英语试题练习题教案学案课件2010高三二轮复习英语学法指导与语法难点

2010高三二轮复习英语学法指导与语法难点七一、完型填空题的几点说明完型填空是许多同学感到困惑的一个题型，其实明确了它的特点并认真训练是完全可以攻克这一难关的。完型填空是外语学习中一种综合练习或测试形式。在近些年高考的试卷中，完型填空被列为一项考查考生综合运用所学词汇和语法知识能力的重要题型。完型填空可以考查出学生阅读理解的能力如何,也可以看出他们写作技能的高低。同时又能鉴定出在一定语境下考生对词汇和惯用法的掌握情况。当然，由于做完型填空经常要借助上下文的内容进行推理判断，完型填空也是对思维能力的考核。完型填空一般是一篇有一定情节的短文，文章长度约200词左右，挖空20个。空与空之间一般间隔是910个词。备选答案主要是单个的词，以实词为主，主要是动词和名词。它有四项考查重点，即缺词阅读、词语辨析、写作能力和逻辑分析。现在的完型是意思的考核代替了明显的语法知识的考核，所给的四个备选答案几乎都不错，但其中只有一个是最佳的。做完型填空练习时首先要粗读全文，了解大意。要细读第一句，因为第一句一般不挖空，可得到较多信息。第一遍做题时争取先填出有把握的空，哪怕仅三五个。第二遍做题则逐个解决，只留下个别不会的题。注意后线索的现象，答案的提示不一定在前边。决定好答案后要注意它不但应该在单句中合理、从全文看也合理。判断的依据可以是环境因素，同义词语，反义词语，动作顺序，时间地点，连接词语及构词法知识。完型填空水平的提高取决于阅读与写作水平的提高。要练好阅读中的跳读与掠读的技术。要努力把英语句子写得通顺流畅。要重视动词名词中意义相近的同义词的辨析。还有就是学会逻辑推理，分析概括。所以，练完型不要急于求成，它是和你的读写水平一起提高的。二、语法知识易错点1全部倒装。1介词短语表方位提前，如INFRONTOF,INTHEDISTANCE等。INFRONTOFTHELAKELIESAHOUSE2做状语的副词置于句首，如IN,OUT,DOWN,UP,BACK,OVER,AWAY,OFF以及HERE,THERE,NOW,THEN等。但是主语为人称代词时不倒装。HERECOMESTHEBUSHEREHECOMES误INFRONTOFTHEHOUSEDIDASMALLBOYSIT正INFRONTOFTHEHOUSESATASMALLBOY2部分倒装。1否定词放在句首。如NEITHER,NOR,NEVER,HARDLY,SCARCELY,NOTONLY,SELDOM,LITTLE,RARELY,NOWHERE,BYNOMEANS,NOTUNTIL等。NOTUNTILMIDNIGHTDIDHECOMEBACK2频率状语放在句首。如OFTEN,ALWAYS,ONCE,MANYATIME,NOWANDAGAIN,EVERYOTHERDAY,EVERYTWODAYS等。OFTENDIDHETALKABOUTIT3方式状语放在句首。如THUS,SOIWASLATEFORSCHOOLANDSOWASHE4ONLY状语放在句首。ONLYINTHISWAYCANYOULEARNENGLISHWELL误ONLYCANYOUDOIT正ONLYYOUCANDOIT3在定语从句中，先行词为物的情况下，以下几种情况只能用THAT不能用WHICH。1有序数词或最高级修饰；ITSTHEFIRSTTIMETHATIHAVEBEENHERE2先行词为不定代词；THATISALLTHATIWANTTOKNOW3先行词由不定代词修饰；HEMENTIONEDALLTHEBOOKSTHATWERELAIDONTHETABLE4先行词有THEONLY,THEVERY,THELAST修饰；ITISTHEVERYDICTIONARYTHATINEED5先行词既有人又有物。误HETALKEDABOUTTHETEACHERSANDSCHOOLSWHICHHEHADVISITED正HETALKEDABOUTTHETEACHERSANDSCHOOLSTHATHEHADVISITED4只能用WHICH的情况有1介词后面；THISISTHEFACTORYINWHICHMYFATHERWORKS2，后面。IHAVEABOOK,WHICHISVERYINTERESTING误THISISTHEHOUSEINTHATISTAYED正THISISTHEHOUSEINWHICHISTAYED误IWASLATEFORSCHOOLAGAIN,THATMADETHETEACHERANGRY正IWASLATEFORSCHOOLAGAIN,WHICHMADETHETEACHERANGRY5IF条件句虚拟的构成。IFIWEREYOU,IWOULDGOTHEREALONEIFHEHADSTUDIEDHARD,HEWOULDHAVEPASSEDTHEEXAMIFISHOULDDO/WERETODO/DIDIT,IWOULDDOITINADIFFERENTWAY误IFHETOOKOURADVICE,HEWOULDNTBEINTROUBLE正IFHEHADTAKENOURADVICE,HEWOULDNTHAVEBEENINTROUBLE6主语从句的虚拟。1ITISADJTHATSBSHOULDDO常见的形容词有NECESSARY,IMPORTANT,STRANGE,NATURALITSIMPORTANTTHATHETAKEMYADVICE2ITISNTHATSBSHOULDDO常见的名词有APITY,ASHAME,NOWONDER,ONESWISHITSAPITYTHATHEBESOSILLY3ITISDONETHATSBSHOULDDO常见的过去分词有SUGGESTED,ADVISED,DEMANDED,REQUESTED,REQUIRED,ASKED,ORDERED,PROPOSED,DECIDED,DESIRED,INSISTED等。ITSREQUESTEDTHATSHEGOHOMEASSOONASPOSSIBLE误ITISIMPORTANTTHATHELEARNSENGLISH正ITISIMPORTANTTHATHELEARNENGLISH7宾语从句的虚拟。1表命令，表建议，表要求的动词，后接宾语从句虚拟。虚拟的构成为SHOULDDO。IADVISETHATHESTAYATHOME2WISH后接从句，虚拟的构成是往过去推一个时态。IWISHIHADWATCHEDTHEFOOTBALLMATCHLASTNIGHT误IWISHIWASYOU正IWISHIWEREYOU8注意以下几组词或短语用于虚拟语气中。1ASIF,ASTHOUGH误HESPEAKSENGLISHASIFHEWASANATIVESPEAKER正HESPEAKSENGLISHASIFHEWEREANATIVESPEAKER2OTHERWISE,BUT,EVENTHOUGH误HEWASILLOTHERWISEHEWOULDBETHERE正HEWASILLOTHERWISEHEWOULDHAVEBEENTHERE3WITH,WITHOUT,BUTFORWITHOUTYOURHELP,IWOULDHAVEDIEDTWOYEARSAGOBUTFORYOURHELP,IWOULDHAVEDIEDTWOYEARSAGO4WOULDRATHER误IDRATHERYOUTELLMEYOURSELF正IDRATHERYOUTOLDMEYOURSELF5ITSTIMETHATITSTIME