湖北省麻城市集美学校中考英语专题复习 定语从句语法讲解 人教新目标版

湖北省麻城市集美学校中考英语专题复习定语从句语法讲解人教新目标版一、基本概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。DOYOUKNOWTHEMANWHOSPOKEATTHEMEETINGJUSTNOWTHATISTHEHOUSEWHEREHELIVEDTENYEARSAGO定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有THAT,WHO,WHOM,WHOSE,WHICH，AS关系副词有WHEN,WHERE,WHY二、关系词的用法（一）关系代词的用法1作主语用WHO,WHICH和THAT,如HEISTHEMANWHO/THATLIVESNEXTDOORTHETRAINWHICH/THATHASJUSTLEFTISFORSHENZHEN2作宾语用WHOM,WHO,WHICH,THAT,如THEMANWHOM/WHO/THATWEHAVEJUSTSEENISAFAMOUSWRITERWHEREISTHEBOOKWHICH/THATIBOUGHTLASTWEEK注在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词WHOWHOM,THAT通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用WHOM,不可省略；用于指物的关系代词WHICH和THAT在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。3作定语用WHOSE,如AHEISTHEMANWHOSECARWASSTOLENLASTWEEKBITWASAMEETINGWHOSEIMPORTANCEIDIDNOTREALIZEATTHATTIME注“WHOSE名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上A句），又能作宾语（如上B句）。WHOSE的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与OFWHICH结构互换，词序是“名词OFWHICH”，如THEYCAMETOAHOUSEWHOSEBACKWALLHADBROKENDOWNTHEBACKWALLOFWHICHHESWRITTENABOOKTHENAMEOFWHICHIVECOMPLETELYFORGOTTENWHOSENAME4作表语只用THAT，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如HEISNOLONGERTHEMANTHATHEUSEDTOBETHISISNOLONGERTHEDIRTYPLACETHATITUSEDTOBE（二）关系副词的用法1WHEN指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有TIME,DAY,MORNING,NIGHT,WEEK,YEAR等。如ISTILLREMEMBERTHETIMEWHENIFIRSTBECAMEACOLLEGESTUDENTDOYOUKNOWTHEDATEWHENLINCOLNWASBORN注WHEN时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如EACHTIMEHECAME,HEDIDHISBESTTOHELPUSBUTHELPNEVERSTOPPEDCOMINGFROMTHEDAYSHEFELLILL2WHERE指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有PLACE,SPOT,STREET,HOUSE,ROOM,CITY,TOWN,COUNTRY等。THISISTHEHOTELWHERETHEYARESTAYINGIFORGETTHEHOUSEWHERETHESMITHSLIVED注WHERE有时也可以省略。如THISISTHEPLACEWHEREWEMETYESTERDAY3WHY指原因或理由，它的先行词只有REASON。如THATISTHEREASONWHYHEISLEAVINGSOSOON注WHY时常也可以省略。如THATISTHEREALREASONHEDIDIT三使用关系副词应注意下列几点1这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词WHICH结构WHENONIN,AT,DURINGWHICHWHEREINAT,ONWHICHWHYFORWHICH如IWASINBEIJINGONTHEDAYWHENONWHICHHEARRIVEDTHEOFFICEWHEREINWHICHHEWORKSISONTHETHIRDFLOORTHISISTHECHIEFREASONWHYFORWHICHWEDIDIT2当先行词是表时间的TIME,DAY等和表地点的PLACE,HOUSE等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用WHICH或THAT,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用WHEN或WHERE，试比较ILLNEVERFORGETTHEDAYWHENMYHOMETOWNWASLIBERATEDILLNEVERFORGETTHEDAYSWHICH/THATWESPENTTOGETHERLASTSUMMERHISFATHERWORKSINAFACTORYWHERERADIOPARTSAREMADEHISFATHERWORKSINAFACTORYWHICH/THATMAKESRADIOPARTS3WHEN和WHERE既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而WHY只能引导限制性定语从句。三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如THISISTHETELEGRAMWHICHHEREFERSTOISTHEREANYTHINGTHATICANDOFORYOU2非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如THISNOTEWASLEFTBYTOM,WHOWASHEREAMOMENTAGOASABOY,HEWASALWAYSMAKINGTHINGS,MOSTOFWHICHWEREELECTRIC引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有WHO,WHOM,WHOSE,WHICH,WHEN和WHERE，不可以用THAT和WHY。另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如ITOLDTHESTORYTOJOHN,WHOLATERDIDITTOHISBROTHERITOLDTHESTORYTOJOHN,ANDHELATERTOLDITTOHISBROTHERYESTERDAYIHAPPENEDTOSEEJOHN,WHOWASEAGERTOHAVEATALKWITHYOUYESTERDAYIHAPPENEDTOSEEJOHNANDHEWASEAGERTOHAVEATALKWITHYOU3两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较ALLTHEBOOKSTHERE,WHICHHAVEBEAUTIFULPICTURESINTHEM,WEREWRITTENBYHIMALLTHEBOOKSTHERETHATHAVEBEAUTIFULPICTURESINTHEMWEREWRITTENBYHIMHISBROTHER,WHOISEIGHTEENYEARSOLD,ISAPLAMAN（只有一个）HISBROTHERWHOISAPLAMANISEIGHTEENYEARSOLD（不止一个）4有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用WHICH或AS来引导。当整个主句（先行词）在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。EGHEPASSEDTHEEXAM,WHICH/ASHEHOPEDHEWOULDHEHASLEFTHERE,WHICHGREATLYUPSETSME注（1）AS引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而WHICH引导的从句只能放在主句之后。THEYAREHOLLOW,WHICHMAKESTHEMVERYLIGHTASISKNOWNTOALL,TAIWANISAPARTOFCHINA（2）从意义上讲，WHICH指前面主句的内容；而AS指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象那样”。（3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用或当非限制定语从句为否定时，则常用WHICH，而不用AS，如SHESTOLEHERFRIENDSMONEY,WHICHWASDISGRACEFULHETOREUPMYPHOTO,WHICHUPSETMETOMDRINKSALOTEVERYDAY,WHICHHISWIFEDOESNTLIKEATALL5在正式文体中，以THEWAY为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以INWHICH或THAT引导，如THEWAYINWHICHYOUANSWEREDTHEQUESTIONSWASADMIRABLE但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略INWHICH或THATTHEWAYINWHICHHESPOKETOUSWASSUSPICIOUSIDONTLIKETHEWAYTHATYOULAUGHATHER四关系词的选择1在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用WHO指人，WHICH指物；关系代词做宾语，常用WHOM（口语中有时用WHO）指人，WHICH指物，它们都不能用THAT代替。2关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用WHOM指人，WHICH指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如DOYOUKNOWTHEBOYTOWHOMSHEWASTALKINGDOYOUKNOWTHEBOYTHATSHEWASTALKINGTOTHEPENCILWHICH/THATHEWASWRITINGWITHSUDDENLYBROKE3在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用WHICH或THAT，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用THAT，不用WHICH1当先行词是ALL,ALOT,ALITTLE,FEW,MUCH,NONE,ANYTHING,SOMETHING,EVERYTHING,NOTHING等词时。如ALLTHATCANBEDONEHASBEENDONEINTHISFACTORYISAWLITTLE/MUCHTHATWASDIFFERENTFROMOURS2当先行词被ALL,ANYNO,MUCH,LITTLE,FEW,EVERY等限定词所修饰时。如WEHEARDCLEARLYEVERYWORDTHATHESAID3当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如THEFIRSTTHINGTHATSHOULDBEDONEISTOGETTHETICKETSWHENPEOPLETALKABOUTHANGZHOU,THEFIRSTTHATCOMESTOMINDISTHEWESTLAKE4当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时，如ISTHATTHEBESTTHATYOUCANDOTHATSTHEMOSTEXPENSIVEHOTELTHATWEVEEVERSTAYEDINTHISNOVELISTHESECONDBESTONETHATIHAVEEVERREAD5当先行词被THEVERY,THEONLY,THENEXT,THELAST等所修饰时。如THISISTHEVERYBOOKTHATIWANTTOFIND6当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如THEGUESTSSPOKEHIGHLYOFTHECHILDRENANDTHEIRPERFORMANCESTHATTHEYSAWATTHECHILDRENSPALACESHEDESCRIBEDINHERCOMPOSITIONSTHEPEOPLEANDPLACESTHATIMPRESSEDHERMOST7当主句是以WHICH，WHO,WHAT开头的特殊疑问句时。如WHICHISTHECARTHATKILLEDTHEBOYWHOISTHEPERSONTHATISMAKINGTHISLECTURE4用WHICH而不用THAT的情况引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思；介词关系代词。EGHEHADFAILEDINTHEMATHSEXAM,WHICHMADEHISFATHERVERYANGRY他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。THISISTHEROOMINWHICHMYFATHERLIVEDLASTYEAR这是父亲去年居住过的房子。5在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用WHOM或THAT，二者常可互换。但在下列情况中，用WHOM，而不用THAT1当先行词是ONE,ONES,ANY,FEW,ANYONE,ANYBODY,SOMEONE,SOMEBODY,EVERYONE,EVERYBODY等词时。如ISTHEREANYONEWHOCANANSWERTHISQUESTIONHEWASAMONGTHEFEWWHOMANAGEDTOLIVETHROUGHTHEENEMYPRISONCAMP注在非正式文体中可以说YOURETHEONETHATKNOWSWHERETOGO2当先行词是HE,THEY,THOSE,PEOPLE,PERSON等词时。如HEWHOWANTSTOCATCHFISHJUSTNOTMINDGETTINGWETTHOSEWHOAREAGAINSTTHEPROPOSALPUTUPYOURHANDS注在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用HETHAT。如HETHATPROMISESTOOMUCHMEANSNOTHING3当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如DOYOUKNOWTHEWRITERINBLUEWITHTHICKGLASSESWHOISSPEAKINGATTHEMEETING4在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用WHOM。如ANEWMASTERWILLCAMETOMORROWWHOWILLTEACHYOUGERMANTHERESONLYONESTUDENTINTHESCHOOLWHO/WHOMIWANTEDTOSEEIWASTHEONLYPERSONINMYOFFICEWHOWASINVITED5两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用WHOM来引导，如SHEISTHEONLYGIRLIKNOWWHOCANPLAYTHEGUITAR6在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词THAT1当主句是以WHO或WHICH开头的特殊疑问句时。如WHOISTHEMANTHATISREADINGTHENEWSPAPEROVERTHEREWHICHOFUSTHATKNOWSANYTHINGDOESNOTKNOWTHIS2当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如HEISTHEGREATESTMANTHATHASEVERLIVED3当先行词被THEONLY,THEVERY,THELAST等词所修饰时。如SHEISTHEONLYPERSONTHATUNDERSTANDSME7当先行词被THESAME所修饰时，关系词既可以用AS，也可以用THAT。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用AS，表示同一事物多用THAT。如THISISTHESAMEINSTRUMENTTHATIUSEDYESTERDAY这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。THISISTHESAMEINSTRUMENTASIUSEDYESTERDAY这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用IHAVETHESAMEOPINIONAS/THATYOUHAVE这里要注意的是（1）使用AS时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用THAT时，定语从句中的动词不可省略。如WOMENRECEIVEDTHESAMEPAYASMENWOMENRECEIVEDTHESAMEPAYTHATMENRECEIVED2在“THESAMETHAT”结构中，THAT只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。THAT可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的SAME也可以省去。如THISISTHESAMEINSTRUMENTTHATIUSEDYESTERDAYTHISISTHESAMEINSTRUMENTIUSEDYESTERDAYTHISISTHEINSTRUMENTIUSEDYESTERDAY但在“THESAMEAS”结构中，SAME和AS都不能省略。3当“THESAMETHAT”结构中的THAT作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与AS互换。如HELIVESINTHESAMEBUILDINGTHATILIVEHELIVESINTHESAMEBUILDINGAS/THATILIVEINSHALLWEMEETATTHESAMEPLACETHATWELASTMETSHALLWEMEETATTHESAMEPLACETHAT/ASWELASTMETAT8当先行词前有SUCH,SO,AS时，关系词应当用AS。如AWISEMANSELDOMTALKSABOUTSUCHTHINGSASHEDOESNTUNDERSTANDHESPOKEINSUCHEASYENGLISHASEVERYBODYCOULDUNDERSTANDATTHISTIMEOFTHEDAY,ALLBUSESANDTROLLEYSHAVETOCARRYASMANYPASSENGERSASTHEYCANITISSOEASYABOOKASEVERYSCHOOLBOYCANREADLETSDISCUSSSUCHTHINGSASWECANTALKOFFREELY另需注意THISBOOKISWRITTENINSUCHEASYENGLISHASBEGINNERSCANUNDERSTAND（定语从句）THISBOOKISWRITTENINSUCHEASYENGLISHTHATBEGINNERSCANUNDERSTANDIT（结果状语从句）9AS引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型ASISKNOWNTOALL,ASISSAID,ASISREPORTED,ASISANNOUNCED,ASWEALLKNOW,ASIEXPECT等。EGASIEXPECTED,HEGOTTHEFIRSTPLACEAGAININTHISMIDTERMEXAMINATION正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。定语从句专项训练一用关系代词填空I、用THAT、WHICH、WHO、WHOM、WHOSE填空1THISISTHEMAN_WANTSTOSEEYOU2THESTUDENT_ANSWEREDTHEQUESTIONISZHANGHUA3THEMAN_YOUWENTTOSEEHASCOME4THEMAN_IMETYESTERDAYLENTMESOMEMONEY5THEWOMAN_YOUSAWISOURGEOGRAPHYTEACHER6THERUNNER_YOUAREASKINGABOUTISOVERTHERE7THEPERSON_YOUSHOULDWRITETOISMRBALL8THEMAN_WASPASSINGBYSAWWHATHAPPENED9HEREISTHEPEN_YOULOSTTHEDAYBEFOREYESTERDAY10THESEBOOKS_YOULENTMEWEREVERYUSEFUL11THESTORYBOOK_IHAVEJUSTREADCANNOTBEEASILYFORGOTTEN12ACLOCKISAMACHINE_TELLSPEOPLETHETIME13THISISSHIRT_IBOUGHTYESTERDAY14ADICTIONARYISABOOK_GIVESTHEMEANINGTOTHEWORD15THEBOOK_ISONTHETABLEISMINE16THEFILM_THEYARETALKINGABOUTISVERYINTERESTING17ILLNEVERFORGETTHEPEOPLEANDTHEPLACES_IHAVEEVERVISITED18ISTHEREANYONE_FAMILYISINBEIJING19SHOWMETHEBOY_MOTHERISAWELLKNOWNSINGER20THEBOY_FATHERISATEACHERISGOODATENGLISH21IKNOWTHEPERSON_COMPANYPRODUCESNEWMACHINES22SHEISTHEENGINEER_WORKISCONSIDEREDTOBETHEBESTHERE23THISISTHEPERSON_STORYSURPRISEDEVERYBODY24THEWOMAN_SECRETWASDISCOVEREDKEPTHERJOBINTHECOMPANY25THISISTHEBOY_MOTHERTEACHESUSCHINESEINOURSCHOOL26THEGIRL_WATCHWASLOSTCRIEDSADLY27PLEASEPASSMETHEBOOK_COVERISBLACK28THESTUDENT_SHOESAREDIRTYPLAYEDBASKETBALLSOWELL29MRLEE_SONISMYCLASSMATEISMYENGLISHTEACHER30ISTHISFACTORYTHEONE_ALOTOFSTUDENTSVISITEDYESTERDAY31THEFIRSTTHING_WESHOULDDOISTOCLEANTHEROOM32YOUSHOULDDOALL_ITOLDYOUTODO33THEBOOKHASNOTHING_INTERESTSME34THENAUGHTYBOYCANDOSOMETHING_WILLGIVEYOUTROUBLE35THISISTHETALLESTBUILDING_IHAVEEVERSEEN36YOUCANTAKEANYTHING_YOULIKE37THISISTHEBESTFILM_HASBEENSHOWNTHISYEAR38HETOOKAWAYEVERYTHING_BELONGEDTOHIM39THEREISNOPERSON_ISALWAYSINTHERIGHT40THISISTHEVERYPERSON_INEED41IHAVEREADALLTHEBOOKS_YOUGAVEME42HEISTHEONLYPERSON_ISRIGHT43IDONTHAVEANYFRIENDS_CANLENDMESOMEMONEY44IHAVEREADEVERYBOOK_ICANFIND45THEYTALKEDMUCH_HADNOTHINGTODOWITHTHEMATTER46THEREISLITTLE_ICANGIVEYOU47IWILLNEVERFORGETTHEDAY_ISPENTWITHYOU48IWILLNEVERFORGETTHEDAY_IJOINEDTHEARMY49THISISTHEFACTORY_MYFATHERWORKED30YEARSAGO50THISISTHEFACTORY_IVISITED51IWILLNEVERFORGETTHEDAYS_WESPENTTOGETHERINTHECOUNTRYIIFILLINTHEBLANKSWITH“PREP（介词）WHOM/WHICH”52THETEACHER_ILEARNTMOSTWASMRSZHU53WHATSTHENAMEOFTHESPORT_YOUGOINABOAT54MATHEMATICSISTHESUBJECT_IAMMOSTINTERESTED55THISISTHEQUESTION_WEHAVEHADADISCUSSION56THISISTHEHOUSE_IWASBORN57ISTHATTHEGIRL_YOULENTYOURBICYCLE58THISISTHEPEN_IWROTETHELETTER59HEREISTHEADDRESS_YOUSHOULDWRITE60THESEARETHETHINGS_ISPOKEJUSTNOW61ISTHATTHEFISH_YOUASKEDTHEWAITER62THEMOONISABALL_THEREARENOLIVINGTHINGS63WATERISVERYIMPORTANTTOFISH,_ITCANTLIVE64WELOVETHEVILLAGE_WEWORKFORTWOYEARS65PETER,_IPLAYEDTENNISONSUNDAYS,WASSTRONGERTHANIIIINONRESTRICTIVEATTRIBUTECLAUSES非限制性定语从句66TOMWONTHEFIRSTPRIZE,_EVERYBODYKNOWS67YESTERDAYIMETLINGPING,_SEEMEDTOBEVERYBUSY68OURTEACHER,_WIFEISANURSE,ISVERYSTRICTWITHUS69SHESANGANEWSONG,_WELIKEDVERYMUCH70HELOSTMYBIKE,_MADEMEUNHAPPYIVFILLINTHEBLANKSWITH“WHERE、WHY”71IDONTKNOWTHEREASON_HEWASLATEFORTHECLASS72ABIRTHDAYISTHEDATE_ONEWASBORN73DOYOUKNOWTHEREASON_NOONEQUESTIONEDARISTOTLESTHEORYFORABOUT2,000YEARS二、单项选择1YOURTEACHEROFCHINESEISAYOUNGLADY_COMESFROMBEIJINGAWHOBWHICHCWHOMDWHOSE2WHATSTHENAMEOFTHEPROGRAM_AWHICHARELISTENINGBYOUARELISTENINGTOCTOTHATYOUARELISTENINGDTHATYOUARELISTENING3THESTUDENTSWEREALLINTERESTED_YOUTOLDTHEMYESTERDAYAINWHICHBINTHATTHISCALLTHATDINEVERYTHING4HEWASTHEONLYPERSONINHISOFFICE_WASINVITEDAWHOMBWHOSECTHATDWHICH5THISISTHEMUSEUM_WEVISITEDLASTYEARAWHEREBINWHICHCWHICHDINTHAT6CHARLIETOLDHISMOTHERALL_HADHAPPENEDATHATBWHATCWHICHDWHO7DOYOUKNOWTHESTUDENT_AWHOMIOFTENTALKBWITHWHOIOFTENTALKCIOFTENTALKWITHDTHATIOFTENTALK8ILIKETHEHOUSE_WINDOWSFACESOUTHAWHOSEBWHOSCITSDITS9WOULDYOUTELLMEWHERETOGETTHEDICTIONARY_AWHATINEEDBINEEDCWHICHINEEDITDTHATINEEDIT10THEYOUNGWOMAN_ISPOKEJUSTNOWISAYOUNGDOCTORAWHOBTOWHOMCWHOMDTHAT11THEPENCIL_HEWASWRITINGWASBROKENAWHICHBTHATCWITHTHATDWITHWHICH12ISHOULDLIKETOUSETHESAMETVSET_ISUSEDINYOURCLASSROOMAWHICHBWHOCASDWHOSE13IWILLNEVERFORGETTHEDAY_WESTUDIEDTOGETHERAATWHICHBONTHATCATTHATDONWHICH14GALILEOBUILTATELESCOPE_HECOULDSTUDYTHESKIESAWITHWHICHBTHROUGHWHICHCTHROUGHTHATDWHICH15THISSHIRTISLIKETHEONE_WESAWYESTERDAYINTHATSHOP_JOHNTOLDUSABOUTATHAT,WHICHBWHICH,WHERECWHOMTHATDWHICH,INWHICH16HEISDOINGSUCHWORK_IAMAASBWHICHCWHODWHAT17THEEXHIBITIONIN_THEPICTURESAREONSHOWISONTHESECONDFLOORAWHICHBTHATCWHEREDIT18THISISTHEPLACE_HESTAYEDLASTYEARAWHICHBINWHERECINWHICHDINTHAT19THATISTHEWRITER_ALOTOFBOOKSWEREWRITTENABYWHOMBWHOCWHOSEDWHOM20ITISONEOFTHEBESTBOOKS_ATHATHAVEEVERBEENWRITTENBTHATHASEVERBEENWRITTENCWHICHHAVEBEENWRITTENDWHICHHASBEENWRITTEN高效能学习的八大学习方法方法一目标激励法成就天才的必备素质就是远大志向，明确目标，勤奋刻苦，持之以恒，百折不挠。作为一名学生，要想在学习的道路上一路高歌，战胜各科学习困难，在考试中脱颖而出，就必须树立远大的理想，制定明确的学习目标和切实可行的计划，在日常学习中勤奋苦学，孜孜不倦，持之以恒，面对学习中上的挫折，百折不挠，勇往直前，并掌握一套正确的学习方法，科学合理地安排好自己的时间，只有这样，才能到达成功的理想彼岸。方法二统筹计划