONALDGMCOMABSTRACTDUETOANINCREASINGNUMBEROFSENSORSDEPLOYEDINCARS,RECENTLYTHEREISAGROWINGINTERESTINIMPLEMENTINGAWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKWITHINACARINTHISPAPER,WEREPORTTHERESULTSOFPACKETTRANSMISSIONEXPERIMENTSUSINGZIGBEESENSORNODESWITHINACARUNDERVARIOUSSCENARIOSTHERESULTSOFTHEEXPERIMENTSSUGGESTTHATBOTHRECEIVEDSIGNALSTRENGTHINDICATORRSSIANDLINKQUALITYINDICATORLQICANONLYBEUSEDASATHRESHOLDBASEDINDICATORTOEVALUATETHELINKQUALITYINDICATINGPOORLINKQUALITYWHENDROPPINGBELOWACERTAINTHRESHOLDPRELIMINARYEXPERIMENTALRESULTSSHOWTHATADETECTIONALGORITHMDEVELOPEDBYTHEAUTHORSBASEDONRSSI/LQI/ERRORPATTERNSANDANADAPTIVESTRATEGYMIGHTINCREASETHEGOODPUTPERFORMANCEOFTHELINKWHILEIMPROVINGPOWERCONSUMPTIONOFTHERADIOIINTRODUCTIONWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKSHAVEBEENIMPLEMENTEDINVARIOUSMONITORINGAPPLICATIONSSUCHASINDUSTRIAL,HEALTH,ENVIRONMENTAL,SECURITY,ETCRECENTLY,VEHICULARAPPLICATIONSHAVEENTEREDTHELISTOFAPPLICATIONS,MAINLYTHROUGHTIREPRESSUREMONITORINGSYSTEMSMOREWIDESPREADUSEOFWIRELESSSENSORSINAVEHICLEWILLRESULTFROMONEORMOREOFSEVERALDIFFERENTFACTORSINCLUDINGDIFFICULTYWITHWIREDSENSINGANDCOSTREDUCTIONOPPORTUNITYFUELEDBYTHEEMERGINGINTERESTINTHEINDUSTRYFORDEPLOYINGAHIGHERNUMBEROFWIRELESSSENSORS,THEREISANEEDTOUNDERSTANDANDCHARACTERIZETHEWIRELESSCHANNELWITHINAVEHICLETOTHISEND,WEREPORTACASESTUDYUSINGWIRELESSSENSORNODESTHATARECOMPLIANTWITHZIGBEEZIGBEEISANINDUSTRYALLIANCETHATPROMOTESASETOFRULESWHICHBUILDSONTOPOFTHEIEEE802154STANDARDS1CHANNELBEHAVIORUNDERVARIOUSSCENARIOSISOBSERVEDFORZIGBEENODESPLACEDTHROUGHOUTAMIDSIZESEDANTOTHEBESTOFOURKNOWLEDGETHISPAPERPRESENTSTHEFIRSTATTEMPTTOCHARACTERIZEZIGBEEPERFORMANCEWITHINAVEHICLEENVIRONMENTTHERESTOFTHEPAPERISORGANIZEDASFOLLOWSINSECTIONII,THEDETAILSOFTHEEXPERIMENTALSETUPAREDESCRIBEDTHERESULTSOFTHEEXPERIMENTSANDTHEDISCUSSIONSOFTHESERESULTSAREPRESENTEDINSECTIONIIIINSECTIONIV,WEPROPOSEASETOFDETECTIONALGORITHMSANDANADAPTIVESTRATEGYTHATCANADJUSTTOCHANNELCONDITIONSFORIMPROVINGTHEERRORPERFORMANCEOFTHEWIRELESSCHANNELANDPRELIMINARYEVALUATIONRESULTSAREPRESENTEDFINALLY,THECONCLUDINGREMARKSAREGIVENINSECTIONVIIEXPERIMENTALMETHODASENSORNODEHARDWAREINOUREXPERIMENTS,WEUSECROSSBOWMPR24002ASOURSENSORNODEHARDWAREPLATFORMTHESPECIFICATIONSARESHOWNINTABLEIFIG1THEBLOCKDIAGRAMOFTHEEXPERIMENTALSETUPBEXPERIMENTALSETUPANDSENSORNODEFIRMWAREFIGURE1SHOWSTHEEXPERIMENTALSETUPINTHEEXPERIMENT,SENSORNODESSNAREPLACEDINDIFFERENTLOCATIONSINTHEVEHICLETHEBASESTATIONBSISPLACEDINSIDETHEINSTRUMENTPANELOFTHEVEHICLE,NEXTTOTHEVENTTHEBASESTATIONISCONNECTEDTOAMIB510PROGRAMMERANDARS232TOUSBCONVERTERISUSEDTOCONNECTTHELAPTOPANDMIB510THESENSORNODESPERIODICALLYRETRIEVESENSORINFORMATIONFROMTHEATTACHEDSENSORSANDSENDBROADCASTSENSORPACKETSTOTHEBASESTATIONTHEBASESTATIONACTSASABRIDGINGDEVICEBETWEENTHESENSORNODESANDTHELAPTOP,RELAYINGTHESENSORPACKETSFROMSENSORNODESTOTHELAPTOPANDTHECOMMANDPACKETSFROMTHELAPTOPTOSENSORNODES,ASWELLASLOGGINGVARIOUSMETRICSSUCHASRECEIVEDSIGNALSTRENGTHINDICATORRSSI,LINKQUALITYINDICATORLQI,CRC,ETC,ANDAPPENDINGTHEMTOEACHRECEIVEDPACKETTHEPACKETLOGGER/PARSERSOFTWAREINTHELAPTOPPROCESSESTHEPACKETSSENTBYTHEBASESTATION,ANDSAVESTHEMTOALOGFILEFORFURTHERANALYSISTHECOMMANDSENDERINTHELAPTOPCANBEUSEDTOISSUECOMMANDSTOADJUSTTHEPARAMETERSOFSENSORNODESSUCHASTRANSMITTINGPOWER,PACKETSENDINGRATE,ETCTHEFIRMWAREOFSENSORNODESANDTHEBASESTATIONISBASEDONTINYOS11153TINYOSISANOPENSOURCECOMPONENTBASEDOPERATINGSYSTEMANDPLATFORMTARGETINGWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKSOURIMPLEMENTATIONSUSEVARIOUSAPIANDLIBRARIESPROVIDEDBYTINYOS1424403537/07/25002007IEEETHISFULLTEXTPAPERWASPEERREVIEWEDATTHEDIRECTIONOFIEEECOMMUNICATIONSSOCIETYSUBJECTMATTEREXPERTSFORPUBLICATIONINTHEICC2007PROCEEDINGSTABLEICROSSBOWMPR2400MICAZSPECIFICATIONTABLEIIIEXPERIMENTALSCENARIOSPARAMETERVALUE/DESCRIPTIONPROCESSORATMEGA128LPROCESSORRADIOCHIPCHIPCONCC2420RADIOOPERATINGFREQUENCY24GHZEFFECTIVEDATARATE250KB/SMODULATIONFORMATOFFSETQUADRATUREPHASESHIFTKEYINGOQPSKSCENARIONOLOCATIONDRIVERENGINE1MAINTENANCEGARAGEPRESENTON2MAINTENANCEGARAGENOTPRESENTOFF3CORPORATEPARKINGLOTPRESENTON4CORPORATEPARKINGLOTNOTPRESENTOFF5ONTHEROADPRESENTONTABLEIISENSORNODELOCATIONSINTHECARNODENOLOCATIONBEMBEDDEDINTHEINSTRUMENTPANEL,NEXTTOTHEVENT6ONTHEDASHBOARD,NEXTTOTHELIGHTSENSOR7ONTHERIGHTSIDEOFTHETRUNK,NEXTTOTHESTABILITYACTUATOR1INTHEENGINECOMPARTMENT,NEXTTOTHEFUSEBOX0INFRONTOFTHERADIATOR,BETWEENTHETEMPERATURESENSORANDTHEAIRQUALITYSENSORCSENSORNODELOCATIONSTHEVEHICLEUSEDINTHEEXPERIMENTISAGENERALMOTORS2005CADILLACSTSFIGURE2ANDTABLEIISHOWTHELOCATIONSOFTHESENSORNODESASWELLASTHEBASESTATIONINTHEVEHICLEDEXPERIMENTALSCENARIOSWEPERFORMEDDIFFERENTEXPERIMENTSUNDERVARIOUSSCENARIOSSHOWNINTABLEIIITHEDETAILSOFTHESESCENARIOSAREDISCUSSEDINTHEFOLLOWING1LOCATIONAMAINTENANCEGARAGETHISISSIMILARTOTHESERVICEDEPOTOFAREGULARCARDEALERTECHNICIANSWALKBYFREQUENTLYANDSEVERALOTHERCARSAREPARKEDNEARBYTHEREAREALOTOFSERVICEEQUIPMENTSINTHEGARAGEBCORPORATEPARKINGLOTTHISISAREGULARCORPORATEPARKINGLOTTHETESTVEHICLEWASPARKEDINONEOFTHEPARKINGSPACEANDSURROUNDEDBYOTHERCARSPEDESTRIANSPASSEDBYTHETESTVEHICLESOMETIMESFIG2SENSORNODELOCATIONSINTHECARTHENUMBERSINTHECIRCLESARESHOWINGTHENUMBEROFTHESENSORNODESEETABLEIIFORDESCRIPTIONSNEARBYVEHICLESSOMETIMESMOVEDINOROUTOFTHEPARKINGLOTCROADTHISISTHEDRIVINGSCENARIOTHECARWASDRIVENONTHEHIGHWAYMOSTOFTHETIMEANDSOMETIMESONLARGEMULTIPLELANELOCALROADS2DRIVERIN“DRIVERPRESENT”SCENARIOS,THEDRIVERWASSITTINGINTHECARANDHASFREQUENTMOVEMENTS,SUCHASOPERATINGA/C,RADIO,STEERINGWHEEL,ETCIN“DRIVERNOTPRESENT”SCENARIOS,THEDRIVERSSEATWASEMPTY3ENGINEIN“ENGINEON”SCENARIOS,THEENGINEWASSTARTEDANDKEPTRUNNINGTHROUGHOUTTHEWHOLEMEASUREMENTTHEAIRCONDITIONERANDTHERADIOINTHEVEHICLEWEREALSOTURNEDONIN“ENGINEOFF”SCENARIOS,THEENGINEWASTURNEDOFFNOTINTHEACCESSORYMODEANDTHEKEYWASREMOVEDFROMTHEVEHICLEECOMMUNICATIONPARAMETERSTRANSMITTINGPOWERINTHEEXPERIMENT,WESETTHETRANSMITTINGPOWEROFTHESENSORNODESTOBEAT5DIFFERENTLEVELS0,5,10,15,AND25DBMTHETRANSMITTINGPOWEROFTHEBASESTATIONWASFIXEDAT0DBMTHEBASESTATIONONLYTRANSMITSWHENSENDINGCOMMANDSTOSENSORNODESPACKETSENDINGRATEWECONFIGUREDTHESENSORNODETOSENDASENSORPACKETEVERY100MSTHISSENDINGRATEISSUFFICIENTFORNONSAFETYSENSORSINTHEVEHICLECHANNELSELECTIONTHEPHYSICALLAYERSTANDARDOFMICAZNODESFOLLOWSIEEE802154STANDARD4SINCE80211B/GDEVICESARETHEMOSTCOMMONDEVICESIN24GHZISMBANDANDARELIKELYTOCREATEALOTOFINTERFERENCE,WESELECTACHANNELTHATISAWAYFROMTHEBANDWIDTHOCCUPIEDBY80211B/GSTANDARDTHEBANDWIDTHUSEDBY80211B/GAND802154DEVICESARE3MHZAND22MHZ,RESPECTIVELYINOUREXPERIMENT,WECONFIGUREDTHESENSORNODESTOUSECHANNEL262480MHZTOAVOIDINTERFERENCEFROM80211B/GDEVICESINTHISCASE,THECLOSEST80211B/GCHANNELISCHANNEL112462MHZANDDOESNOTOVERLAPWITHOUR802154CHANNELPACKETFORMATFIGURE3SHOWSTHESENSORPACKETFORMATUSEDINTHEEXPERIMENTTHETOTALSIZEOFMACPROTOCOLDATAUNITMPDUPLUSTHEFRAMELENGTHFIELDIS31BYTESNOTETHATMOSTOFTHEFIELDSINTHEAPPLICATIONLEVELPAYLOADAREUSEDTORECORDTHEINFORMATIONFORTHEEXPERIMENTSFOREXAMPLE,WEUSED12BYTESTORECORDTHESENSORINFORMATION,ASWELLAS1BYTEEACHTORECORDTRANSMITTINGPOWERANDVERSIONNUMBEROFTHEFIRMWARETHESIZEOFTHESENSORPACKETCANBEREDUCEDBYREMOVINGTHISFULLTEXTPAPERWASPEERREVIEWEDATTHEDIRECTIONOFIEEECOMMUNICATIONSSOCIETYSUBJECTMATTEREXPERTSFORPUBLICATIONINTHEICC2007PROCEEDINGSFIG3SENSORPACKETFORMATTHENUMBERABOVEEACHFIELDREPRESENTTHESIZEOFTHEFIELDINBYTE5UNNECESSARYFIELDSANDRESULTSINALOWERPACKETERRORRATEDEPENDINGONAPPLICATIONS,THESIZEOFTHESENSORINFORMATIONFIELDCANALSOBEREDUCEDNODETRANSMISSIONSINTHEEXPERIMENTSCONDUCTED,ONLYONEOFTHESENSORNODESTRANSMITTEDATATIMEWEUSEDTHISSETTINGTOAVOIDINTERFERENCEFROMOTHERSENSORNODESANDFOCUSONMEASURINGTHELINKQUALITYMACRELATEDPARAMETERSINTHEEXPERIMENT,WEDISABLEDTHEAUTOMATICACKFEATURE,ASWELLASTHERETRANSMISSIONSTHESENSORNODESUSEAMACPROTOCOLSIMILARTOTHECARCYCLICREDUNDANCYCHECKCRCFIELDCHIPCONCC2420RADIOCHIPHASAUTOMATICCRCCHECKINGCAPABILITYANDTINYOSHASACRCFIELDINITSRADIOPACKETINDICATINGWHETHERTHEPACKETRECEIVEDPASSTHECRCCHECKINGTHECRCSCHEMEUSEDINCC2420ISCRC16ITUTGDEFINITIONSOFMETRICSINTHISSUBSECTION,WEDEFINETHEMETRICSUSEDLATERFIRSTWEDEFINETHEFOLLOWINGVARIABLESG全THENUMBEROFPACKETSRECEIVEDBYTHEBASESTATIONANDPASSEDTHECRCCHECKLE全THENUMBEROFPACKETSRECEIVEDBYTHEBASESTATIONANDEITHERTHELENGTHOFTHEPACKETORTHETYPEOFTHEPACKETINDICATEDBYTHETYPEFIELDWASNOTCORRECTCE全THENUMBEROFPACKETSRECEIVEDBYTHEBASESTATIONANDFAILEDTHECRCCHECKA全THETOTALNUMBEROFPACKETSTRANSMITTEDNOTETHATOURPACKETPARSERWILLFIRSTDETECTLENGTH/TYPEERRORSIFTHELENGTH/TYPEOFTHEPACKETISNOTCORRECT,ITWILLBEPUTINTOLECATEGORYTHECRCFIELDOFTHESEPACKETSMIGHTINDICATETHATITISINERROR,BUTTHESEWILLNOTBEINCLUDEDINCENOWWEDEFINETHEFOLLOWINGERRORRELATEDPERFORMANCEMETRICSUSINGTHEABOVEVARIABLESPACKETRECEPTIONRATEPRRGLECERIERSENSEMULTIPLEACCESSCSMAUSEDIN80211B/G,INWHICHITWILLWAITUNTILTHECHANNELISCLEARPERFORMCLEARCHANNELASSESSMENTANDTHENSTARTTRANSMITTINGPRRPACKETERRORRATEPER1ADATACOLLECTIONFOREACHSCENARIO/TRANSMITTINGPOWER/SENSORNODE,WECONFIGUREDTHESENSORNODETOTRANSMIT6000SENSORPACKETS,WHICHTOOK10MINUTESTHETOTALTIMETOCOMPLETETHEDATACOLLECTINGPROCESSGOODPUTPERLECEGLECEG2FOREACHSCENARIOWASAROUND200MINUTESFOBSERVABLEENTITIESTHEFOLLOWINGDESCRIBESVARIOUSOBSERVABLEENTITIESRECORDEDBYTHEBASESTATIONLINKQUALITYINDICATORLQILQIISCALCULATEDBYCHIPCONCC2420RADIOCHIPANDISACTUALLYCHIPCORRELATIONINDICATORCCIITISRELATEDTOTHECHIPERRORRATELQIRANGESFROM50TO110ANDISCALCULATEDOVER8BITSFOLLOWINGTHESTARTFRAMEDELIMITERRECEIVEDSIGNALSTRENGTHINDICATORRSSIRSSIISMEASUREDBYCHIPCONCC2420RADIOCHIPANDREPRESENTSTHEAMOUNTOFENERGYRECEIVEDBYTHESENSORNODEACCORDINGTO5,RSSIHASARANGEFROM100DBMTO0DBMANDTHEMAXIMUMERRORACCURACYIS6DBTHERSSIISCALCULATEDOVER8SYMBOLPERIODSSEQUENCENUMBERINTHESENSORDATAPACKET,THEREISANAPPLICATIONLEVELSEQUENCENUMBERFIELDWHICHWILLBEINCREASEDEACHTIMETHESENSORNODESENDSOUTAPACKETTHISCANBEUSEDBYTHEBASESTATIONTODETECTALOSTPACKETGOODPUT3AHEXPERIMENTFORUNDERSTANDINGTHEIMPACTOFBLUETOOTHTOSTUDYHOWTHEEXISTENCEOFANINTERFERENCESOURCECANIMPACTTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHEZIGBEESENSORNODES,WEUSEDTHEINTEGRATEDBLUETOOTHHANDSFREEINTHECADILLACANDAMOTOROLARAZRV3CELLPHONETOCREATEINTERFERENCEWEPERFORMEDTHEEXPERIMENTWITHANDWITHOUTTHEBLUETOOTHINTERFERENCEINSCENARIONO3INTABLEIIIWITHLIMITEDBLUETOOTHDATASETEACHNODETRANSMITTEDUSINGONLYONETRANSMITTINGPOWERSETTINGINTHEEXPERIMENTWITHBLUETOOTHINTERFERENCE,THECELLPHONEWASUSEDTOPLACEAPHONECALLANDMAINTAINABLUETOOTHCONNECTIONWITHTHEHANDSFREEDURINGTHEWHOLEEXPERIMENTPERIODTHEBLUETOOTHPROTOCOLUSESAFREQUENCYHOPPINGSPREADSPECTRUMFHSSMECHANISMITHOPSTOONEOFTHEAVAILABLECHANNELSEVERY0625MSACCORDINGTOAHOPPINGSEQUENCESPECIFIEDBYTHEMASTERNODETHEBLUETOOTHSTANDARDUSEDINUSHAS791MHZWIDECHANNELSSPREADFROM2402MHZTO2480MHZHENCE,THELASTTWOCHANNELSWILLOVERLAPWITHTHE802154CHANNEL2479MHZUSEDINOUREXPERIMENTANDWILLCREATEINTERFERENCETOTHESENSORNODESTHISFULLTEXTPAPERWASPEERREVIEWEDATTHEDIRECTIONOFIEEECOMMUNICATIONSSOCIETYSUBJECTMATTEREXPERTSFORPUBLICATIONINTHEICC2007PROCEEDINGS1009080706050403025201510505TRANSMITTINGPOWERDBMFIG4CHANNELLOSSOFTHECHANNELSTOALLSENSORNODESTHEERRORBARSSHOWONESTANDARDDEVIATIONFROMTHEMEANIIIEXPERIMENTALRESULTSANDDISCUSSIONINTHISSECTION,WEPRESENTTHEEXPERIMENTALRESULTSANDDISCUSSTHEIMPLICATIONSOFTHESERESULTSACHANNELLOSSTHEATTENUATIONOFSIGNALSTRENGTHEXPERIENCEDASTHESIGNALPROPAGATESFROMTHETRANSMITTERANTENNATOTHERECEIVERANTENNAISREFERREDTOASCHANNELLOSSANDITISTYPICALLYMEASUREDINDECIBELSDBCLDBPTRANSMITTEDPRECEIVED4NOTETHATCLINCLUDESTHEANTENNAGAINSTHECHANNELLOSSDEPENDSONACOMPLEXSETOFFACTORS,INCLUDINGTHEDISTANCEBETWEENTHETRANSMITTERRECEIVERPAIRANDTHETYPEOFMEDIUMALONGTHEPATHBETWEENTHETRANSMITTERANDTHERECEIVERTHELOCATIONOFEACHOFOURWIRELESSSENSORSIDENTIFIESACHANNELBETWEENTHEBASESTATIONNODEANDTHECORRESPONDINGWIRELESSSENSORNODEASSEENINFIGURE4,THEBESTCHANNELAMONGTHEFOURTHATWEREMEASUREDINOUREXPERIMENTSISTHECHANNELTONODE6ONTHEDASHBOARDNEXTTOTHETWILIGHTSENSORWHEREASTHEWORSTCHANNELHASBEENOBSERVEDASTHECHANNELTONODE0INFRONTOFTHERADIATORBETWEENTHEAIRQUALITYSENSORANDTHEAMBIENTTEMPERATURESENSORSINCEWEFIXTHELOCATIONSOFOURWIRELESSSENSORNODES,IDEALLYTHECHANNELLOSSCURVESHOULDBEAFLATLINEINDEPENDENTFROMTHETRANSMITTINGPOWERFOREACHCHANNELHOWEVER,ITCANBEOBSERVEDFROMOURRESULTSTHATFORLOWTRANSMITPOWERVALUES,ESPECIALLYFORTHECHANNELTONODE0,CHANNELLOSSSEEMSTOBEDECREASINGSUCHARESULTAPPEARSTOBECOUNTERINTUITIVE,HOWEVERACAREFULCONSIDERATIONOFTHECIRCUMSTANCESREVEALSTHATIFTHECHANNELLOSSISLARGEANDTRANSMITTINGPOWERLEVELISSUFFICIENTLYLOW,THERECEIVEDPOWERLEVELWILLBELOWERTHANTHERECEIVESENSITIVITYOFTHERECEIVERHARDWAREMOSTOFTHETIMEANDWILLNOTBERECEIVEDSUCCESSFULLYWITHOUTTHESEHIGHCHANNELLOSSPACKETS,THEAVERAGECHANNELLOSSISHIGHERTHANTHEEXPECTEDVALUEOBSERVEFROMFIGURE4THATINSUFFICIENTAMOUNTOFDATAANDSTATISTICALEFFECTSRESULTINSOMEVARIATIONSOFTHECHANNELLOSSCURVES,ASOPPOSEDTOPERFECTLYFLATLINESBERRORMETRICSANDRSSIPROFILESTHERECEIVESENSITIVITYOFTHERADIOCHIPINTHESENSORNODESIS95DBMTYPICALAND90DBMMINIMUM,ASSPECIFIEDBY5THESENSITIVITYCORRESPONDSTOTHEMINIMUMRECEIVEDSIGNALSTRENGTHBEYONDWHICHTHEPACKETERRORRATEEXCEEDS1,ASDEFINEDIN4TOSTUDYTHERELATIONBETWEENVARIOUSERRORMETRICSANDRSSI,WECOMPUTEDTHEPLOTSASFOLLOWSEACH6000PACKETSEQUENCEOFONESETTINGWASSPLITTOSEGMENTSOF50CONSECUTIVEPACKETSFOREACHOFTHESEGMENTS,ERRORMETRICSWERECALCULATEDOVERTHESE50PACKETS,WHICHISREPRESENTEDBYYTHEMEANOFTHERSSISOFTHESE50PACKETSWEREALSOCALCULATEDANDREPRESENTEDBYXTHENWEPLOTTHEPOINTWITHCOORDINATEX,YONTHEFIGURETOREPRESENTTHISSEGMENT,ANDREPEATTHISPROCEDUREWITHALLSEGMENTSINTHISSETTING,ANDALLTHEDATAOFOTHERSETTINGSFIGURE5AESHOWSTHEPROFILESOFPRRVERSUSRSSIFOREACHOFTHESCENARIOSFIGURE6ANDFIGURE7SHOWTHEPROFILESOF1PERANDGOODPUTVERSUSRSSI,RESPECTIVELYINFIGURE5,ONECANOBSERVETHAT,INAGREEMENTWITHTHESPECIFIEDRECEIVESENSITIVITY,THEPRRDROPSFROM1TO0WITHINTHERANGE91TO94DBMTHEOUTLIERSTHATVIOLATETHISGENERALOBSERVATIONAREDUETOEXTERNALEFFECTSSUCHASDRIVERMOVEMENTWITHINTHECABIN,INTERFERENCEFROMOTHERWIRELESSDEVICES,ETCFORINSTANCE,80211B/GACCESSPOINTSAREDEPLOYEDINTHEMAINTENANCEGARAGEINSCENARIONO1AND2,WHICHISCONFIGUREDTOOPERATEONCHANNEL11,WHICHISRATHERCLOSETOTHEFREQUENCYBANDTHEWIRELESSNODESOPERATEATASARESULTOFSUCHEFFECTS,THERECEIVESENSITIVITYBOUNDARYEXPERIENCESSLIGHTSHIFTSTOTHERIGHTOFTHEFIGURE,REPRESENTINGALESS“FRIENDLY”PROPAGATIONENVIRONMENTONECANALSOOBSERVETHATTHETRUNKDATAMANIFESTSAHIGHERLEVELOFFLUCTUATIONSMOREOUTLIERS,POSSIBLYDUETOTHERICHMULTIPATHENVIRONMENTCAUSEDBYTHEPRESENCEANDTHEMOTIONOFTHEPASSENGERALONGTHEDIRECTPATHTHATLIESBETWEENTHESENSORNODEANDTHEBASESTATIONNODEINFIGURE6,WEOBSERVETHATINSCENARIOSWHERETHEENGINEISONORTHEDRIVERISPRESENT,THEREISAHIGHERNOISELEVELWHICHLEADSTOPOORERPERPERFORMANCEWEALSOOBSERVETHATTHEREAREFEWEROUTLIERSASCOMPAREDTOTHERESULTSINFIGURE5,WHICHCOULDBEEXPLAINEDBYARELATIVELYLOWERIMPACTOFTHEDRIVERORTHEENGINENOISEONTHECORRELATIONBETWEENPERANDRSSIINFIGURE7,ONECANALSOOBSERVETHATTHEGOODPUTPERFORMANCEISGOODONLYWHENRSSIISMUCHLARGERTHANTHERECEIVEDSENSITIVITYBOUNDARYCERRORMETRICSANDLQIPROFILESINFIGURE8,WECALCULATETHEMEANXANDTHESTANDARDDEVIATIONXOFTHELQISOFTHE50PACKETSINASEGMENTTHENWEPLOTTHEPOINTSXX,YANDXX,Y,ANDCONNECTTHESETWOPOINTSWITHALINETOREPRESENTTHISSEGMENTANDREPEATTHEPROCEDUREFORALLOTHERSEGMENTSNODE6NODE7NODE1NODE0RECEIVESENSITIVITY94DBMCHANNELLOSSDBTHISFULLTEXTPAPERWASPEERREVIEWEDATTHEDIRECTIONOFIEEECOMMUNICATIONSSOCIETYSUBJECTMATTEREXPERTSFORPUBLICATIONINTHEICC2007PROCEEDINGSNODE6NODE7NODE1NODE0RECEIVESENSITIVITYNODE6NODE7NODE1NODE0RECEIVESENSITIVITYNODE6NODE7NODE1NODE0RECEIVESENSITIVITYPRRPRRPRRSCENARIO11SCENARIO21SCENARIO310808080606060404040202020100908070605040RSSIDBM0100908070605040RSSIDBM0100908070605040RSSIDBMASCENARIO1BSCENARIO2CSCENARIO3SCENARIO41SCENARIO5108080606040402020100908070605040RSSIDBM0100908070605040RSSIDBMDSCENARIO4ESCENARIO5FIG5PRRVERSUSRSSIPROFILESASSHOWNINFIGURE8,ONECANOBSERVETHATTHEVARIANCEOFEACHSEGMENT50PACKETS,WHICHISRECEIVEDINAPERIODOF5SECONDSINTHESEPLOTSISTOOLARGE,ANDHENCEWECONCLUDETHATITISDIFFICULTTOESTIMATELINKQUALITYBASEDONTHESHORTTERMAVERAGESTHATOURDATAPOINTSREPRESENT6ITSHOULDBENOTEDTHATWEOBSERVEARELATIVELYHIGHCORRELATIONBETWEENLQIANDGOODPUTBASEDONTHESEOBSERVATIONS,WECANDEVELOPARULEOFTHUMBWHICHSAYSTHATTHEGOODPUTCOULDBEUSEDASANUPPERBOUNDIFLQIISSMALLERTHANACERTAINVALUETHEGOODPUTCANNOTBEHIGHERTHANACERTAINVALUECLOSERLOOKATFIGURE8SHOWSANEXAMPLEOFSUCHACURVEBLACKDASHEDCURVEWHICHCOULDBEUSEDASTHISBOUNDINGFUNCTIONDBLUETOOTHSIMPACTFIGURE9COMPARESTHEGOODPUTPERFORMANCEWITHANDWITHOUTTHEBLUETOOTHINTERFERENCEASEXPECTED,BLUETOOTHINTERFERENCEHASABIGIMPACTONTHEGOODPUTPERFORMANCETOALLNODESANDTHEGOODPUTSDECREASEBY340,DEPENDINGONTHEINDIVIDUALNODEANDRECEIVEDPOWERONECANALSOOBSERVETHATTHEIMPACTONGOODPUTISLARGERONNODESWHICHHAVEPOORERCHANNELQUALITYTHANOTHERSIVDETECTIONALGORITHMANDADAPTIVESTRATEGYEXISTINGSTUDIESINTHEOPENLITERATUREOFWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKUSUALLYCONCENTRATEONHOWTOUSEVARIOUSOBSERVABLE10908070605040302010969492908886848280RSSIDBMFIG61PERVERSUSRSSIPROFILETHEFITTEDCURVESINTHEFIGUREREPRESENTTHEORETICAL1PERCURVESWITHADDITIVEWHITEGAUSSIANNOISEAWGNTHECURVEFITTINGISDONETOGETTHEBESTFITWITHRESPECTTOTHEAWGNENTITIESSUCHASRSSITOEVALUATETHELINKQUALITYANDCHOOSEONEOFTHEAVAILABLEROUTESORLINKSBASEDONTHELINKQUALITYEVALUATIONINOUREXPERIMENT,WEASSUMETHATSTARTOPOLOGYISUSEDFORTHEWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKINCARSEACHNODEHASONLYONEAVAILABLEROUTE/LINKTOTHEBASESTATIONHENCE,INSTEADOFCHOOSINGABETTERROUTE/LINK,THESENSORNODENEEDNODE6NODE7NODE1NODE0RECEIVE
- 温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。
川公网安备: 51019002004831号