2014年甘肃医学继续教育——全员培训 2013年全国抗菌药物临床应用专项整治活动方案解读. 考试题及答案（continuing medical education in gansu in 2014 -- interpretation of the national special trainin

2014年甘肃医学继续教育全员培训2013年全国抗菌药物临床应用专项整治活动方案解读考试题及答案（CONTINUINGMEDICALEDUCATIONINGANSUIN2014INTERPRETATIONOFTHENATIONALSPECIALTRAININGPROGRAMFORCLINICALAPPLICATIONOFANTIBIOTICSIN2013“INTERPRETATIONOFTHECLINICALAPPLICATIONOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGSMANAGEMENTMEASURES“1,FOREMERGENCYRESCUEDYINGPATIENTS,PHYSICIANSCANLEAPFROGTHEUSEOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGSTHEINDICATIONSFORDRUGUSESHOULDBERECORDEDINDETAILANDTHENECESSARYPROCEDURESFORTHELEAPFROGUSEOFANTIBIOTICSSHOULDBECARRIEDOUTWITHINORHOURSWITHIN24A,48B,24C,12D,62,“THECLINICALAPPLICATIONOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGSMANAGEMENTMEASURES“COCHAPTER6,59A,6,69B,7,59C,7,69D,6,593,THECLINICALUSEOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGSANDGRADEDMANAGEMENTACCORDINGTOTHESAFETY,EFFICACY,BACTERIALRESISTANCE,PRICEANDOTHERFACTORS,ANTIBACTERIALDRUGSAREDIVIDEDINTOGRADETHREEA,THREEB,FOURC,FIVED,SIX4,“THECLINICALAPPLICATIONOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGSMANAGEMENTMEASURES“THEFIRSTCHAPTERCLEARTHEAPPLICABLESCOPEOFFOURA,SIXB,FIVEC,FOURD,THREE5,A“SPECIALUSELEVELOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGS“NARRATIVEISWRONGLOWPRICEOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGSA,NEEDTOSTRICTLYCONTROLTHEUSE,TOAVOIDEXCESSIVEBACTERIAPRODUCEANTIMICROBIALRESISTANCEB,WITHOBVIOUSORSEVEREADVERSEREACTIONS,ANTIBACTERIALDRUGSSHOULDNOTBEARBITRARILYUSEDC,CHEAPANTIBACTERIALDRUGSTHEDOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGS,THECURATIVEEFFECTANDSAFETYOFTHECLINICALDATAOFLESS6,REFERSTOTHELONGTERMCLINICALAPPLICATIONPROVEDSAFEANDEFFECTIVE,ANDHAVEAGREATERIMPACTONBACTERIALDRUGRESISTANCE,ORRELATIVELYHIGHPRICEOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGSLIMITINGTHEUSEOFANTIMICROBIALAGENTSA,NONSPECIALGRADEANTIBIOTICSB,RESTRICTEDUSEOFANTIMICROBIALAGENTSC,SPECIALGRADEANTIBIOTICSD,NONRESTRICTEDUSEOFANTIMICROBIALAGENTS7,“ANTIBACTERIALDRUGSCLINICALAPPLICATIONMANAGEMENTMEASURES“THETHIRDCHAPTERTHIRTYSECONDPOINTSOUTTHAT“THEMAINTARGETBACTERIALDRUGRESISTANCERATEEXCEEDSOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGS,SHOULDBETIMELYWARNINGINFORMATIONTOINFORMTHEMEDICALSTAFFOFTHISINSTITUTION“30A,75B,50C,30D,408,“THECLINICALAPPLICATIONOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGSMANAGEMENTMEASURES“INTHEPROCESSOFDRAFTINGCLOSELYAROUNDTHENATIONALDRUGPOLICYANDRATIONALMEDICATIONINCLINICALWORK,THEKEYPROVISIONSOFTHECONTENTSOFTHISERRORISTEMPORARILYDONOTNEEDTOESTABLISHTHEEARLYWARNINGMECHANISMOFBACTERIALRESISTANCEA,DONOTNEEDTOESTABLISHTHEEARLYWARNINGMECHANISMOFBACTERIALRESISTANCEB,THEESTABLISHMENTOFCLINICALAPPLICATIONOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGSCLASSIFICATIONMANAGEMENTSYSTEMC,STRENGTHENTHECLINICALAPPLICATIONOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGSANDMONITORINGOFBACTERIALRESISTANCEMONITORINGSYSTEMCONSTRUCTIOND,INCREASETHEPHENOMENONOFIRRATIONALDRUGUSEINTERVENTION9,“ANTIBACTERIALDRUGSCLINICALAPPLICATIONMANAGEMENTMETHOD“THEFIRSTCHAPTERFIFTHPOINTSOUTTHATTHECLINICALAPPLICATIONOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGSSHOULDFOLLOWTHEPRINCIPLEDOESNOTINCLUDEB,CONVENIENTPRINCIPLEA,SAFETYPRINCIPLEB,THEPRINCIPLEOFCONVENIENCEC,THEPRINCIPLEOFEFFECTIVENESSTHEPRINCIPLESOFDANDECONOMY10,“THECLINICALAPPLICATIONOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGSMANAGEMENTMEASURES“THIRDCHAPTERTWENTYTHIRDPOINTSOUTTHAT“REPAYINGORREPLACEMENTOFANTIBIOTICSORPINGUIINPRINCIPLEBACKINTOTHEMECHANISMOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGSSUPPLYDIRECTORY“D,NOT12MONTHSA,3B,6C,9D,12THESTATUSOFRESISTANCECHARACTERISTICSOFCOMMONANTIBIOTICSANDSEVERE1,ANDWHOTHETHEMEOFAWORLDHEALTHDAYISTOCURBANTIBIOTICRESISTANCETHESLOGAN“NOACTIONTODAY,NOMEDICINETOMORROW“A,2011APRIL7THA,2011APRIL7THB,2011MAY7THC,2011JUNE7THD,2011JULY7THTHEPHARMACOKINETICPARAMETERSOF2,ANDTHECURATIVEEFFECTOFANTIBIOTICSDDOESNOTINCLUDEDRUGS,FULLDECAYPERIODTHEAREAOFA,THEPLASMACONCENTRATIONTIMECURVEINTHECURVEAUCPEAKCONCENTRATIONSOFBANDPLASMADRUGSCMAXC,THEPLASMADRUGCONCENTRATIONWASHIGHERTHANMICMINIMUMINHIBITORYCONCENTRATIONTIMERATIOTMICDANDTHEWHOLEDECAYPERIODOFDRUGSIN3,PK/PDINTHEOPTIMIZATIONOFMEDICATIONSCHEMEINTHEROLEOFTHISERRORISSURVIVALOFCANDDRUGRESISTANTBACTERIAAANDOPTIMIZATIONOFANTIBACTERIALDRUGDELIVERYMETHODSB,IMPROVETHECLINICALEFFICACYSURVIVALOFCANDDRUGRESISTANTBACTERIAD,TOPREVENTTHEEMERGENCEOFRESISTANTSTRAINSANDTHERATIONALUSEOFANTIMICROBIALAGENTSTHREEASPECTS4,RATIONALUSEOFANTIBIOTICSSHOULDBEPAIDATTENTIONTONOTINCLUDEDB,EXTERNALENVIRONMENTA,PATIENTB,EXTERNALENVIRONMENTC,PATHOGEND,ANTIBACTERIALDRUGS5,REFERSTOTHEROLEOFDRUGSINTHEBODY,INVOLVINGTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHECONCENTRATIONOFDRUGSANDPHARMACOLOGICALACTION,TOXICSIDEEFFECTSBANDPHARMACODYNAMICSAANDPHARMACOKINETICSBANDPHARMACODYNAMICSCANDPHARMACOECONOMICSDANDDRUGBIOLOGY6THEERRORSINTHEDESCRIPTIONOFMETALLOBETALACTAMASE1INNEWDELHIARED,PANDRUGRESISTANTGRAMPOSITIVEBACILLIBISNOTANEWBACTERIUMD,PANDRUGRESISTANTGRAMPOSITIVEBACILLI7,REFERSTOTHEABSORPTION,DISTRIBUTION,METABOLISMANDCLEARANCEPROCESSOFDRUGSINHUMANBODY,WHICHISTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENDRUGEFFECTANDANTIBACTERIALEFFECT,INVITROPHARMACOKINETICPARAMETERSANDBACTERICIDALEFFECTAANDPHARMACOKINETICSAANDPHARMACOKINETICSBANDDRUGFLOWCANDPHARMACOECONOMICSDANDDRUGBIOLOGY8,OUTOFTHEPREDICAMENTNOTINCLUDING,WAITINGFORAA,WAITB,NEWDRUGRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTC,RATIONALUSEOFDRUGSD,HIGHSENSEOFMISSIONEFFECTOF9,THECURATIVEEFFECTOFANTIBIOTICSANDRELATEDPARAMETERSNOTINCLUDED,DREMOVALRATEOFANTIBIOTICRESISTANTBACTERIACANDTHECLEARANCERATEOFPATHOGENICBACTERIATHECLEARANCERATESOFDANDRESISTANTBACTERIA10,WITH1WEEKSWITHDRAWALINFECTIONCANHAVEARELAPSE“BELONGTOP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