英文翻译-关于使用pvt集热器的设计和实验研究

本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译专业电气工程及其自动化所在学院电子信息工程学院二零一二年六月DESIGNANDEXPERIMENTALSTUDYFORUSINGPV/TCOLLECTORSINTHEFACULTYOFMECHANICALENGINEERINGUNIVERSITYOFALEPPOABSTRACTINRECENTYEARSBUILDINGINTEGRATIONOFSOLARTHERMALWITHPVMODULESHASBECOMEMOREANDMOREPOPULARINDIFFERENTCOUNTRIES,WHERENATIONALSUPPORTPROGRAMSHAVEACCELERATEDTHEDISSEMINATIONOFGRIDCONNECTEDPVSYSTEMSTHEINSTALLATIONOFBIPVSYSTEMHASCERTAINADVANTAGESCOMPAREDTOATRADITIONALPVORTHERMALSYSTEMMOUNTEDINASEPARATESTRUCTUREONTHEROOFSTHEMAINPURPOSEOFTHISPROJECTTOEVALUATETHEFEASIBILITYOFUSINGCOMBINEDPV/TCOLLECTORSINTYPICALSYRIANBUILDINGINSTALLATIONS,ANDTOTESTTHISSYSTEMASAOPTIONALSOLUTIONFORAPUBLIC,GOVERNMENTALORSERVICESECTORBUILDINGS,THEREARETWOMAINADVANTAGESFORSUCHSYSTEMS,LARGEAREAOFTHEROOFSARESUITABLEFORMOUNTINGSUCHSYSTEMS,ANDSPECIALLYFORPERIODICUSESORWHERESHORTTERMTHERMALANDELECTRICALENERGYOUTPUTSARENEEDEDPV/TCOLLECTORSBEINGCONSIDEREDINTHISPAPERARECOLLECTORSWHICHCANPROVIDEBOTHELECTRICALANDTHERMALENERGYANEXPERIMENTALMODELOFPV/TAIRCOLLECTORWASDESIGNEDANDCONSTRUCTEDONTHEROOFOFFACULTYOFMECHANICALENGINEERINGINUNIVERSITYOFALEPPO,ANDTHENITWASINSPECTEDTHISMODELCONSISTEDOFACONVENTIONALAIRSOLARTHERMALCOLLECTORWITHPVCELLSONEOFTHEMAINCONCLUSIONSOFTHISSTUDYISTHATTHETHERMALLINKINGBETWEENPVCELLSANDABSORBERPLATEISVERYIMPORTANTFORTHETHERMALEFFICIENCYTHEELECTRICALEFFICIENCYISDEPENDONTHEFLOWRATEOFTHEAIRWHICHPASSESTHROUGHTHECOLLECTOR,BECAUSETHEPVCELLSAREONTHEINLET,THENTHECOOLAIRWILLPICKTHEHEATGENERATEDFROMTHEPVCELLS,SOITWILLBECOMERELATIVELYWARMAFTERPASSINGUNDERTHEPVCELLS,ANDTHUSPVCELLSWILLHAVEAHIGHERELECTRICALOUTPUTTHISRESULTSOFTHEMEASUREMENTSHOWTHATTHEPROJECTWILLPROVIDEYEARLYSAVINGFORTHEBUILDINGABOUTTHERMALENERGY6133SP/YEAR2496KW/YEARANDELECTRICALENERGYSAVING1579SP/YEAR520KW/YEAR1INTRODUCTIONTHELARGEINCREASEINTHEENERGYCONSUMPTIONOFBUILDINGSSECTORISONEOFTHEMAJORPRESENTPROBLEMSINTHEWORLDTHISINCREASEISDUETOVARIOUSREASONS,INCLUDINGNEWARCHITECTURALDESIGNOFBUILDINGS,ANDUSINGOFENERGYCONSUMINGEQUIPMENTANDADVANCEDTECHNOLOGIESETCALLOFTHATLEDTOINCREASETHEINTERESTINSOLARENERGYONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTAPPLICATIONSOFSOLARENERGYISSOLARAIRCOLLECTORS,WHICHHASANIMPORTANTPLACEAMONGSOLARTHERMALSYSTEMSBECAUSEITISWIDELYUSEDINMANYCOMMERCIALAPPLICATIONSSUCHASTHESUPPLYOFHOTAIRTOSCHOOLBUILDINGSANDAGRICULTURALANDINDUSTRIALDRYING,ETC1PVCELLSHAVEBEENUSEDRECENTLY,BECAUSEOFINCREASINGENERGYCOSTONEOFTHEMOSTRECENTCOLLECTORSISCOMBINEDPV/TCOLLECTORS,WHICHDEPENDSONINCORPORATINGAIRSOLARCOLLECTORSWITHPVCELLSINCOMBINEDPV/TCOLLECTORS,AIRADSORBSHEATOFPVCELLSWHICHIMPROVETHEEFFICIENCYOFTHECELLS,ANDTHEWARMAIRCANBEUSEDFORHEATINGINTHISRESEARCH,COMBINEDPV/TSCWASSTUDIEDFORHEATINGANEASTERNROOMINTHEFACULTYOFMECHANICALENGINEERINGINUNIVERSITYOFALEPPOANDPROVIDINGELECTRICALNEEDOFTHATROOMTHISEXPERIMENTALPROTOTYPEISIMPLEMENTEDANDTESTED2EXPERIMENTALSETUPFPSACCONSISTSOFTWOPARALLELPLATES,ONEOFTHESEPLATESISTHEABSORBERPLATEANDTHEOTHERISTHEGLASSCOVER,ANDAIRCURRENTPASSESUNDERTHEABSORBERPLATEABSORBERPLATEISMADE1MMCOPPERPLATEPAINTEDWITHBLACKPAINTGLASSCOVERPREVENTSTHESOLARRADIATIONFROMESCAPINGOUTOFTHECOLLECTOR,ANDITREFLECTSAPORTIONOFTHISRADIATIONAGAINTOTHEABSORBERPLATEINSULATINGMATERIALSWEREUSEDFORTHEBOTTOMANDSIDESURFACESTOREDUCETHETHERMALLOSSESBYCONDUCTIONTHECONTAINEROFTHECOLLECTORISMADEOFIRONABSORBERSURFACEATTAINSTEMPERATURESHIGHERTHANAMBIENTTEMPERATURE,SOAIRPASSINGUNDERTHEABSORBERPLATECANBEHEATED3PVCELLSPVCELLSTRANSFORMSOLARENERGYINTOELECTRICALENERGYDIRECTLYWITHOUTINTERMEDIATEPROCESSESPVCELLABSORBSMOSTOFTHEINCIDENTSOLARRADIATIONANDCONVERTEDAPORTIONOFTHISRADIATIONAPPROXIMATELY15ORLESSTOELECTRICALENERGYWHICHCOULDBEUSEDIMMEDIATELYORCOULDBESTOREDPVCOLLECTORINCLUDEDINTHECONSIDEREDSYSTEMWASCONSISTEDOFTHEFOLLOWINGPARTSFIG1ASIMPLIFIEDSCHEMEOFTHESTUDIEDPVCIRCUITPVPANELSBATTERIESREGULATEVOLTAGEANDSTOREELECTRICALENERGYGENERATEDBYTHECOLLECTORSDURINGTHEDAYANDTOSUPPLYITATNIGHTANDDURINGPERIODSOFLOWRADIATIONCONTROLLERBALANCESCHARGINGOFTHEBATTERIESASWELLASPROTECTSTHEMOFOVERCHARGINGANDDEEPDISCHARGEINVERTERCONVERTSDCTOAC4COMBINEDPV/TSCTHECOMBINEDPV/TSCHASTWOPURPOSESENERGYPRODUCTIONFROMPVCELLSANDPROVIDINGHEATTOTHEAIRPASSINGTHROUGHTHEBOTTOMSURFACEOFTHECELLSTHEWASTEHEATREJECTEDTOTHEAIRSTREAMISUSEFULFORTWOREASONS1ITCOOLSTHEPVCELLSALLOWINGHIGHERPOWERCONVERSIONEFFICIENCIES2ITPROVIDESASOURCEOFHEATFORMANYPOSSIBLELOWGRADETEMPERATUREAPPLICATIONSINCLUDINGHEATINGOFROOMAIRASSHOWNINFIG2FIG2CROSSSECTIONOFCOMBINEDPV/TSC5EXPERIMENTALSTUDYOFTHECONSIDEREDSYSTEMAROOMINTHEBUILDINGOFFACULTYOFMECHANICALENGINEERINGATUNIVERSITYOFALEPPOWASSTUDIEDINORDERTOPROVIDETHEWINTERHEATINGANDELECTRICALNEEDFORTHISROOMBYTAKINGADVANTAGEOFSOLARENERGYASSHOWNINFIG3FIG3ASIMPLIFIEDSCHEMATICOFTHETESTEDSYSTEM51THEINTERNALCONDITIONSOFTHESTUDIEDROOMTHEROOMTOBEHEATEDHASANAREAOF104M2ANDAHEIGHTOF3M,ITISSITUATEDINTHEEASTERNDIRECTIONOFTHEBUILDINGTHEAMBIENTDESIGNTEMPERATUREINWINTERIS2ANDTHEINDOORDESIGNTEMPERATUREIS20THEHEATINGLOADOFTHEROOMIS1600WANDTHEELECTRICALLOAD250W,WHICHINCLUDESFOURENERGYSAVINGLAMPS,PORTABLECOMPUTER,AFANANDANELECTRICALPANEL52THETHERMALPARTTHETHERMALPARTCONSISTSOFAFPSACWITHDIMENSIONS125M,ASUPPLYDUCT,ARETURNDUCT,AFANOF62WCAPACITY,MIXINGBOXAND9TEMPERATURESENSORSPLACEDINCERTAINPOINTSASREFERREDTOINFIG4THEFORM5ASHOWSTHECROSSSECTIONOFFPSACANDFIG5BCROSSSECTIONOFCOMBINEDPV/TSCFIG4GENERALSCHEMATICOFSTUDIEDSYSTEM1AMBIENT,2ROOM,3ENTRYOFTHEAIRTOTHEROOM,4EXITOFTHEAIRFROMTHEROOM,5ENTRYOFTHEAIRTOTHEPVCOLLECTOR,6EXITOFTHEAIRFROMTHEPVCOLLECTOR,7ENTRYOFTHEAIRTOTHETHERMALCOLLECTOR,8INTHEMIDDLEOFTHETHERMALCOLLECTOR,9EXITOFTHEAIRFROMTHETHERMALCOLLECTOR,10OPENINGCONTROLOFTHEMIXINGBOXFIG5ACROSSSECTIONINFPSACFIG5BCROSSSECTIONINCOMBINEDPV/TSC53THEELECTRICALPARTTHEELECTRICALPARTCONSISTSOF8PVPANELSWITHCAPACITYOF55WFOREACHPANEL,ACONTROLLERWITHACAPACITYOF400WAND24VVOLTAGE,4BATTERIESWITH12VVOLTAGEANDACAPACITYOF100AH,ANINVERTEROF800WANDCIRCUITBREAKERLOCATEDINTHEELECTRICALPANEL54THEUSEDEQUIPMENTSTHEFOLLOWINGMEASUREMENTINSTRUMENTSWEREUSEDASOLARRADIATIONSENSORWITHMEASUREMENTRANGEOF01500W/M2,BT100TYPETEMPERATURESENSORS,ANANEMOMETERWITHMEASUREMENTRANGEOF010M/SANDMEASUREMENTEQUIPMENTSFORVOLTAGEANDELECTRICCURRENT6RESULTSANDDISCUSSIONTHEAVERAGESOLARINSULATIONOVERTHEMEASUREMENTSPERIODWAS630W/M2DURINGTHEPERIODFROMTHEBEGINNINGOFOCTOBERTOTHEENDOFJANUARYTHEOVERALLEFFICIENCYOFTHEPVCOLLECTORPANELSINCREASESWITHINCREASINGOFMASSFLOWRATEOFAIRTHROUGHTHEDUCT,ASARESULTOFREDUCTIONOFTHEPVPANELSTEMPERATUREASINFIG6THEOVERALLEFFICIENCYOFTHETHERMALSYSTEMINCREASESWITHINCREASINGOFMASSFLOWRATEOFAIRTHROUGHTHEDUCTASARESULTOFREDUCTIONOFLOSSESFROMTHESYSTEMASINFIG7ASINFIG8DEPICTSTHEUSEFULHEATGAINOFTHEFPSACANDTHEPV/TSCWHERETHEUSEFULHEATGAINOFFPSACWASBETWEEN9002650WANDFORTHEPV/TSCWASBETWEEN4501400WDURINGTHEMEASUREMENTSPERIODSAIRINLETANDOUTLETTEMPERATUREDIFFERENCEISILLUSTRATEDINFIG9THEGREATESTTEMPERATUREDIFFERENCEOFTHEFPSACIS30,AND15FORTHEPV/TSCDURINGTHEMEASUREMENTSPERIODSFIG6ELECTRICALEFFICIENCYINVARIOUSMASSFLOWRATEFIG7THERMALEFFICIENCYINVARIOUSMASSFLOWRATEFIG8USEFULHEATGAINFROMFPSACANDPV/TSCCOLLECTORSFIG9AIRINLETANDOUTLETTEMPERATURE7CONCLUSIONSTHERESULTSOFMEASUREMENTSHOWTHATOURPROJECTWILLPROVIDEABOUT2496KW/YEAR6133SP/YEAROFTHERMALENERGYSAVINGANDABOUT520KW/YEAR1579SP/YEARELECTRICALENERGYWASSAVINGTODEFINETHETHERMALBEHAVIOROFTHEPV/TSCCOLLECTORSWEWILLCONTINUETHEMEASUREMENTSTOCOVERTHESOLARRADIATIONANDAIRTEMPERATURECONDITIONSALLOVERTHEYEAR阿勒颇大学机械工程学院关于使用PV/T集热器的设计和实验研究摘要近年来，在不同的国家，集成太阳热能光伏模块已越来越受欢迎，国家支持计划加快了光伏并网发电系统的传播。与传统的光伏发电或热系统相比，（BIPV）系统的安装在独立的屋顶结构中有着某些优势。这项工程的主要目的是，在典型的叙利亚建设项目中评估其使用PV/T集热器的可行性，并检测这一系统可为公众，政府部门或服务部门的建筑提供可选择性解决法案。这些系统有两个主要的优势大面积的屋顶适合安装这些系统，其次，特别是定期使用或短期热能和电能输出都需要安装这些系统。本文认为，PV/T集热器是可同时提供电能和热能的集热器。阿勒颇大学机械工程学院已在屋顶上进行了PV/T空气集热器的实验模型的设计，建造和检查。这个模型是由内置太阳能光伏电池的空气集热太阳能组成的。这项研究的主要结论是，连接在光伏电池和吸热板之间的热能对于热效率的提高是非常重要的。电效率是依赖于通过收集器的空气流速，因为光伏电池在入口中，冷空气经过入口便会吸收从光伏电池所产生的热量。因此，在光伏电池的作用下，冷空气通过集热器后会相对变热。这样，光伏电池也会输出更高的电力。这项测量结果表明该项目将为建筑每年大约节约热能6133SP/YEAR（2496KW/YEAR）和电能1579SP/YEAR（520KW/YEAR）。1简介在建筑行业中，能源消耗的大幅度增长是目前世界主要面临的问题之一。这一增长是由于各种原因所导致的，包括新型建筑设计，以及使用耗能设备和先进技术等等。这一切导致了人们越来越关注太阳能。太原能最重要的应用之一是太阳能空气集热器。由于太阳能空气集热器广泛应用于许多商业设备中，如学校建筑的暖气供应设备和农业，工业的烘干设备。因此，它在太阳能光热系统中有着非常重要的作用。由于能源成本的增加，目前人们已开始使用太阳能光伏电池。其中最近使用的有复合PV/T收集器，它是一款内置太阳能光伏电池的太阳能空气集热器。其工作原理是，空气吸收光伏电池的热量，并提高电池的效能，这样暖空气便可用于取暖了。在这项研究中，阿勒颇大学机械工程学院把PV/T收集器应用于学校东部室内的取暖和供电，并且这个试验样机已得到应用和检测。2实验装置FPSAC由两个平行板组成，其中一块是吸热板，另一块是玻璃板。吸热板是涂有黑色油漆的毫米铜板，气流从吸热板下通过。玻璃盖是防止收集器里的太阳辐射外流，并把一定量的辐射反射给集热板。集热器的容器是铁制的，底部和侧面都是绝缘材料，以减少热传导的损失。吸热面可使气温高于环境温度，这样空气经过吸热板时便可加热。3光伏电池光伏电池无需通过中间过程就可以把太阳能直接转换成电能。光伏电池吸收绝大部分的太阳辐射，并把大约或更少的辐射转换成电能并及时使用或储存起来。非线性系统的光伏集热器由以下几部分组成图1一种研究光电简化方案电路光伏电池板电池调节电压和储存收集器在白天黑夜供应时和低辐射时所有生成的电能控制器防止电池过量充电和深放电逆变器把直流转换成交流复合PV/TSC复合PV/TSC有两种用途从光伏电池中产生能量，并为空气穿过电池底部提供热量。废热抑制气流有两个好处1）冷却光伏电池并提高能量转换效率，2）为许多可能的低端取暖设备，包括图（3）的室内空气取暖提供热源。图2复合PV/TSC横截面图非线性系统的实验研究为了给室内提供冬天取暖和电力系统，阿勒颇大学机械工程学院通过利用太阳在室内进行了研究。如图4。图3测试系统的简化原理图51研究室的内部条件位于学校东部建筑的实验室，加热面