翻译文献-理解可扩展性标记语言xml

外文原文APPENDIXCUNDERSTANDINGTHEEXTENSIBLEMARKUPLANGUAGEXMLTHISAPPENDIXTAKESALOOKATTHEEXTENSIBLEMARKUPLANGUAGEXMLASUPERBSTRUCTUREDDOCUMENTFORMATSTANDARDTHATBUSINESSESAREUSINGTOEXCHANGEBUSINESSDATAXMLCOMPLEMENTSEJBNICELYASWELLINFACT,THEEJB11SPECIFICATIONUSESXMLASADOCUMENTFORMATFORDEPLOYMENTDESCRIPTORSBYREADINGTHISAPPENDIX,YOUWILLLEARNTHEFOLLOWINGWHYBUSINESSESNEEDXMLTHECORECONCEPTSBEHINDXMLPROGRAMMINGHOWEJBANDXMLARERELATEDWHICHWELLEXPANDUPONINAPPENDIXD,COVERINGEJB11XMLISANEXTREMELYIMPORTANTTECHNOLOGYFORTHEINTERNET,ANDITISDESTINEDTOBECOMETHEDEFACTOSTANDARDFORSTRUCTURINGDOCUMENTCONTENTIFYOUALREADYKNOWXML,FEELFREETOSKIPTOTHESECONDHALFOFTHISAPPENDIX,WHEREWEDISCUSSHOWXMLANDEJBARERELATEDOTHERWISE,READON,ANDWEWILLEXPLAINXMLFROMTHEGROUNDUPTHISAPPENDIXEXPLAINSENOUGHXMLFORYOUTOBEGINPROGRAMMINGWITHEJB11FORAFULLTOUROFXML,SEETHEBOOKSACCOMPANYINGWEBSITEFORLINKSTOEXTERNALRESOURCESBUSINESSNEEDSFORXMLWEBEGINBYSTUDYINGTHENEEDSOFTHEBUSINESSCOMMUNITYTHATMAKEXMLSUCHAUSEFULSTANDARDWHYISXMLIMPORTANTWHATBUSINESSPROBLEMSDOESITSOLVEWHYDIDWENEEDTOCREATEXMLRATHERTHANUSEEXISTINGTECHNOLOGYTHOSEARETHEQUESTIONSWEWILLANSWERINTHISSECTIONELECTRONICCOMMERCETHEBUSINESSNEEDFORASTANDARDSUCHASXMLHASARISENWITHTHEADVENTOFELECTRONICCOMMERCEALSOCALLEDECOMMERCE,EBUSINESS,ORYOURFAVORITEBUZZWORDWHENMOSTPEOPLEHEARTHEWORD“ELECTRONICCOMMERCE”,THEYUSUALLYTHINKOFWEBSTOREFRONTSTHATYOUCANVISITTOPURCHASEGOODSELECTRONICALLYTHISISCALLEDBUSINESSTOCONSUMERECOMMERCEBECAUSEABUSINESSISCONDUCTINGATRANSACTIONWITHACONSUMEREXAMPLESOFBUSINESSTOCONSUMERWEBSITESAREAMAZONCOMWWWAMAZONCOM,BUYCOMWWWBUYCOM,ANDCARORDERCOMWWWCARORDERCOMBUTECOMMERCEEXTENDSBEYONDSIMPLYTHEBUSINESSTOCONSUMERMODELFORINSTANCE,ANONLINEAUCTIONHOUSESUCHASEBAYWWWEBAYCOMFACILITATESTRANSACTIONSBETWEENCONSUMERSBYHOSTINGAUCTIONSTHISISCALLEDCONSUMERTOCONSUMERECOMMERCEBECAUSEGOODSAREEXCHANGINGHANDSBETWEENCONSUMERSABUSINESSMAYALSOSELLGOODSTOOTHERBUSINESSESANDTAKECONSUMERSOUTOFTHEPICTUREALTOGETHERTHISECONOMICMODELISCALLEDBUSINESSTOBUSINESSECOMMERCE,ANDISWHEREMOSTOFTHEMONEYCHANGESHANDSBYFAR,BECAUSEEVERYBUSINESSNEEDSTOCONDUCTINTERBUSINESSTRANSACTIONSTOSURVIVEMANUFACTURERSNEEDTOBUYPARTSFROMSUPPLIERSRESELLERSNEEDTOBUYPRODUCTSFROMMANUFACTURERSANDALLCORPORATIONSNEEDTOBUYOFFICESUPPLIESANDFURNITUREGEOGRAPHICALLYDISTRIBUTEDCOMPANIES,CONGLOMERATESANDEVENWHOLEINDUSTRIESSUCHASAEROSPACERELYONCOMMUNICATION,ANDTHEABILITYTODISTRIBUTEMANUFACTURINGACTIVITIESGIVESSOMECOMPANIESANESSENTIALECONOMICADVANTAGEBUSINESSTOBUSINESSECOMMERCEISTHESINGLELARGESTFINANCIALIMPACTTHEINTERNETISMAKINGONTHEWORLDECONOMY,ANDHASBEENESTIMATEDTOBE20TIMESASLARGEASTHEOTHERINTERNETECONOMICMODELSASWEWILLSEE,BUSINESSTOBUSINESSECOMMERCEISWHEREXMLHASTHELARGESTIMPACTASWELLINADEQUACIESWITHEXISTINGTECHNOLOGYTHECHALLENGEFORBUSINESSESTOCONDUCTAFFAIRSELECTRONICALLYISFORBUSINESSESTOUNDERSTANDEACHOTHERSDATA,SUCHASPRODUCTS,CUSTOMERS,ANDFINANCIALDATAWITHAPAPERBASEDSYSTEM,AHUMANBEINGALWAYSINTERVENEDANDCOULDMAKEGOBACKTOTHEFIRSTPAGEFORAQUICKLINKTOBUYTHISBOOKONLINELOGICALGUESSESABOUTAMBIGUOUSDATAWITHELECTRONICBUSINESS,HOWEVER,COMPUTERPROGRAMSNEEDTORECEIVEACCURATE,STRUCTUREDDATA,ORMILLIONSOFDOLLARSCOULDBELOSTDUETOINCORRECTTRANSACTIONSTHUS,ASTRUCTUREDDATADOCUMENTSTANDARDISNEEDEDTHATBUSINESSESCANUSETOSHAREINFORMATIONTHISDOCUMENTSTANDARDSHOULDBESIMPLEENOUGHFORANYONETOUSEELEGANTLY,YETBEPOWERFULENOUGHTOREPRESENTANYBUSINESSDATAACOMPUTERPROGRAMSHOULDBEABLETOREADANELECTRONICDOCUMENTSTRUCTUREDINTHISLANGUAGEANDFIGUREOUTTHESEMANTICDETAILSOFTHEDOCUMENTBASEDONITSSTRUCTUREFOREXAMPLE,ANAPPLICATIONSHOULDBEABLETOQUERYADIGITALPURCHASEORDERDOCUMENTANDDETERMINEWHATPRODUCTANDQUANTITYTHEPURCHASEORDERISFORLETSTAKEALOOKATTHEEXISTINGTECHNOLOGYSTANDARDSANDEXAMINEWHYTHEYAREINADEQUATEFOROURNEEDSVANSANDEDIELECTRONICBUSINESSISNOTANEWCONCEPTCOMPANIESHAVEALREADYBEENDOINGITFORYEARSINAVERYPROPRIETARYWAYBEFORETHEINTERNETHITMAINSTREAM,TWOCORPORATIONSWOULDCONDUCTBUSINESSELECTRONICALLYUSINGATHIRDPARTYVENDORSVALUEADDEDNETWORKVAN,ORPRIVATENETWORKTHATLINKSCOMPANIESTOGETHERTHELARGESTFOURVANVENDORSAREGENERALELECTRICINFORMATIONSERVICES,IBMGLOBALINFORMATIONNETWORK,STERLINGCOMMERCE,INC,ANDHARBINGERCORPORATIONTHESTANDARDFORCONDUCTINGBUSINESSOVERVANSISCALLEDELECTRONICDATAEXCHANGEEDI,ASTANDARDFORFACILITATINGTHEELECTRONICEXCHANGEOFDATAEDIHASTRADITIONALLYBEENUSEDOVERVANSALTHOUGHITISBEENEXTENDEDTORUNOVERTHEINTERNETASWELLEDIHASWIDESPREADUSEINMULTIPLEVERTICALINDUSTRIES,FROMTHEBUSINESSSECTORTRANSFERRINGBUSINESSDOCUMENTSTOTHEEDUCATIONALSECTORTRANSFERRINGSTUDENTRECORDS,TRANSCRIPTS,ANDTESTSCORESTHEPROBLEMSWITHVANSANDEDIAREASFOLLOWSVANSUSINGEDIAREAVERYEXPENSIVESUBSCRIPTIONSERVICE,ANDCHARGEBUSINESSESOUTRAGEOUSPERTRANSACTIONFEESVANSAREACHALLENGETOLINKTOOTHERBUSINESSESTHATAREALREADYONTHEINTERNETVANSAREDESIGNEDFORBATCHMODEPROCESSINGRATHERTHANJUSTINTIMEPROCESSING,WHICHISNECESSARYFOREFFICIENTTRANSACTIONSWITHININDUSTRIES,LARGECOMPANIESTYPICALLYDEFINEASETOFEDITEMPLATESTHATLOCKOTHERCOMPANIESINTOPROPRIETARYSTANDARDSFORDATAEXCHANGEEDIISANOUTDATED,CUMBERSOME,ANDNONEXTENSIBLEFORMATFORTRANSFERRINGDATANOTETHATTHEREISDEFINITELYALOTTOBESAIDABOUTVANSANDEDIMANYBU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准，正如我们所说的，也正是早期采用商务装备作为一种综合模式。SGML标准通用标记语言（SGML）是一种后期标记语言你可以通过应用这种后期标记语言来设计你自己的标记语言（正如XML或者HTML）。SGML提供一种在你的文档上交上结构的机制，并且有着强大的成功扩展应用的跟踪记录，尤其引用在出版领域。但是不幸的是SGML从未成为主流，很大方面源于她的复杂性，SGML如此的强大并且能够狠容易的应用在战士商务数据上。它的强大之处所花费的代价就是简易使用性，因此SGML在一些平常的商务应用上面显得有些功能太强大了。应用SGML来规划弯曲曲线图表尤其不合理的，而SGML作为一种杠杆作用所花飞的高额代价也是应该明令禁止的。很少有人在新形式下应用SGML，但每个人都用SGML来执行，正如HTML和XMLHTML超文本标记语言（HTML）是一种主流的网站文档标准。HTML是为了在因特网上展现多媒体信息所做出的对SGML的应用。HTM对于电子数据是一种不恰当的标记语言，主要是因为HTML是被设计成围绕GUI标签的，而不是商业数据内容。HTML在对与终端用户展现文档方面功能强大，但是在文档中定义其他结构方面的能特很弱。例如，考虑一下HTML片段JOHNDOETHEDOECORPORATION此处，和标记是告诉客户端浏览器在文本上分别显示显示粗体和斜体。然而，结构却在此处停止了。浏览器没办法构建文档中所构建的语义。举个例子来说，看一眼这些代码，我们没有办法能够自动识别JOHNDOE是一个人名的字符串。同样计算机程序也不认识THEDOECORPORATION是一个公司名。标记在此处是一种笨重的方式（假如你能够在此处增加身份属性）同样，HTML也不是可扩展的。假如一个事务需要在适应它的需要的时候增加一个心得标签，这将会走入HTML所围成的屏障之中，这是因为HTML是一种标记语言，但它并不是一种后期标记语言。XML可扩展标记语言（XML）是一种电子文档结构内容的普遍标准。XML是可扩展的，是事务能够在需要的时候在它们的文档上增加新的内容。XML标准并不存在响HTML这样其他标记语言所存在的版本控制问题。因为她没有预先定义的标记。而且应用XML你能够为你自己的事务需要来定义你自己的标签。XML是一种后期标记语言因为你能够定义你自己可以描述的标记语言。这使得XML在交换电子数据的时候是一种李响的文档形式，并且它还有着很多种其他的应用。XML所带来的好处从事务的角度看，XML是引人注目的，由于它允许事务以一种优雅的可扩展的方式来构建数据。但XML其他的好处如下XML简单且容易使用。远视的XML语言并不包括纵向的特殊标记。学习使用XML是很简单的，且并不需要很多的时间。XML是开放的，基于因特网标准的。世界网络协会（W3C）在1998年二月介绍了XML10标准。没有单独的商业公司控制着这项标准，这意味着它包含这每个人的利益。XML是可读性强。一个XML能够以文本文件的方式存储，也可以用复杂的事务书绝句的方式展现。假如你想检查或者修改XML文档，你能够轻易的通过文本文件方式编辑它。这种巨大