英语教育本科毕业论文-中西餐桌礼仪差异

河北师范大学高等教育自学考试本科毕业论文题目中西餐桌礼仪差异专业英语教育考生姓名、考生所在单位准考证号导师姓名联系电话完成日期2012年2月10日THEDIFFERENCEBETWEENCHINAANDWESTERNINTABLEMANNERBYZHANGYINGXINPROFJIANGBAOCHENG，TUTORSUBMITTEDTOTHEBACOMMITTEEINPARTIALFULFILLMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOFBACHELOROFARTSINTHEENGLISHDEPARTMENTOFHEBEITEACHERSUNIVERSITYFEBRUARY10,2012摘要语言是文化的载体。文化负载词汇在语言中起着重要的作用。不同的社会背景和文化对词汇的文化内涵有很大的影响。餐桌礼仪在中国与西方国家沟通中有举足轻重的地位。沟通时，我们将显示我们的最佳形象和避免文化冲突。学习和使用正确的礼仪不仅能加强我们自己的印象，同时也促进公司的利益和避免冲突。外交礼仪与改革开放的发展政策进入我们的日常生活。除了商业礼仪，餐桌礼仪是非常重要的。由于中国和西方国家之间有许多不同的文化，我们有不同的用餐方式。本文的重点是不同的餐桌礼仪西方和中国之间，并分析产生差异的原因。本文试图比较餐桌礼仪的异同。因此，我们可以了解中西文化促进跨文化交际。序言介绍语言与文化的关系。第一章餐具设置。第二章具体的餐桌礼仪。三章有关的礼仪建议。关键词文化差异；交际礼仪；差异；方式；ABSTRACTLANGUAGEISACULTURALCARRIERCULTURELOADEDVOCABULARYPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEINALANGUAGEDIFFERENTSOCIALBACKGROUNDSANDNATIONALCULTURESHAVEAGREATEFFECTONTHECULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFVOCABULARYTABLEMANNERSHAVEADECISIVEPOSITIONINTHECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENCHINAANDWESTERNCOUNTRIESDURINGCOMMUNICATIONWEWILLSHOWOURBESTIMAGEANDAVOIDCULTURALCONFLICTSLEARNINGANDUSINGTHERIGHTETIQUETTEWILLNOTONLYSTEPUPOUROWNIMPRESSION,BUTALSOPROMOTETHEBENEFITANDSTRIFEOFTHECOMPANYWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFOPENINGUPPOLICY,FOREIGNETIQUETTE,ENTERTOOURDAILYLIFEDAYBYDAYBESIDESTHECOMMERCIALETIQUETTE,THEDINNERTABLEETIQUETTEISVERYIMPORTANT,TOOASTHEREAREMANYDIFFERENTCULTURESBETWEENCHINAANDWESTERNCOUNTRIES,WEHAVEDIFFERENTDINNERMANNERTHISPAPERFOCUSESONTHEDIFFERENCESOFTABLEMANNERSBETWEENTHEWESTANDCHINA,ANDANALYZESTHEREASONSTHATCAUSEDTHEDIFFERENCESTHISPAPERATTEMPTSTOCOMPARETHESIMILARITIESANDDIFFERENCESOFTABLEMANNERSTHEREFOREWECANUNDERSTANDTHEEASTERNANDWESTERNCULTURESPROMOTINGTHECROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONINTRODUCTIONISDEALINGWITHTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHELANGUAGEANDCULTURECHAPTERONETHEDIFFERENCEINTABLESETCHAPTERTWOTHESPECIFICOFTABLEMANNERSCHAPTERTHREEADDITIONALSOFSUGGESTIONSKEYWORDSCULTURALDIFFERENCECOMMUNICATIONMANNERETIQUETTEDIFFERENCECONTENTSABSTRACTICONTENTSIIINTRODUCTIONIIIITHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINAANDWESTERNINTABLESET111WESTERNCOUNTRYDINNERSET112CHINADINNERSET2THESPECIFICOFTABLEMANNERS321HOWTOORDERARESTAURANT322BEFOREDINNERSTART323THEMAINCOURSE324DRINKING425EATINGNONOS5VARIOUSRULESANDSUGGESTIONS6CONCLUSION8BIBLIOGRAPHY9INTRODUCTIONWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINASOPENINGUP,MOREANDMOREWESTERNCULTUREGETSINTOOURSIGHTATTHESAMETIME,WECANSEETHECONFLICTSANDPROBLEMSININTERCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONAGAINANDAGAINONECOUNTRYSPRESIDENTTHINKTHATTHEGESTUREMEANSFRIENDLY,BUTITENRAGESANOTHERCOUNTRYSPEOPLESOMEBUSINESSMENFROMFOREIGNCOUNTRIESCOMETOCHINATODOBUSINESSBUTFAILEDANDLEFTWITHCOMPLAINTSOMECHINESEPEOPLEGOTOAMERICATOSTUDY,BUT,AFTERASHORTTIME,THEYGIVEUPTHEPLAN,ANDCOMEBACKTOCHINAWITHTHEFURTHERDEVELOPMENTOFTHEREFORMANDOPENINGTOTHEOUTSIDEWORLD,THEPEOPLEANDTHEMATTERINWESTERNSOCIETIESHAVECOMEINTOOURVISUALFIELDMOREANDMORETHISISAGOODTHINGFORDEEPENINGOURUNDERSTANDINGOFWESTERNSOCIETYBUT,THISISNOTANEASYTHINGBECAUSETHETHINGSWEFACEARECOMINGFROMSTRANGECULTURESANDCOUNTRIES,ANDTHEPEOPLEWECOMMUNICATEWITHAREDIFFERENTFROMUSINTHINKING,LIFECUSTOM,ANDBEHAVIORITISUNAVOIDABLEFORTHEPHENOMENONOFCULTURECONFLICTSTOAPPEARINTHECOURSEOFCOMMUNICATINGWITHOTHERSITHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINAANDWESTERNINTABLESETTHEREAREMANYCULTURECONFLICTSININTERCULTURALTABLESETBETWEENCHINESECULTUREANDWESTERNCULTURE,ITISIMPOSSIBLEFORUSTOLISTTHEMOUTONEBYONEBUTHEREWILLLISTSOMEFREQUENTCONFLICTS11WESTERNCOUNTRYDINNERSETORIENTALMAYBESURPRISEDBYTABLEMANNERSINWESTERNCULTUREKNOWINGTHEMWILLHELPYOUMAKEAGOODIMPRESSIONHAVINGGOODTABLEMANNERSMEANSKNOWINGTHETHINGSSUCHASHOWTOUSEKNIVESANDFORKS,WHENTODRINKATOASTANDHOWTOBEHAVEATTHETABLE1EATINGINAMERICAN,THEDINNERSETYOUSHOULDKNOW,BESIDEYOURNAPKINYOUWILLFINDASMALLBREADROLLANDTHREEGLASSESONEFORWHITEWINE,ONEFORTHEREDWINE,ANDONEFORWATERTHEREARETWOPAIRSOFKNIVESANDFORKSONTHETABLE,FORKSONTHELEFTANDKNIVESINTHERIGHTOFTHEPLATEWHENYOUSEETWOSPOONS,THEBIGONEISFORTHESOUPANDTHESMALLONEFORTHEDESSERTTHEKNIFEANDFORKTHATARECLOSESTTOYOURPLATEAREALITTLEBIGGERTHANTHEONESBESIDETHEMWHENYOUSITDOWNATTHETABLE,YOUCANTAKEYOURNAPKIN,UNFOLDITANDPUTITONYOURLAPIFYOUHAVEENGLISHANDAMERICANFRIENDSYOUWILLNOTICEAFEWDIFFERENCESINTHEIRCUSTOMSOFEATINGFORTHEMAINORMEATCURSE,THEENGLISHKEEPTHEFORKINTHELEFTHANDPOINTCURVEDDOWNWARD,ANDBRINGSTHEFOODTOTHEMOUTHEITHERBYSTICKINGTHEPOINTSONTOITORINTHECASEOFSOFTVEGETABLES,BYPLACINGITFIRMLYONTHEFORKINTHISPOSITIONWITHTHEKNIFEAMERICANSCARVETHEMEATINTHESAMEPOSITION,THENLAYDOWNTHEKNIFEANDTAKINGTHEFORKINTHERIGHTHANDWITHTHEPOINTTURNEDUP,PUSHITUNDERASMALLPIECEOFFOODWITHOUTTHEHELPOFTHEKNIFEANDBRINGITTOTHEMOUTHRIGHTSIDEUP12CHINADINNERSETCOMPAREWITHTHEWESTERNTABLESETYOUWILLFINDTHATCHINADINNERSETISSIMPLEANDEASYTOUSEINCHINAYOUSOMETIMESGETAHOT,DAMPCLOTHTOCLEANYOURHANDS,WHICH,HOWEVERISNOTTHECUSTOMINWESTERNCOUNTRIESTHEMAINDIFFERENCEBETWEENCHINAANDWESTERNEATINGHABITSISTHATUNLIKETHEWEST,WHEREEVERYONEHASTHEIROWNPLATEOFFOOD,INCHINATHEDISHESAREPLACEDONTHETABLEANDEVERYBODYSHARESATTABLETHEYJUSTHAVEABOWL,ASPOONANDAPAIROFCHOPSTICKSOFCOURSETHECHOPSTICKSWILLTAKETHEPLACEOFKNIVESANDFORKS,IFYOUAREAVISITORINCHINAANDYOUDONNOTKNOWHOWTOUSETHECHOPSTICKSYOUCANASKTHEWAITERGIVEYOUAPAIROFKNIVESANDFORKSIFYOUAREINAFAMILYANDTHEYHAVENOKNIFEANDFORKYOUCANUSETHESPOONBECAUSECOMPAREWITHTHECHOPSTICKSTHESPOONISEASYANDCONVENIENT,THISISWHYTHECHILDRENOFTENUSESPOONSFREQUENTLY2THESPECIFICOFTABLEMANNERSTHEREAREMANYCULTURECONFLICTSINEATINGCUSTOMBETWEENCHINESECULTURALANDWESTERNCULTURE,ITISIMPOSSIBLEFORUSTOLISTTHEMOUTONEBYONETHEREHAVESOMEFREQUENTCONFLICTSARELISTEDOUT21HOWTOORDERARESTAURANTTHEMORESLAPUPTHERESTAURANTIS,THEMORENECESSARYTOORDERWHENMAKINGANORDER,YOUHAVETOTELLTHEEXACTNUMBEROFPERSONANDTHETIMEBUTALSOSHOWCLEARLYIFYOUWANTANONSMOKINGORWELLVIEWINGPLACEIFITISFORTHEBIRTHDAYORANYOTHERSPECIALDAYS,YOUCANMAKETHEMKNOWTHEPURPOSEANDBUDGETITISBASICALLYPOLITETHATYOUSHOULDARRIVEINTIME22BEFOREDINNERSTARTINWESTERNTHEDINNERSTARTWITHASMALLDISH,WHICHISOFTENCALLEDASTARTERSOMEPEOPLEPRAYBEFORETHEYSTARTEATINGANDOTHERPEOPLEMAYKEEPSILENTFORAMOMENTTHENYOUCANSAY“ENJOYYOURMEAL”TOEACHOTHERANDEVERYBODYSTARTEATINGFORTHESTARTERWHICHYOUEATWITHTHESMALLPAIR,YOUKEEPTHEKNIFEINYOURRIGHTHANDANDTHEFORKINYOURLEFTAFTERTHESTARTERYOUWILLGETABOWLOFSOUPBUTONLYONEBOWLOFSOUPANDNEVERASKFORASECONDSERVINGSOMETIMESTHEREISAFISHCOURSEITWILLPROBABLYFOLLOWTHESOUPTHEREMAYBEASPECIALFORKFORTHEFISH,ORITMAYBESIMILARTOTHEMEATFORKOFTENITISSMALLERBUTINCHINATHEREISNODINNERSTARTER23THEMAINCOURSEAFTERTHESTARTERISTHEMAINCOURSEMANYOCCIDENTALTHINKTHECHICKENBREASTWITHITSTENDERWHITEFLESHISTHEBESTPARTOFTHEBIRDIFYOUAREINSOMEONESFAMILYYOUMAYSEESOMEFAMILYMEMBERUSETHEIRFINGERSWHENTHEYEATINGCHICKENOROTHERBIRDS,YOUCANFOLLOWTHEMBUTNEVERTOUCHMEATINBONESWHENYOUAREEATINGINA3RESTAURANTINWESTERNCOUNTRYTHEMAINCOURSEOFTENSUPPLYASBEEFSTEAK、SHEEPSKINANDOTHERTHINGSINCHINAIFYOUAREBEINGTREATEDTOAFORMALDINNERANDPARTICULARLYIFTHEHOSTTHINKSYOUAREINTHECOUNTRYFORTHEFIRSTTIME,ATONOFFOODWILLBEPREPAREDFORYOUCHINESEAREVERYPROUDOFTHEIRCULTUREOFCUISINEANDWILLDOTHEIRBESTTOSHOWTHEIRHOSPITALITY,HEWILLDOTHEBESTTOGIVEYOUATASTEOFMANYDIFFERENTTYPESOFDISHESTHEMEALUSUALLYBEGINSWITHASETOFATLEASTFOURCOLDDISHES,ALWAYSTHEMEALINCLUDEPORK、CHICKEN、FISH、BEEFIFYOUVISITINNERMONGOLIA、TIBETTHEHOSTWILLGIVEYOUSOMEMILKTODRINKINGDURINGTHEMAINCOURSETHEFISHUSUALLYINALARGEDISHTOBEFOLLOWEDBYTHEMAINCOURSESOFHOTMEATANDVEGETABLEDISHESSOUPTHENWILLBESERVEDUNLESSINGUANGDONGSTYLERESTAURANTSTOBEFOLLOWEDBYSTAPLEFOODRANGINGFROMRICE,NOODLESTODUMPLINGSIFYOUWISHTOHAVEYOURRICETOGOWITHOTHERDISHES,YOUSHOULDSAYSOINGOODTIME,FORMOSTOFTHECHINESECHOOSETOHAVETHESTAPLEFOODATLASTORHAVENONEOFTHEMATALLPERHAPSONEOFTHETHINGSTHATSURPRISEAWESTERNVISITORMOSTISTHATSOMEOFTHECHINESEHOSTSLIKETOPUTFOODINTOTHEPLATESOFTHEIRGUESTSINFORMALDINNERS,THEREAREALWAYS“PUBLIC”CHOPSTICKSANDSPOONSFORTHISPURPOSE,BUTSOMEHOSTSMAYUSETHEIROWNCHOPSTICKSTHISISASIGNOFGENUINEFRIENDSHIPANDPOLITENESSTHEAPPROPRIATETHINGTODOWOULDBETOEATITITISALWAYSPOLITETOEATWHATEVERITISANDSAYHOWDELICIOUSITISIFYOUFEELUNCOMFORTABLEWITHTHIS,YOUCANJUSTSAYAPOLITETHANKYOUITISENOUGHANDLEAVETHEFOODTHERE24DRINKINGAFTERTHEMAINCOURSEISDESSERTINGENERALTHEDESSERTISCOFFEEORICECREAMIFYOUWANTOTHERTHINGSPLEASETELLTOYOURHOSTINWESTERNIFYOURFOODISDARKCOLORTHEWHITEWINEISBESTCHOICE,IFNOT,YOUSHOULDCHOICETHEREDWINE,MOSTWESTERNERSLIKESOFTDRINKIFTHEYWILLDRIVEHOMEINCHINAPEOPLEOFTENDRINKBAIJIUEXCEPTTWOMENANDCHILDRENBESIDESBEER,THEOFFICIALCHINESEALCOHOLICBEVERAGEISBAIJIU,HIGHPROOFCHINESELIQUORMADEFROMASSORTED4GRAINSTHEREAREVARYINGDEGREESOFBAIJIUTHEBEIJINGFAVORITEISCALLEDERGUOTOU,WHICHISAWHOPPING56ALCOHOLMOREEXPENSIVEAREMAOTAIANDWULIANGYESOMETIMESTHEYMIGHTCHOICEBEER,WOMENANDCHILDRENALWAYSDRINKINGSOFTDRINK、TEAORSOMEWATER25EATINGNONOSNOMATTERWHEREYOUAREYOUSHOULDKNOWTHETHINGSITCANHELPYOUKNOWTHECUSTOMITCANMAKEYOUGIVETHEHOSTGOODIMPRESSIONASAGUESTINCHINATHEFOLLOWTHINGSYOUSHOULDKNOW1DONTSTICKYOURCHOPSTICKSUPRIGHTINTHERICEBOWLINSTEAD,LAYTHEMONYOURDISHTHEREASONFORTHISISTHATWHENSOMEBODYDIES,THESHRINETOTHEMCONTAINSABOWLOFSANDORRICEWITHTWOSTICKSOFINCENSESTUCKUPRIGHTINIT2WHENNOTINUSE,CHOPSTICKSMUSTALWAYSBEPLACEDNEATLYONTHETABLEWITHTWOSTICKSLYINGTIDILYNEXTTOEACHOTHERATBOTHENDSNEVERPOINTTHECHOPSTICKSATANOTHERPERSONTHISAMOUNTSTOINSULTINGTHATPERSONANDISAMAJORFAUXPAS3MAKESURETHESPOUTOFTHETEAPOTISNOTFACINGANYONEITISIMPOLITETOSETTHETEAPOTDOWNWHERETHESPOUTISFACINGTOWARDSSOMEBODYTHESPOUTSHOULDALWAYSBEDIRECTEDTOWHERENOBODYISSITTING,USUALLYJUSTOUTWARDFROMTHETABLE4DONTTAPONYOURBOWLWITHYOURCHOPSTICKSBEGGARSTAPONTHEIRBOWLS,SOTHISISNOTPOLITEALSO,WHENTHEFOODISCOMINGTOOSLOWINARESTAURANT,PEOPLEWILLTAPTHEIRBOWLSIFYOUAREINSOMEONESHOME,ITISLIKEINSULTINGTHECOOK5DONTTURNOVERTHEFISHESPECIALLYYOUAREADRIVERWHENYOUAREINWESTERNCOUNTRYTHEOTHERTHINGSWILLHELPYOU1EATWITHAFORKUNLESSTHEFOODISMEANTTOBEEATENWITHFINGERSONLYBABIESEATWITHFINGERS2ALWAYSSAYTHANKYOUWHENSERVEDSOMETHING3IFTHEMEALISNOTBUFFETSTYLE,THENWAITUNTILEVERYONEISSERVEDBEFOREEATING4EATSLOWLY,DONTGOBBLEUPTHEFOODSOMEONETOOKALONGTIMETOPREPARETHE5FOOD,ENJOYITSLOWLYSLOWLYMEANSTOWAITABOUT5SECONDSAFTERSWALLOWINGBEFOREGETTINGANOTHERFORK5WHENEATINGROLLS,BREAKOFFAPIECEOFBREADBEFOREBUTTERINGEATINGAWHOLEPIECEOFBREADLOOKSTACKY6DONTREACHOVERSOMEONESPLATEFORSOMETHINGASKFORTHEITEMTOBEPASSEDTOYOU7ALWAYSUSEANAPKINTODABYOURMOUTH,WHICHSHOULDBEONYOURLAPWHENNOTINUSEREM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