初中英语音标教学

初中英语国际标准音标练习前元音4个IIE后元音5个UU单元音12个中元音3个合口双元音5个EIUAIAUI元音20个双元音8个集中双元音3个IU清辅音11个PTKFSTTRTSHBDGVZDDRDZL辅音28个浊辅音17个MNJWR/I/BEE/BI/FEET/FIT/KEEP/KIP/KEY/KI/TEAM/TIM/MEET/MIT/I/IT/IT/BIG/BIG/CITY/SITI/GIVE/GIV/SICK/SIK/E/GET/GET/BEST/BEST/TEXT/TEKST/HELP/HELP/FAT/FT/HAVE/HV/CAT/KT/BACK/BK/HAT/HT/A/LAUGH/LAF/GLASS/GLAS/HALF/HAF/FARM/FAM/PARK/PAK/HORSE/HS/SAW/S/CORN/KN/COURSE/KS/SALT/ST/DOG/DG/POT/PT/COST/KST/WHAT/WT/HONEST/NIST/U/FOOD/FUD/MOON/MUN/RULE/RUL/LOOSE/LUS/NOON/NUN/U/BOOK/BUK/PUT/PUT/GOOD/GUD/WOULD/WUD/COULD/KUD/MUST/MST/DOES/DZ/MONEY/MNI/UGLY/GLI/COME/KM/NURSE/NS/BIRD/BD/BURN/BN/TURN/TN/GIRL/GL/BETTER/BET/NEVER/NEV/WORKER/WK/WELCOME/WELKM/EI/MAY/MEI/NAME/NEIM/GAME/GEIM/EIGHT/EIT/AGE/EID/U/NO/NU/HOME/HUM/HOPE/HUP/WROTE/RUT/NOTE/NUT/POSE/PUZ/AI/EYE/AI/TIME/TAIM/BUY/BAI/RIGHT/RAIT/BIKE/BAIK/KITE/KAIT/AU/NOW/NAU/OUT/AUT/HOW/HAU/ABOUT/BAUT/SOUTH/SAU/HOUSE/HAUS/I/BOY/BI/TOY/TI/NOISE/NIZ/VOICE/VIS/POINT/PINT/COIN/KIN/I/EAR/I/NEAR/NI/IDEA/AIDI/HEAR/HI/MERE/MI/SPEAR/SPI/AIR/TEAR/T/CARE/K/DARE/D/FAIR/F/THERE/U/TOUR/TU/POOR/PU/SURE/U/MOOR/MU/停泊YOUR/JU/P/PEA/PI/PIE/PAI/TOP/TP/CAP/KP/PEOPLE/PIPL/PRIDE/PRAID/B/BEE/BI/BY/BAI/BUY/BAI/BLACK/BLK/BEAR/B/T/LET/LET/SAT/ST/FEET/FIT/TEAM/TIM/TIDE/TAID/D/LED/LED/SAD/SD/FEED/FID/DO/DU/DEAR/DI/K/LACK/LK/TAKE/TEIK/CLOCK/KLK/CLASS/KLAS/WEEKEND/WIKEND/G/BIG/BIG/LAG/LG/GLASS/GLAS/GUM/GM/GOOD/GUD/GUEST/GEST/F/FACE/FEIS/FAST/FAST/LEAF/LIF/SURF/SF/FAVORITE/FEIVRIT/V/VERY/VERI/FIVE/FAIV/FEVER/FIV/SERVE/SV/NEVER/NEV/BATH/BA/V洗澡THICK/IK/MOUTH/MAU/BREATH/BRE/N呼吸THOUGHT/T/AUTHOR/TRUTH/TRU/THE/THEY/EI/THAT/T/MOTHER/M/THUS/S/THEN/EN/S/FACE/FEIS/MOUSE/MAUS/CAKES/KEIKS/CAPS/KPS/LIKES/LAIKS/STOPS/STPS/Z/CLOSE/KLUZ/KEYS/KIZ/BOYS/BIZ/PENS/PENZ/HALVES/HAVZ/T/CATCH/KT/CHEEP/TIP/RICH/RIT/WATCH/WT/CHILD/TAILD/QUESTION/KWESTN/TEACH/TIT/CHALLENGE/TLIND/D/ORANGE/RID/LARGE/LAD/JUICE/DUS/JOB/DB/TR/TREE/TRI/TRY/TRAI/TRUE/TRU/TROUBLE/TRAUBL/TRACK/TRK/DR/DRY/DRAI/DREAM/DRIM/DRESS/DRES/DRINK/DRIK/HUNDRED/HNDRID/SHE/I/SHARP/AP/FISH/FI/SHOCK/K/SHOE/U/PLEASURE/PLE/MEASURE/ME/TELEVISION/TELIVIN/TS/LETS/LETS/SPORTS/SPTS/PUTS/PUTS/WRITES/RAITS/SEATS/SITS/DZ/HANDS/HNDZ/BIRDS/BDZ/FRIENDS/FREINDZ/BEDS/BEDZ/STANDS/STNDZ/H/HE/HI/HARD/HAD/HIM/HIM/HEARD/HD/HALF/HAF/L/LIKE/LAIK/LATE/LEIT/LEARN/LN/LEAD/LID/LIGHT/LAIT/M/MY/MAI/MORE/M/SEEM/SIM/MEAT/MIT/MIND/MAIND/MEN/MEN/N/NICE/NAIS/WIND/WAIND/MIND/MAIND/RAIN/REIN/FINE/FAIN/SING/SI/WING/WI/RING/RI/LONG/L/BEAUTIFUL/BJUTFL/J/YOU/JU/FEW/FJU/YARD/JAD/MUSIC/MJUZIK/STUDENT/STJUDNT/EXCUSE/IKSKJUZ/W/WORK/WK/WAY/WEI/WELL/WEL/WHAT/WT/TWELVE/TWELV/TWIN/TWIN/R/RED/RED/ROAD/RUD/WRITE/RAIT/WRONG/R/PROBLEM/PRBLM/音标综合练习1/I/I/E/BIT/WIK/DIL/RIL/KID/DIG/KWIK/TIP/ZIP/RID/WIL/FIL/BITWEEKDEALREALKIDDIGQUICKTIPZIPRIDWILLFILL/PET/PK/GP/KG/NG/RM/BTL/SED/HPI/TEN/RED/PETPACKGAPCAPNAGRAMBATTLESAIDHAPPYTENRED/SETL/TR/DIPEND/SETTLETRASHDEPEND2/A/U/U/ASK/MASK/PAST/FRANS/D/LN/NT/PZ/FKS/SK/ASKMASKPASTFRANCEODDLAWNNAUGHTPAUSEFOXSOCK/FA/LAD/MAK/LD/T/STM/PT/KRP/T/PRMIS/FARLARGEMARKLORDTORCHSTORMPOTCROPTHOUGHTPROMISE/HUK/LUS/SUT/TUK/MUD/RU/PUL/WUD/HOOKLOOSESOOTTOOKMOODTHROUGHPULLWOOD3/BZ/DL/HRI/GLF/TRBL/N/SF/TN/BEG/TK/BUSSDULLHURRYGULFTROUBLEEARNSURFTURNERBEGGERTUCK/KB/K/MERIK/SK/KMP/SVEI/PVEID/PHPS/CURBIRKAMERICASOCCERCAMPERSURVEYPERVADEPERHAPS/BLESK/MD/BURLESQUEMURDER3/EI/U/AI/AU/I/KEIP/GREIT/MEIN/PRPUZ/MUN/STUN/UV/SAIT/KAPEGREATMAINPROPOSEMOTIONSTONEOVERSIGHT/RAIM/DAUT/TAIPIST/AUST/MIST/IST/RHYMEDOUBTTYPISTOUSTMOISTOYSTER4/I/U/VI/F/D/SK/BUN/GUD/RURL/PI/KLMBI/VEERAFFAIRDARESCAREBOURNGOURDRURALAPPEARCOLOMBIA/MTIRIL/MISTIRIS/MATERIALMYSTERIOUS5/MN/IF/T/N/FEI/TGE/K/MSELVZ/MONTHTHIEFTHATTHANFAITHTOGETHERTHANKTHEMSELVES元音音素/I/【衣发长点】/I/【衣急促地发声】/E/【哎发这个音的时候不要把“哎”的给读出来，嘴唇放松自然地读】/【哎发这个音的时候不要把“哎”的给读出来，嘴唇扁平地发】/【额发长音】/【额发短音】/【阿嘴巴微微地张开发出这个音就可以了】/A/【啊嘴巴长到最大】/【哦急促】/【哦声音拖长】/U/【乌急促】/U/【乌声音拖长】/EI/【有点像答应人的“诶”的声音】/AI/【唉】/I/【哦喂连着读】/U/【呕】/AU/【傲】/I/【衣饿连着读】/【哎饿连着读】/U/【乌饿连着读】辅音音素/P/【普不要把给发出来，轻音】/B/【不不要把给发出来，浊音】/T/【特不要把给发出来，轻音】/D/【得不要把给发出来，浊音】/K/【克不要把给发出来，轻音】/G/【各不要把给发出来，浊音】/F/【福不要把给发出来，轻音】/V/【有点像摩托车启动的声音，“呜呜呜”地，但是是像发“VVV”一样，不要把给发出来，浊音】/S/【丝像蛇吐芯子发出的那种声音，不要把给读出来，轻音】/Z/【就是/S/的浊音】/【牙齿咬住舌头的轻音】/【牙齿咬住舌头的浊音】/【西不要把给发出来，轻音】/【衣不要把给发出来，浊音】/H/【喝不要把给发出来，轻音】/R/【若不要把U给发出来，浊音】/T/【七不要把给发出来，轻音】/D/【姬不要把给发出来，浊音】/TR/【缺不要把U给发出来，轻音】/DR/【撅不要把U给发出来，浊音】/TS/【次不要把给发出来，轻音】/DZ/【自不要把给发出来，浊音】/M/【嘴巴闭住，然后发音，气流从鼻子出来，浊音】/N/【嘴巴微张，舌尖顶住上颚，气流从鼻子出来而不是从嘴巴出来，浊音】/【嘴巴长大，舌头向下弯曲，气流从鼻子出来而不是从嘴巴出来，浊音】/L/【有两个读音。一是放在音标结尾发呕，浊音；而是放在音标中发了，浊音】/W/【我不要把给发出来，浊音】/J/【呀不要把给发出来，浊音】所谓浊音，就是声带要振动的音；轻音就是发出了但声带却不振动的音所有的元音都是浊音，声带都要振动。1关于语音的几个概念1字母语言的书写形式。元音字母A,E,IY,O,U,2音标词的语音形式。3音素音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。4音节由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。APPLE,STUDENT,TEACHER,UNDERSTAND5元音发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。6辅音发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。7开音节A辅音元音辅音ENAMEBIKEB辅音元音HE,GO,HI8闭音节A辅音元音辅音BAD,BED,SIT,HOT,CUPB元音辅音IT9重读音节单词中发音特别响亮的音节。2元音注意下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标1ISEA,HE,SEE,PIECE,CEILING2ISIT,BUILD,MISS,MYTH3EBED,DESK,HEAD,4BAD,LAND,BANK,STAMP5ACAR,FAST,CLASS,PLANT,CALM,AUNT6HOT,WANT7DOOR,MORE,SPORT,BALL,WARM,AUTHOR,COURT,BOUGHT,CAUGHT8UGOOD,WHO,BLUE,SOUP,9ULOOK,PUT,WOMEN,COULD10CUP,COME,BLOOD,ROUGH11GIRL,WORK,SERVE,NURSE12CADRE,AGO,FORGET,POLITE,DOLLAR,DOCTOR,FAMOUS,SATURDAY13EICAKE,THEY,PLAY,EIGHT,GREAT,14AIBIKE,DIE,NEITHER,LIGHT,TRY,FIND,HEIGHT,EYE15UPHONE,COLD,BOAT,SOUL,GROW16AUHOUSE,TOWN17IBOY,OIL18IDEAR,IDEA,DEER,HERE,FIERCE,19PEAR,CARE,THERE,FAIR20UTOUR,POOR,3容易混淆的元音1EBEDBADMEN,MANPEN,PANLENDLAND2IEIREALRAILGREET,GREATMEAN,MAINREADRAID3EAIBETBITEREDWRITESAIDSIDE,HEAD,HIDE4AUHOUSEHORSELOUDLORDSOUTHSAUCENOWNORCOUNTCORNCLOUDCLAUSE5AUFOUNDFONDGOWNGONEDOWNDON4辅音1PPEN,2BBED,COMB3TTELL,4D,DAY,PLAYED,WANTED5KCOLD,SKY,QUICK,SCHOOL,BACK,ACCEPT,BOX6GBIG,GO,GUESS,LANGUAGE7MMAN8NNINE,KNIFE,AUTUMN9BANK,UNCLE,ENGLISH,SING,10LLAND,WORLD11RREAD,WRITE,12FFIVE,COUGH,LAUGH13VVOICE,OF14THINK,15THIS,BATHE16SSIT,MISS,SCIENCE,CASE,SCARF17ZZOO,CLOSE,18SURE,SHE,SOCIAL,NATION19/PLEASURE,20HHOT,WHO,HOUR21WWALL,WHAT,ANSWER22JYES23TCHILD,TEACH,CATCH24D/JOKE,BRIDGE,25TSBOATS26DZGOODS27TRTREE28DRDREAM5容易混淆的辅音1VWVETWETVESTWESTVINEWINEVERYWELL2SSINKTHINKSORTTHOUGHTMISSMYTHMASSMATH3ZCLOSINGCLOTHINGBREEZEBREATHEBAYSBATHES4NTHINTHINGSINSINGBANBANGWINWINGRANRANG6读音规则1重读音节见元音和辅音的例句2非重读音节BANANA,STUDENT,TODAY,AFTER,IORANGE,SECRET,EVENING,VERY,MONDAY7特殊读音1音的连读NOTATALL,HALFANHOUR,ILOVEYOUANDALLAFTERALL2失去爆破GOODGIRL,GOODSTUDENT,GOODJOB,EXPRESSION,SCHOOL,EXTREME3音的同化THISYEAR,WOULDYOUDOITCANTYOUSEEIT8重音1单词重音A双音节词A一般在第一个音节重读。LETTER,SORRYB有A,BE,DE,RE,RES,IN,IM,EN,EM,ES,EX,CON,COM,DIS,MIS,PRE,PER,PRO,TRANS等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。ABOUT,BELIEVE,ADDRESS,DECIDE,REPORT,CONDEMN,RESPECT,COMPARE,INFORM,DISCUSS,IMPRESS,MISTAKE,ENFORCE,PREPARE,EMPLOY,PERMIT,ESCAPE,PRODUCE,EXCLAIM,TRANSLATEC有DE,IN,RE,CON,PRE等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。RECORD,RECORDINSULT,INSULTCONDUCT,CONDUCTPRESENTPRESENTCONTENT,CONTENTD有些复合词和带有前缀RE,EX,UN,PRE,POST,等的词，有两个重音。OUTSIDE,RETELL,WELLKNOWN,UNREAL,FIFTEEN,CHINESE,PREWAR,POSTWARB多音节词A一般倒数第三个音节是重音。DIFFICULT,COMMUNIST,FAMILY,ECONOMY,OPPORTUNITY,DEMOCRACYB有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。CAREFULLY,INDEFINITE,COMFORTABLE,CONDUCTOR,ACCORDING,DISTURBANCE,COMPLICATED,ESTABLISHMENT,C词尾有EOUS,GRAHPY,IAL,IAN,IC,ICS,IENCE,IENT,IFY,ION,IOUS,ITY,IVE后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。COURTEOUS,CALLIGRAPHY,EDITORIAL,HISTORIAN,PERIODIC,MATHEMATICS,EXPERIENCE,SUFFICIENT,IDENTIFY,TRANSLATION,RELIGIOUS,CURIOSITY,PROTECTIVED词尾有AIN,EE,EER,ESE,ETTE后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。ENTERTAIN,EMPLOYEE,MOUNTAINEER,JAPANESE,CIGARETTE2句子重音A英语的节奏（轻）轻重轻（轻）或重轻（轻）（轻）重B英语句子的长短是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。C实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词BED实词不重读的特殊情况A实词第二次出现HETHINKSOFTHATASACHILDTHINKSB一个名词被第二个名词修饰IMETHERINTHERAILWAYSTATIONC代替词WHICHBOOKDOYOUWANTTHESMALLONED感叹词中的WHAT和HOWWHATAGOODDAYITISHOWBEAUTIFULSHEISESTREET在专有名词中WANGFUJINGSTREETFTHIS在这些短语中，THISMORNING/AFTERNOON/EVENINGE虚词重读的特殊情况A情态动词，助动词和系动词BE在句首，句尾和否定时。DOYOULIKEITYES,IDOAREYOUADOCTORYES,IAMCANYOUHELPMEYES,ICANIDONTLIKEYOUHEISNTAWORKERB情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。THEYMAYCOMETHISEVENINGCANITBEFIVEALREADYHEMUSTBEINTHEROOMC介词在句首和句尾。INTHEBOX,HEFOUNDALETTERHEISTHEPERSONITALKEDWITHD引导复合句的连词在句首。IFYOUWISH,ILLVISITYOUWHENHECOMES,ILLTELLHIME反身代词表示强调。HECOULDNTCOMEHIMSELF英语发音连读的规则连读的条件相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重，也不可音。连读符号1“辅音元音”型连读在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。IMANENGLISHBOYITISANOLDBOOKLETMEHAVEALOOKATITMSBLACKWORKEDINANOFFICELASTYESTERDAYICALLEDYOUHALFANHOURAGOPUTITON,PLEASENOTATALLPLEASEPICKITUP2“R/RE元音”型连读如果前一个词是以R或者RE结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的R或RE不但要发/R/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。THEYREMYFATHERANDMOTHERILOOKEDFORITHEREANDTHERETHEREISAFOOTBALLUNDERITTHEREARESOMEBOOKSONTHEDESKHEREISALETTERFORYOUHEREAREFOUREGGSBUTWHEREISMYCUPWHEREAREYOURBROTHERANDSISTER但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母R，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。THEBLACKCLOUDSARECOMINGNEARERANDNEARER（NEARER与AND不可连读）3“辅音半元音”型连读英语语音中的/J/和/W/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/J/开头，此时也要连读。THANKYOUNICETOMEETYOUDIDYOUGETTHERELATEAGAINWOULDYOULIKEACUPOFTEACOULDYOUHELPME,PLEASE“音的同化”常把/D/J/读成/DV/，DIDYOU听上成了/DIDVU/，WOULDYOU成了/WUDVU/，COULDYOU成了/KUDVU/。4“元音元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。IAMCHINESEHEISVERYFRIENDLYTOMESHEWANTSTOSTUDYENGLISHHOWANDWHYDIDYOUCOMEHERESHECANTCARRYITITLLTAKEYOUTHREEHOURSTOWALKTHERETHEQUESTIONISTOOEASYFORHIMTOANSWER5当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。ISITAHATORACAT（HAT与OR之间不可以连读）THEREISAGOODBOOKINMYDESK（BOOK与IN之间不可以连读）CANYOUSPEAKENGLISHORFRENCH（ENGLISH与OR之间不可以连读）SHALLWEMEETATEIGHTORTENTOMORROWMORNING（MEET与AT，EIGHT与OR之间不可以连读）SHEOPENEDTHEDOORANDWALKEDIN（DOOR与AND之间不可以连读）失去爆破6个爆破音有3对/P/，/B/，/T/，/D/，/K/，/G/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。1“爆破音爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。THEGIRLINTHEREDCOATWASONABLACKBIKEJUSTNOWTHEBIGBUSFROMTHEFACTORYISFULLOFPEOPLEWHATTI