铸造和铸造过程外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、材料加工铸造外文翻译

铸造和铸造过程外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、材料加工铸造外文翻译外文原文CASTINGANDITSPROCESSESINTRODUCTIONMANUFACTURINGPROCESSCANBECLASSIFIEDINTOTWOGENERALGROUPSKNOWNASPRIMARYANDSECONDARYPROCESSESTHEPRIMARYPROCESSESNAMELYCASTINGFORGINGCOLDHEADINGCOLDEXTRUDINGBRAKEFORMINGANDSOONARETHOSETHATCONVERTRAWMATERIALINTOSHAPESTHESEFORMINGMETHODSINCLUDEBOTHHOTANDCOLDWORKINGPROCESSESANDINGENERALWILLSTILLREQUIREFURTHERFINISHINGOPERATIONSINORDERTOOBTAINANENDPRODUCTTHESECONDARYPROCESSESARETHOSETHATBRINGTHEPARTTOTHEDIMENSIONSANDSURFACEFINISHSPECIFIEDONEMAYALSOINCLUDEINTHESECONDARYPROCESSESSUCHOPERATIONSASHEATTREATINGANDSURFACETREATMENTSFORCORROSIONRESISTANCEHARDNESSANDAPPEARANCESECONDARYPROCESSESAREPLANNINGTURNINGMILLINGDRILLINGBORINGREAMINGBROACHINGGRINDINGHONINGLAPPINGPOLISHINGANDSPECIALMETHODSOFMETALREMOVALSUCHASELECTROCHEMICALMACHININGOPERATIONSLIKESCREWCUTTINGTAPPINGTHREADMILLINGGEARCUTTINGANDSOONARESECONDARYPROCESSESTHATAREMERELYADAPTATIONSOFONEOFTHEAFOREMENTIONEDPROCESSESTHATAREMERELYADAPTIONOFONEOFTHEAFOREMENTIONEDPROCESSESACOMPLETEDISCUSSIONOFTHESEPROCEDURESISBEYONDTHESCOPEOFTHISTEXTTHEREFOREWEWILLCONFINEOURSELVESTOSUCCINCTDESCRIPTIONSOFTHEMOSTPROMINENTTECHNIQUES12CASTINGSCASTINGSAREIDENTIFIEDBYTHETYPEOFMOLDORTHEFORCEREQUIREDTOYFILLTHEMOLDMOLDSAREEITHERPERMANENTOREXPENDABLETHEPATTERNOFSANDSHELLANDPLASTERMOLDSHOWEVERCANBEUSEDREPEATEDLYFORMAKINGNEWMOLDSASTHEMETALCOOLSITTAKESTHESHAPEOFTHECAVITYTHEBASICCASTINGMETHODSAREDESCRIBEDBELOWSANDCASTINGS1THEGREENSANDPROCESSISONEINWHICHMOSTBONDEDSANDSPACKEDAROUNDAWOODORMETALPATTERNTHEPATTERNISTHENREMOVEDANDMOLTENMETALISPOUREDINTOTHECAVITYWHENTHEMETALSOLIDIFIESTHEMOLDISBROKENANDTHECASTINGISREMOVEDALMOSTANYMETALCANBEUSEDWITHVIRTUALLYNOLIMITASTOTHESIZEORSHAPEOFTHEPARTTHEMETHODPERMITSCASTINGCOMPLEXCOMPONENTSATALOWTOOLINGCOSTANDISTHEMOSTDIRECTROUTEFROMPATTERNTOCASTINGSOMEMACHININGISALWAYSNECESSARYWITHTHEGREENSANDPROCESSANDLARGECASTINGSHAVEROUGHSURFACEFINISHCLOSETOLERANCESAREDIFFICULTTOACHIEVEANDLONGTHINPROJECTIONSSHOULDNOTBECASTITISPOSSIBLEHOWEVERTODESIGNFORBOSSESUNDERCUTSANDINSERTSTHEMINIMUMCOREHOLEDIAMETERADVISABLEAREALUMINUM31614INANDTHEMINIMUMSECTIONTHICKNESSESADVISABLEAREALUMINUM316INCOOPER332INIRON332INMAGNESIUM5332INANDSTEEL1412IN2THEDRYSANDPROCESSISSIMILARTOTHEGREENSANDPROCESSEXCEPTTHATCOREBOXESAREUSEDINPLACEOFPATTERNSTHISMETHODISUSUALLYLIMITEDTOSMALLERPARTSTHANMETHOD1THESANDISBONDEDWITHASETTINGBINDERANDTHECOREISTHENOVENBAKEDAT300400TOREMOVETHEMOISTURE3THECARBENDIOXIDESANDPROCESSISONEINWHICHTHESANDMOLDSAREBONDEDWHITSODIUMSILICATESOLUTIONSANDSETBYFORCINGCARBONDIOXIDEGASTHROUGHTHESANDTHISTYPEOFMOLDISSTRONGANDPERMITSTHEPRODUCTIONOFBETTERDIMENSIONALLYCONTROLLEDCASTINGSTHANEITHERMETHOD1OR24THECORESANDMOLDPROCESSISONEWHERETHEMOLDSAREPUTTOGETHERCOMPLETELYFROMOVENBAKEDCORESSETWITHORGANICBINDERSSUCHASOILORDEXTRINESSHELLMOLDCASTINGTHISISAPROCESSWHERETHEMOLDSAREMADEBYCOATINGTHESANDWITHATHERMOSETTINGPLASTICTHEMOLDISTHENSUPPORTEDONTHEOUTSAIDBYSANDORSHOTANDMOLTENMETALISPOUREDWHENTHEMETALHASSOLIDIFIEDTHEMOLDISBROKENAWAYFROMTHEFINISHEDCASTINGSHELLMOLDINGPRODUCESCASTINGWITHSMOOTHSURFACESUNIFORMGRAINSTRUCTUREHIGHDIMENSIONALACCURACYRAPIDPRODUCTIONRATEANDMINIMALAMOUNTOFFINISHINGOPERATIONSTHEMINIMUMSECTIONTHICKNISSCASTABLEIS11614INBUTSECTIONDIFFERENCESWHERETHEIMUMMINIMUMRATIOISGREATERTHAN5TO1SHOULDBEAVOIDEDBOSSESUNDERCUTSANDINSERTSAREEASILYCASTANDTHEMINIMUMCOREDHOLEDIAMETERIS1814INTHEMETHODISRELATIVELYCOSTLYISLIMITEDTOFEWMETALSFULLMOLDCASTINGAPROCESSINWHICHAGREENSANDORCOLDSETTINGRESINBONDEDISPACKEDAROUNDAFOAMEDPLASTICPATTERNFOREXAMPLEPOLYSTYRENETHEPLASTICPATTERNISVAPORIZEDWITHTHEPOURINGOFTHEMOLTENMETALINTOTHEMOLDANIMPROVEDCASTINGSURFACECANBEOBTAINEDBYPUTTINGAREFRACTORYTYPEOFCOATINGONTHEPATTERNSURFACEBEFORESANDPACKINGTHEPATTERNCANBEONEPIECEORSEVERALPIECESDEPENDINGUPONTHECOMPLEXITYOFTHEPARTTOBECASTTHEPLASTICPATTERNSAREHANDLEDEASILYTHEYDONOTREQUIREANYDRAFTANDPRODUCENOFLASHONTHECASTINGFORSMALLQUANTITYPRODUCTIONTHISMETHODCANBEEXPENSIVEDEPENDINGUPONTHESIZEANDCOMPLEXITYOFTHECASTINGTHEMINIMUMRECOMMENDEDSECTIONTHICKNESSIS01INANDTHEIMUMSECTIONTHICKNESSISUNLIMITEDBOSSESUNDERCUTSANDINSERTSPRESENTNOPROBLEMINTHISTYPEOFCASTINGTHEMINIMUMCOREDHOLEDIAMETERIS14INPERMANENTMOLDCASTINGSTHESEAREFORMEDBYAMOLDTHATCANBEUSEDREPEATEDLYSOMEAPPLICATIONSHAVEREPORTEDASMANYAS25000CASTINGSBEINGMADEFROMTHESAMEMOLDUSUALLYTHEMOLDREQUIRESSOMEREDRESSINGAFTERABOUT3000USESTHEMOLDSAREMACHINEDOFMETALFOREXAMPLEGRAYIRONFORCASTINGNONFERROUSMETALSANDCASTITONSMACHINEDGRAPHITEMOLDSAREUSEDTOCASTSTEELTHISMETHODPRODUCESCASTINGSTHATHAVEAGOODSURFACEFINISHASWELLASAGOODGRAINSTRUCTURELOWPOROSITYANDHIGHDIMENSIONALACCURACYTHEINITIALMOLDCOSTISRELATIVELYEXPENSIVEBUTCASTINGSWEIGHINGASLITTLEASSEVERALOUNCESTOCASTINGSARELIMITEDTORELATIVELYSIMPLESHAPESANDFORMSTHEIMUMRECOMMENDEDSECTIONTHICKNESSISABOUT20INTHEMINIMUMTHICKNESSHOWEVERDEPENDSUOONTHEMATERIALBEINGCASTASFOLLOWS316INFORITON33218INFORALUMINUM532INFORMAGNESIUMAND332516INFORCOPPERTHEMINIMUMCASTABLEHOLESARE31614ININDIAMETERDIECASTINGAPROCESSUSEDEXTENSIVELYINTHEQUANTITYPRODUCTIONOFINTRICATELYSHAPEDZINCALUMIMUMLEADANDMAGNESIUMALLOYSTHEMETHODISLIM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司至铸件限于相对简单的形状并建议第最大厚度约为二点英寸的最小厚度材料被抛如下3十六英寸的ITON33218英寸