外文翻译--远程教育与虚拟实验室.doc

DistanceEducationandVirtualLaboratoriesTherapiddevelopmentofInternettechnologyanditswiderangeofapplications,makingitthecarrierofallkindsofinformation.Internetvirtuallaboratoryhasbecomethenew21stcenturymodelofdistanceeducation,muchattentioninthereformoftraditionalteachingmethods,education,resourcesharing,toimprovethestandardofteachingintheareasofconservationinvestmentineducationisimportant.Keywords:Internet,Distanceeducationvirtual,LaboratoryIntroductionDistanceeducationistoovercomethetraditionalface-to-facemodeofeducationforcertaindeficiencies(enrollmentislimited,inflexibleteachingmethods,education,wasteofmoney,etc.)anewmodeofeducation.Thefirstlong-distanceeducationisdistanceeducation；thenaradiostationfrombroadcastingtheUniversityofthedisseminationofinformation；whenthepopularityoftelevision,theTVUniversitycameintobeing.OfthethreemethodsofdistanceeducationtothebestteachingmethodsandTV.Notonlycanhearthevoices,andimagescanbeseen.Inrecentyears,ascomputertechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofcommunicationtechnology,therehasbeeneducationmultimediasystems.Inlessthan20years,theInternetintheworldhaveachievedrapiddevelopmentintheworldtodayhasbecomethelargestcoverage,informationresources,themostabundantcomputerinformationnetwork.Distanceeducationasthekey-theteachingofinformationtransmission,theInternetnodoubthasaclearadvantage.VirtuallaboratoryisbasedonInternet-basedontheinformationcarrier,anditspeoplehavedemonstratedtotheinformationage,anewwayofeducationandscientificresearch.FuturedevelopmentofeducationinthemainstreamCorrespondence,radio,televisionandotherdistancelearningmodes,allthefeaturesontheInternetcanberealizedeasily.AslongastheestablishmentofaneducationalWebsite,userswillnotlongerbesubjecttotimerestrictions,visittheeducationwebsitewillbeabletoreceivelong-distanceeducation.ButnotlimitedtogivefullexpressiontotheInternettodisseminatethemessageofapowerfulfeature.Internet-basedvirtuallaboratorytheemergenceofdistanceeducationwillbeelevatedtoahigherlevel.VirtualLab(VirtualLaboratory)theconceptoftheUniversityofVirginiabytheUnitedStates(UniversityofVirginia)WilliamWolf(WilliamWolf)Professorin1989,firstputforward,anditdescribesacomputernetwork-basedvirtuallaboratoryenvironmenttoindifferenttoolstobuildanintegratedinformationandtechnology,network-basedintegratedenvironment.Inthisenvironment,userscanveryeffectivelyuseavarietyoftheworlddistributionofdata,information,apparatus,equipmentandhumanresources.VirtualLaboratoryoftheoriginalmadeforthepurposeoffacilitatingscientificresearch,theresearchersengagedinresearchontheremotecanwork:theuseofinstrumentsandequipment,shareddataresources,suchastheexchangeofinformation.VirtualLaboratoryinessenceisadistributedcomputersystem,inwhichthesystemisequippedwithremotecontrol,remotesensingstudyofthecapacityofthenetworkequipmentanddataacquisitionplatformforcollaborativeactivitiessupportavarietyoftools,builttosupportdatasharingDigitalLibrary.Differentprofessionaldisciplineshavetheirownvirtuallaboratorycharacteristics.Butwhetheritisavirtuallaboratoryprofessionaldisciplinesarebytheirrespectivevirtualmachines(VirtualInstrumentation),composedof.Virtualinstrumentistheprocessthroughtheapplicationofcomputerhardwareandfunctioncombineuser-friendlygraphicalinterfacetooperatecomputers,therebycompletingtheobjectofthetestdatacollection,analysisandjudgments,suchasdisplayanddatastorage.Virtualinstrumentcomparedwiththetraditionalinstruments,hasitssideofthesame,anddifferentside.Thesamepoint:thevirtualmachineswiththesamethreemainfunctions,namely,datacollection,dataanalysis,resultsshowed.Virtualinstrumentsinatransparentmannertocomputerresourcesandequipmentmonitoringandcontrolhardwarecombinedwiththeabilitytorealizethefunctionoftheoperationofequipment.Withthetraditionalinstrumentsisdifferent:inagivencomputingcapacityandthenecessaryhardwareequipment,thestructureanduseofvirtualinstrumenttechnologyisthekeytosoftware,softwarethatequipment.Tosumup,thevirtualinstrumentisdefinedbytheusersown,afreecombinationofcomputingplatforms,hardware,softwareandcompletesystemcomposedofthenecessaryannexes.Virtualinstrumentisafunctionofthecharacteristicsoffixedseparationbetweenthetraditionalinstrumentsarenotavailable.ThedevelopmentofvirtuallaboratoriesinthestatusquoathomeandabroadPutforwardtheconceptofvirtuallaboratorymorethanadecadesincetheonlytime,butbecauseoftheirattractiveapplicationprospectsindevelopingcountries,someprogresshasbeenmade.Atpresent,thevirtuallaboratoryhasbeenverycommonindevelopedcountries.UnitedStates,astodaysscientificandtechnologicalpower,inordertocontinuetomaintainitsscienceandtechnologyinthefieldofleadership,withparticularemphasisoninformationtechnologyresearchandhasbeenavirtuallaboratoryforresearchanddevelopmentintheirstrategicplanning.Attheendof1991,theUnitedStatesScienceFoundation,theUnitedStates-ownedNationalCouncilforScientificResearchAdvisoryBoardoftheDepartmentofComputerandTelecommunicationssetupanational(scientific)tolaboratorycommitteeofscientistswhosemissionistosurveytheneedsofinformationtechnologytocoordinateresearchcooperativerelations,organizationandimplementationofspecificinformationtechnologydevelopment.Sincethen.Asfirstproposedtheconceptofvirtuallaboratory,andhasstrongtechnologicalstrengthandstrongfinancialresourcesoftheUnitedStates,fromtheverybeginningattachedgreatimportancetoresearchanddevelopmentofvirtuallaboratories,researchinthisfieldhasaleadingposition.VirtualinstrumentsystemanditsgraphicalprogramminglanguagehasbecomeascienceandengineeringstudentsoftheUniversityofarequiredcourse,anditspopularityisquiteextensive.Someforeignuniversitieshavesetuparemotevirtuallaboratory.UniversityofHannover,Germany,establishedavirtuallabautomation；SpaineDepartmentoftheUniversityhasdevelopedavirtualplatformofelectronicequipment；Italypawanumberofuniversitieshaveestablisheddistanceeducationvirtuallaboratories；NationalUniversityofSingaporehasdevelopedaremoteoscilloscopeexperimentexperimentsandpressurevessels.,thefeaturesofvirtuallaboratoryVirtuallaboratorycannotbecomparedwithtraditionallaboratoryfeaturestodetermineitsscientificresearch,education(especiallylong-distanceeducation)inagoodapplicationprospects.(1)TransparencyVirtualLaboratoryforalldatabases,hardware,orevenintegratedintoasystemstaff,usingthestandardfunctionsofaunifiedcommandtoachievetheservice,whichdeterminesthetransparencyofthestructureofthetransparentcharacteristicsofvirtuallaboratory.(2)SharedresourcesTheestablishmentofavirtuallaboratoryisoneofthepurposesofresourcesharinginordertodoso.Tothisend,theneedtoestablishaunifiedstandardinquirye-libraries,databases,intelligentretrievalsystem,databaseandotherapplicationsoftware,userscansharedata,software,hardwareandotherrelatedresources.Thisfeaturecanreduceduplicationofinvestment,asignificantinvestmentcostsavings.(3)InteractioninteroperabilityOncethevirtuallaboratory,openingup,thatis,interactive,remoteuserscanoperatethesamelocallaboratoryandatthesametimetheexchangeofinformationbetweenusers.Remoteusersisrequiredtoopenaseriesofhardwareandsoftwaresupport,theyareanintegralpartoftheVirtualLaboratory.(4)UserautonomyUserscandeveloptheirownvirtualinstrumentusedinawaythatallowsuserstotakethenecessarymeasurestoprotecttheirdata,information,theuserhassufficientautonomy.(5)ExpansionIntodaysinformationage,theveryrapidrateofknowledgeupdate,new,betterperformanceoftheinstrumentsandequipmentupdatecyclebecomingshorterandshorter.Therefore,thevirtuallaboratorymustbekeptuptodatehardwareandsoftwaretoupgradeatanytime,theservicefunctionatanytimetoincreasetheperformanceofvirtuallaboratorymusthavetheupgrade,theservicefunctionsofthecharacteristicsofincreased.远程教育与虚拟实验室因特网技术的迅速发展及其广泛的应用,使之成为各种信息的载体。因特网虚拟实验室已成为21世纪新型的远程教育模式,备受人们的重视,在改革传统教学方法、教育资源共享、提高教学水平、节约教育投资等方面具有重要意义。关键词:虚拟实验室远程教育因特网一、引言远程教育是为克服传统的面对面教育模式的某些不足(招生人数有限、教育方法不灵活、教育资金浪费等)而产生的一种新型教育模式。最初的远程教育是函授教育；此后出现了由广播电台传播信息的广播大学；当电视普及以后，电视大学应运而生。在上述三种远程教育方法中，以电视大学的教学方式最优。不仅能听到声音，而且可以看到图像。近些年来，随着计算机技术与通信技术的迅速发展，出现了教育多媒体系统，它能够交互地同时处理、传输、管理文本、图形、图像、语言、视频、动画等多种形式的信息。多媒体远程教育系统在一定程度上弥补了电视大学的某些不足，但仍不能实现实验操作。网上虚拟实验室的出现，使远程教育更趋完善，为教育发展史写下了光辉的一页。在不足20年时间里，因特网在全球得到了迅速发展，已成为当今世界上覆盖面最大、信息资源最丰富的计算机信息网络。作为远程教育的关键-教学信息的传递，因特网无疑具有明显的优势。虚拟实验室正是建立在以因特网为信息载体的基础上，它的产生向人们展示了信息时代一种全新的教育方式和科学研究方式。二、虚拟实验室是今后高层次远程教育的发展主流函授、广播、电视等远程教育模式的所有功能，在因特网上均能轻易实现。只要建立一个教育网站，用户就不再受时空的限制，访问教育网站就能够接受到远程教育。但仅限于此还不能充分体现出因特网强大的信息传递功能。基于因特网的虚拟实验室的出现，将远程教育提升到更高的层次上。虚拟实验室(VirtualLaboratory)概念，是由美国弗吉尼亚大学(UniversityofVirginia)的威廉沃尔夫(Will