0无损检测技术毕业论文 毕业设计

A1A0A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A91毕业设计（论文）（2012届）设计论文题目检测工艺规程系部机械工程技术系班级无损检测0911学生姓名指导教师二零一二年六月一日A10A11A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A192摘要磁粉检测，又称磁粉探伤或磁粉检验，是利用磁现象来检测材料和工件中的缺陷的方法。磁粉检测技术早期被用于航空、航海、汽车和铁路等部门，用来检测发动机、车轮轴和其他高应力部件的疲劳裂纹。本规程规定了磁粉检测人员资格、所用设备、器材、检测技术和质量分级等。磁粉检测的原理铁磁性材料工件被磁化后，由于不连续性的存在，使工件表面和近表面的磁感应线发生局部畸变而产生漏磁场，吸附施加在工件表面的磁粉，在合适的光照下形成目视可见的磁痕，从而显示出不连续性的位置、大G4579、形G10378和G1017G18337程G5242。本规程G6365G45G37G18G55G23G26G22G19G16G21G19G19G24和G54G60G18G55G23G20G19G28G16G21G19G19G24G11719G8845G15G3837G10135G8680G19062质G12661G17959G7092G6451检测的G16213G8726G13546G1901，适用于磁性材料的机加工件、G9950G13553、G7507材G3381G2487等表面和近表面缺陷的检测，适用于铁磁性材料G3837G9994G8680G19283G17767、G19610G17767、G12461场的G12661G17959G2462G5132G2399G19062G2058G1660G13604的G9950G6521G6521G3848表面、近表面缺陷的磁粉检测G994验G6922，不适用于磁性材料G994G19762磁性材料G9950G6521部位、G3897G8675G1319不G19164G19062和其他G19762磁性材料的检测。G7693G6466工件的G1972G1321形G10378、G4622G4556大G4579和G8454发现缺陷的方G2533而在工件G990G5326G12447的磁场方G2533，G4570磁化方法G980G14336分G1038G2620G2533磁化、G13449G2533磁化和G3822G2533磁化。所G16871G2620G2533G994G13449G2533，是G11468G4557被检工件G990的磁场而G16340的。磁粉检测器材G7389磁粉G708G14651光磁粉和G19762G14651光磁粉G709、G17745G9094G708G8845G3534G17745G9094和G8712G17745G9094G709磁G5760G9094、G2465G5058G3698G5390G2070、G7643G1946G16809G10267和G7643G1946G16809G3371等等。磁粉检测设备的分G12879形G5347G1075不G980G7691，G5132见的磁粉检测设备G7389G6670G5114G5347探伤机G3926G11017磁G17729、G1144G2461磁G17729、G5114G11017G7509G16314G3848的G4579G3423磁粉探伤机或G8716G1049磁铁等。磁粉检测工G14414，是G6363G2265G2559磁粉检测的G20056G3800理、磁化G708G17885G6333磁化方法和磁化规G14551G709、施加磁粉或磁G5760G9094、磁痕的观察G994记录、缺陷评级、退磁和后G3800理七个程序的全过程。磁粉检测的时机应G7693G6466不同的材料工件而定。磁化、施加磁粉或磁G5760G9094的方法G7389连续法、剩磁法、干法。特种设备磁粉检测通用工G14414规程至少应G2265括以下内容适用G14551围；引用G7643G1946法规；检测人员资格；检测设备、器材和材料；检测表面G2058备；检测时机；检测工G14414和检测技术；检测结果的评定和质量等级的分G12879；检测记录、报告和资料存档；G13546G2058G708级别G709、审核G708级别G709和批G1946人；G2058定日期。关键词磁粉检测原理检测G4557象检测器材通用工G14414规程A20A21A22A23A24A25A26A27A28A293第一章磁粉检测的概述磁粉检测技术早期被用于航空、航海、汽车和铁路部门，用来检测发动机车轮轴和其它高应力部件的疲劳裂纹。在G21G19世纪G22G19年代，固定G5347、移动G5347磁化设备和便G6670G5347磁G17729G11468继研G2058成功，湿法技术G1075得到应用，退磁问题G1075得到了解决。磁粉检测是利用磁现象来检测工件中缺陷的，它是漏磁场检测方法中G5132用的G980种。现在国外磁粉检测设备从固定G5347、移动G5347到便G6670G5347，从半自动、全自动到专用设备，从单G2533磁化到G3822G2533磁化，设备已系列化和商品化。我国近年来磁粉检测设备发展G1075很快，磁粉检测设备已实现了专业化和系列化，三G11468全波直流检测超低频设备的性能G994国外同G12879设备的G8712平G11468当。11磁粉检测111磁粉检测原理铁磁材料工件被磁化后，由于不连续性的存在，使工件表面和近表面的磁感应线发生局部畸变而产生漏磁场，吸附施加在工件表面的磁粉，在合适的光照下形成目视可见的磁痕，从而显示出不连续性的位置、大G4579、形G10378和G1017G18337程G5242。112磁粉检测适用范围（1）适用于检测铁磁性材料G708G3926G206MNR，G21G19GG15G22G19CRMNG54IAG709工件表面和近表面G4622G4556很G4579、间隙G7509窄G708G3926可检测出G19G20MM、宽G1038微米级的裂纹G709和目视难以看见的缺陷。马G8675G1319不G19164G19062和沉淀硬化不G19164G19062材料G3926G20CRG20G26NIG26具G7389磁性，因而可以进行磁粉检测。不适用于G19762磁性材料，比G3926G3897G8675G1319不G19164G19062材料G708G3926G20CRG208NIG28G15G19CRG208NIG28G55IG709和用G3897G8675G1319不G19164G19062G9950条G9950G6521的G9950G13553，G1075不适用于检测铜铝、镁、钛合金等G19762磁性材料。（2）适用于检测工件表面和近表面的裂纹，白点、发纹、折叠、冷隔、G8680孔和G3853G7446等缺陷，G1306不适用于检测工件表面G8985而宽的G2022伤、G19036孔G10378缺陷、G3487G15267G17751G9157的内部缺陷和G5322G1292方G2533G994磁感应线方G2533G3853G16294G4579于G21G19G101的缺陷（3）适用于检测G7422加工的原材料G708G3926G19062G3395G709和加工的半成品、成品件G2462使用过的工件G2462特种设备。（4）适用于检测G12661材、G7846材、G7507材、G3423材和G19215G19062件、G19148G19062件G2462G9950G6521件。113磁粉检测程序特种设备磁粉检测的七个程序是G708G20G709G20056G3800理；G21磁化；G708G22G709施加磁粉或磁G5760G9094；G708G23G709磁痕的观察G994记录；G708G24G709缺陷评级；G7086G709退磁；G708G26G709后G3800理。114磁粉检测的优点及其局限性1磁粉检测的优点G20G709可检测出铁磁性材料表面和近表面G708G5332G2487和不G5332G2487G709的缺陷。G21能直观G3332显示出缺陷的位置、形G10378、大G4579和G1017G18337程G5242。G22具G7389很高的检测G9801G6947G5242，可检测微米级宽G5242的缺陷。G23G709单个工件检测G17907G5242快，工件G12628单，成本低G5277，G8757G7591少。G24G709G18331用合适的磁化方法，G1972G1058可以检测到工件表面的G2520个部位，G3534本G990不G2475工件大G4579和G1972G1321形G10378的G19492G2058。A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A3946G709缺陷检测G18337G3809性G3921。G26G709可检测G2475G14116G15444的表面。（2）磁粉检测的局限性G20G709G2494适用于铁磁性材料，不能检测G3897G8675G1319不G19164G19062材料和G3897G8675G1319不G19164G19062G9950G13553G2462其他G19762铁磁性材料。G21G709G2494能检测表面和近表面缺陷。G22G709检测时的G9801G6947G5242G994磁化方G2533G7389很大G1863系，G14521缺陷G6930G2533G994磁化方G2533近G1296平行或缺陷G994工件表面G3853G16294G4579于G21G19G101，缺陷G4613难以发现。G2490外，表面G8985而宽的G2022伤、G19215G17908G11397折G1075不G7143发现。G23G709G2475G1972G1321形G10378G5445G2721，G7143产生G19762G11468G1863显示。G24G709G14521工件表面G7389G16218G11434G4630，G4570G4557磁粉检测G7389不G14403G5445G2721。用通G11017法和G16314G3848法磁化时，G7143产生G11017G5371，G9915伤工件。因G8504，G11017G6521G16314部位的G19762G4560G11017G16218G11434G4630G5529G20047G6183G11964G6493。6G709部分磁化后具G7389G17751大的剩磁的工件G19668G16213进行退磁G3800理。115表面无损检测方法的比较A40A41A42A43A44A45A46A47A48A49A50A41A42A44A45A46A47A51A52A53A54A55A56A57A58A59A60A61A62A63A64A57A58A59A65A61A62A66A67A57A58A59A68A61A62A51A52A69A70A55A71A72A73A74A75A63A64A72A73A76A55A77A78A72A73A79A73A80A81A82A55A83A80A84A85A86A87A83A80A84A88A76A80A84A89A57A58A90A91A92A93A94A95A96A97A94A95A92A93A94A95A98A99A92A93A94A95A100A94A101A92A93A78A73A102A103A104A105A106A107A108A105A106A107A109A110A106A111A80A107A112A80A107A113A80A107A114A115A106A107A116A117A118A106A100A119A73A120A91A121A122A118A106A57A58A123A124A85A86A87A83A80A84A118A106A100A119A73A120A91A121A122A118A106A57A58A111A80A125A80A112A80A126A118A106A57A58A127A80A84A128A129A57A130A96A131A132A127A133A134A58A135A126A136A137A57A58A92A93A138A139A107A140A141A142A143A144A142A145A146A142A147A148A149A142A150A151A152A141A142A143A144A142A153A154A155A156A142A147A148A149A152A141A142A157A158A159A160A161A162A159A160A163A164A165A166A167A168A157A169A170A171A172A173A174A163A175A176A177A178A179A164A180A168A181A182A183A184A165A166A184A185A186A187A188A169A189A190A191A169A170A186A192A169A193A171A172A173A167A194A171A195A196A197A198A182A183A174A199A200A167A159A160A165A166A163A164A201A202A201A202A203A201A202A165A166A204A158A205A206A207A208A209A210A211A207A208A209A210A211A212A213A205A206A214A215A162A216A217A216A217A218A219A220A221A162A217A222A223A224A222A225A226A227A228A160A229A230A231A217A232A217A233A224A232A219A220A234A235A203A236A237A238A234A239A174A165A166A240A241A167A242A243A244A219A245A203A236A237A238A234A239A186A246A174A165A166A240A241A167A247A186A246A248A148A167A237A238A203A249A250A251A252A253A254A255A1A0A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A95A171A10A219A220A11A167A214A215A162A12A169A160A240A241A252A224A208A13A14A177A15A78A203A250A133A182A251A180A16A249A250A24A185A189A219A245A29A177A15A78A36A17A18A19A219A220A20A21第二章磁化设备、工具和材料21磁化设备及校验211磁化设备G2058G17908G2390G3423G2507结G7512形G5347G8755G14499G4568G19463G7092线G11017G2390CG39G59G16G23G3423G13464合G5347G8755G14499G4568G19463探伤机G2390G39CG55G13464合G5347G990海探伤机G2390CG40G39G16G21G19G19G19G13464合G5347A20A22212G17753G2173设备G20磁场G5390G5242G16757；G21AG20G3423、CG3423G16809G10267、G7643G1946G16809G3371和磁场G6363示器；G22磁G5760G9094G8999G5242沉淀G12661；G23G21G1505G794G20G19G1505G6930大G19248；G24白光照G5242G16757；6G21669光G9795；G26G21669光G17764照G16757；8G75G8639特G7043G6301G16757。22灵敏度试片G21G714G21G714G20AG3423G9801G6947G5242G16809G10267用于检验磁粉探伤设备、磁粉和磁G5760G9094的G13520合性能。用于检测被检工件表面的磁场方G2533，G7389G6940磁化G14551围和大G14280的G7389G6940磁场G5390G5242。G21G714G21G714G21磁粉检测时G980G14336应G17885用AG20G16G22G19G18G20G19G19G3423G7643G1946G16809G10267。当检测G9950G13553G3381G2487等G10433G4579部位，由于G4622G4556G1863系，AG20G3423G7643G1946G16809G10267使用不便时，G980G14336可G17885用CG16G20G24G18G24G19G3423G7643G1946G16809G10267。G21G714G21G714G22G9801G6947G5242G16809G10267的使用G68G709G7643G1946G16809G10267适用于连续磁化法，使用时，应G4570G16809G10267G7092人工缺陷的面G7409外。G1038使G16809G10267G994被检面G6521G16314G14403G3921，可用G17891G7138G14026G5114G4570其平G6984G12908G17160在被检面G990，G5194G8892G5859G14026G5114不能G16218G11434G16809G10267G990的人工缺陷。G69G709G7643G1946G16809G10267表面G7389G19164G15444、G16138折或磁特性发生G6925变时不得继续使用A23A25A26A27A28A30A31A32A33A28A30A31A32A34A35A37A38A39A40A37A38A39A40A32A41A42A43A43A44A44A45A46A47A48A46A47A48A49A49A50A51A52A53A52A53A54A55A56A57A58A59A60A57A58A59A60A59A60A54A54A61A61A62A63A64A65A66A67A68A69A70A716A72A184A73A74A184A73A185A186A75A76A77A184A73A185A190A76A75A76A77A184A73A185A191A77A75A76A77A184A73A185A190A76A75A190A77A77A184A73A185A191A77A75A190A77A77A184A73A185A192A77A75A190A77A77A193A74A193A185A194A75A76A77A193A185A190A76A75A76A77A195A185A190A76A75A76A77A79A80CA81A82A83A84A85A86A87A88A81A82A84A85A86A875A89A90A91A92A93A94A95A96A90A91A92A93A95A96A97A98A9923磁粉及磁悬液G21G714G22G714G20磁粉磁粉应具G7389高磁G4560G10587、低G11711G20049力和低剩磁，G5194应G994被检工件表面G20080G14406G7389G17751高的G4557比G5242。磁粉G12902G5242和性能的其他G16213G8726应G12538合G45G37G18G556G196G22的规定。G21G714G22G714G21磁G5760G9094磁粉和G17745G9094G6365G980定比G1375G9163合而成的G5760G9026G9094G1319。G20磁G5760G9094的G12908G5242应G6523G2058在G24G19G19G19G51G68G86G16G21G19G19G19G19G51G68G86G708G21G24G263G709，G21磁G5760G9094可用磁G14179G18209G2058，其G8999G5242G6365磁G14179使用G16840G7138G1082G18209G2058。磁G5760G9094的G8999G5242应G12538合G980下规定G19762G14651光磁粉G18209G2058G8999G5242G708GG18G47G709G20G19G16G21G24沉淀G8999G5242G708MG47G18G20G19G19MG47G709G20G21G16G21G23G14651光磁粉G18209G2058G8999G5242G708GG18G47G709G19G24G16G22G19沉淀G8999G5242G708MG47G18G20G19G19MG47G709G19G20G16G19G23G21G714G22G714G22施加磁G5760G9094使用G2955G9094器或其他G7389G6940方法进行。24课题中使用的设备、器材G21G23G20探伤设备CG40WG16G21G19G19G19CG60G39G16G22G19G19G19或CG40WG166G19G19G19G15CG40WG16G20G19G19G19G19G21G23G21G7643G1946G16809G3371AA100G16G22G19G18G20G19G19齿CG168G24G19，G39G26G18G24G19G15AA100G26G18G24G19轴面AA100G26G18G24G19G21G23G22磁粉、G17745G9094G2462磁G5760G9094沉淀G8999G5242G60CG21G3423G14651光磁粉G47G51WG16G22G2507G8845G3534G17745G9094G19G20G16G19G23MLG18G20G19G19MG47或G21669磁粉G708G37WG16G20G3423G21669磁G14179G709G8712G20G21G16G21G23MG47G18G20G19G19MG47G21G23G23磁G5760G9094施加方法G2955、浇磁G5760G9094均可第三章磁化技术31磁化方法G22G714G20G714G20纵向磁化G20G714磁G17729法A101A102A103A104A105A106A107A108A109A1107G20提升力应大于G23G24N，G5194用G20G24G18G20G19G19或G22G19G18G20G19G19的AG3423G16809G10267进行G13520合性能G16809验。磁G17729磁化的间距应G6523G2058在G26G24G21G19G19MMG14551围内，检测的G7389G6940区域G1038两G7509中心连线两侧G2520G24G19MM的G14551围内，磁化区域每次应G7389G20G24MMG18337叠。G21磁G17729法的优缺点磁G17729法的优点G68G19762G11017G6521G16314。G69G6925变磁G17729方位，可发现任G1321方G2533的缺陷。C便G6670G5347磁G17729可G5114到现场检测，G9801活，方便。D可用于检测G5114漆G4630的工件G708当漆G4630厚G5242允许时G709。E检测G9801G6947G5242高。磁G17729法的缺点G68G1972G1321形G10378G3809G7446的工件检验G17751困难。G69磁G17729G5529G20047G6930到G7389利于缺陷检出的方G2533。C用便G6670G5347磁G17729G980次磁化G2494能检验G17751G4579的区域，大面积检验时，G16213G8726分G3371累积，G6940G10587很低。D磁G17729磁化时应G994工件G6521G16314G3921，尽量减G4579间隙的G5445G2721。G22磁G17729法的适用G14551围磁G17729法适用于特种设备平G7507G4557G6521G9950G6521、G55形G9950G13553、G12661G7507G9950G13553、G16294G9950G13553以G2462大G3423G19148件、G19215件和G7507材的局部磁粉检测。G6984G1319磁化适用于零件横截面的G13449G19283零件的磁粉检测。G21线圈法线圈法的G7389G6940磁化区是从线圈端部G2533外G5322G1292到G20G24G19MM的G14551围内。超过G20G24G19MM以外区域，磁化G5390G5242应G18331用G7643G1946G16809G10267确定。G20低充填因数线圈法当线圈的横截面积大于或等于被检工件横截面积的G20G19G1505时，使用下述公G5347偏心G6930置时，线圈的磁化G11017流G6365G5347G708G20G709G16757算G708误G5058G1038G20G19G709G708G20G709正中G6930置时，线圈的磁化G11017流G6365G5347G708G21G709G16757算G708误G5058G1038G20G19G709G708G21G709以G990G2520G5347中I施加在线圈G990的磁化G11017流，A；N线圈匝数；G47工件G19283G5242，MM；G39工件直径或横截面G990最大G4622G4556，MM；R线圈半径，MM。G708G21G709高充填因数线圈法。A111A112A113A114A115A116A117A118A119A1208用固定线圈或G11017缆缠绕进行检测，G14521G8504时线圈的截面积G4579于或等于G21G1505工件截面积G708G2265括中空部分G709，磁化时，可G6365G5347G708G22G709G16757算磁化G11017流G708误G5058G20G19G709G708G22G709G5347中G2520G12538G2507G5859义同G5347G708G20G709。G22中充填因数线圈法。当线圈大于G21G1505而G4579于G20G19G1505被检工件截面积时，8/210YNIYNINILHG708G23G709G5347中G708NIG709G75G5347G708G22G709高充填因数线圈G16757算的NI值。G708NIG709LG5347G708G20G709或G5347G708G21G709低充填因数线圈G16757算的NI值。G60线圈的横截面积G994工件横截面积之比。G23G990述公G5347不适用于G19283径比G708G47G18G39G709G4579于G21的工件。G4557于G19283径比G708G47G18G39G709G4579于G21的工件，G14521G16213使用线圈法时，可利用磁G7509加G19283G3371来提高G19283径比的G7389G6940值或G18331用G7643G1946G16809G10267实测来决定G11017流值。G4557于G19283径比G708G47G18G39G709大于等于G20G24的工件，公G5347中G708G47G18G39G709取G20G24。G24当被检工件太G19283时，应进行分段磁化，且应G7389G980定的G18337叠区。G18337叠区应不G4579于分段检测G19283G5242的G20G19。检测时，磁化G11017流应G7693G6466G7643G1946G16809G10267实测结果来确定。6当被检工件太G19283时，应进行分段磁化，且应G7389G980定的G18337叠区。G18337叠区应不G4579于分段检测G19283G5242的G20G19。检测时，磁化G11017流应G7693G6466G7643G1946G16809G10267实测结果来确定。G26G16757算空心工件时，G8504时工件直径G39应由G7389G6940直径G39EFF代替。G4557于圆筒形工件G39EFFG708G39OG709G21G16G708G39IG709G21G20G18G21G708G24G709G5347中G39O圆筒外直径，MM；G39I圆筒内直径，MM。G4557于G19762圆筒形工件G39EFFG21PIHTAAG7086G709G5347中AT零件总的横截面积，MMG21；AG75零件中空部分的横截面积，MMG21。32周向磁化G22G714G21G714G20轴G2533通G11017法磁化G11017流G6365表G23G16757算轴G2533通G11017法适用于特种设备实心和空心工件的G9950G13553、机加工件、轴G12879、G12661子、G19148G19062件和G19215G19062件的磁粉检测。G22G714G21G714G21G16314G3848法用G16314G3848法局部磁化大工件时，磁化G11017流见表G24G22G714G21G714G22G18331用G16314G3848法时，G11017G7509间距应G6523G2058在G26G24MMG794G21G19G19MM之间。磁场的G7389G6940宽G5242G1038G16314G3848中心线两侧G20G18G23G7509距，通G11017时间不应太G19283，G11017G7509G994工件之间应保持G14403G3921的A111A112A113A114A115A116A117A118A119A1209G6521G16314，以免G9915伤工件。两次磁化区域间应G7389不G4579于G20G19的磁化G18337叠区。检测时磁化G11017流应G7693G6466G7643G1946G16809G10267实测结果来校正。G22G21G23轴G2533通G11017法和G16314G3848法产生G6183火G9915伤的原因是G20工件G994两磁化G3853G3848G6521G16314部位G7389铁G19164、氧化皮G2462赃物。G21磁化G11017流过大。G22G3853持G2399力不足。G23在磁化G3853G3848通G11017时G3853持或松G5332工件。33旋转磁场磁化（交叉磁轭法）提升力应大于G20G208N，G5194用G20G24G18G20G19G19或G22G19G18G20G19G19的AG3423G16809G10267进行G13520合性能G16809验。磁G17729磁化的间距应G6523G2058在G24G19G21G19G19MMG14551围内，检测的G7389G6940区域G1038两G7509中心连线两侧G2520G24G19MM的G14551围内，磁化区域每次应G7389G20G24MMG18337叠。磁化G11017流可G17885用G1144流。A121A122A123A124A125A126A127A128A129A130A131A132A127A134A135A136A137A123A124A126A127A128A129A132A127A135A136A138A139A140A141A142A143A144A145A146A147A148A149A150A145A144A151A145A144A152A153A145A144A154A155A141IA1568A15715A158DIA15612A15732A158DA159A142A141IA15625A15745A158DIA15625A15745A158DA160A161DA162A163A164A165A166A167A168A169A170A172A173A162A163A164A165A167A168A172A173A174MMA175A176A178A179A181A182A183A187A188A189A196A182A183A187A188A197A198A199A200TA201MMA202A203A204IA201ATA20519A20635A20745A208A209A210A211A212A213TA21419A2064A2075A208A209A210A211A212A21334偏置芯棒法A215A216A217A218A219A220A221A222A223A201A224A202A203A225A226A227A228A229A230A231A232A223A233A234A217A235A236A237A238A222A239A240A229A230A201A237A238A233A241A242A243A244A245A236A201A220A221A246A243A244A247A210A223A233A234A248A249A250A251A252A253A254A255A72A0A229A230A1A2A3A4A54A209A237A238A30A80A206A81A61A208,A83A233A72A7A8A9A10A11A1A201A10A11A1A2A3A233A225A87A12A72A0A229A230A1A910A20604DA208A253A13A14A202A203A15A16A171A218A39A18A19A20A201A18A218DA9A86A204A248A237A238A30A80A21A22A209A23A24A244A25A253HA97A13A26A99FA97A100A27A61A235A236A237A238A222A229A230A72A0A1A28A29A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A3810偏置芯G7846法检测适用于局部检验空心工件内、外表面G994G11017流方G2533平行的缺陷和端面的径G2533缺陷。35课题中使用的磁化方法G20线圈法G21G20轴G2533通G11017法IA40G21线圈法G708IA41G70936焊缝的典型磁化方法磁G17729法和G16314G3848法的典G3423磁化方法见表G37G20，绕G11017缆法和G1144G2461磁G17729法的典G3423磁化方法见表G37G21。第四章检测方法41检测方法分类G7693G6466不同的分G12879条件，磁粉检测方法的分G12879G3926表6所示。A42A77A61A43A44A45A46A47A48A49A44A45A46A47A102A104A105A50A51A52A53A54A55A56A70A57A51A52A58A59A60A108A56A62A109A63A64A111A109A63A65A64A112A56A62A109A63A64A111A109A63A65A70A57A51A52A58A66A67A68A69A56A64A71A51A56A51A73A55A56A114A74A75A76A56A64A78A79A56A64A117A82A56A64A51A84A56A64A85A88A89A60A56A64A90A91A51A84A56A42A7742干法干法，又叫干粉法，通G5132用于G1144流和半波G6984流的磁化G11017流或磁G17729进行连续法检测的情况，G18331用干法时，应确认检测面和磁粉已完全干燥，G9994后再施加磁粉。43湿法湿法，又叫磁G5760G9094法，主G16213用于连续法和剩磁法检测。G18331用湿法时，应确认G6984个检测面被磁G5760G9094湿润后，再施加磁G5760G9094。由于施加磁G5760G9094的时间不同，湿法又G7389连续法和剩磁法磁化之分。G23G22G20应用G14551围G20适用于特种设备G990的G9950G13553、宇航工件G2462G9801G6947G5242G16213G8726G17751高的工件的检测G21适用于大批量工件的检测，G5132G994固定G5347设备G18209合使用，磁G5760G9094可回G6922。G22适用于检测表面微G4579缺陷，G3926疲劳裂纹、G11964削裂纹、G9950G6521裂纹和发纹等G23G22G21操作G16213点G20磁G5760G9094施加可G18331用浇法、G2955法和浸法，G1306不能G18331用刷涂法。G21连续法宜用浇法和G2955法，G9094流G16213微弱，以免冲刷G6493缺陷G990已形成的磁痕显示。G22剩磁法宜用浇法、G2955法和浸法。浇法和G2955法G9801G6947G5242低于浸法；浸法的浸G6930时间G980G14336G6523G2058在G20G19G794G21G19G86，时间过G19283会产生过G5242背景。A42A92A93A94A61A95A47A96A98A101A47A103A106A107A61A110A46A47A98A101A61A95A47A103A106A107A61A110A46A47A113A115A116A118A119A120A121A122A123A116A113A115A118A119A120A121A124A125A126A127A128A129A130A131A132A13311A134A135A136A137A138A138A139A140A134A141A142A143A144A145A146A147A134A135A136A137A138A138A139A140A134A141A142A143A144A145A146A147A134A135A136A137A138A138A139A140A134A141A142A134A135A136A137A138A138A139A140A134A141A142L1A14875MMBA149A150L1/2B2A150L2A15150L2A14875MMLA15275MMBA153L/2L1A15475MML2A15575MMB1A156L1/2B2A156L2A15750LA15875MMBA159L/2L1A16075MML2A16075MMBA161A162L1/2B2A162L2A16350LA16475MMBA165L/244连续法G18331用连续法时，被检工件的磁化、施加磁粉的工G14414以G2462观察磁痕显示都应在磁化通G11017时间内完成，通G11017时间G1038G20G86G794G22G86，停施磁G5760G9094至少G20G86后方可停止磁化。G1038保证磁化G6940果应至少G2465G3809磁化两次。A166A167A168A169A170A171A172A173A174A175A176A177A178A173A179A180A181A177A182A183A173A171A172A174A175A178A173A180A181A170A171A172A173A179A180A181A177A182A183A173A171A172A183A173A184A185A186A187A188A189A190A191A186A192A193A188A186A187A188A189A192A193A194A195A196A197A198A199A200A201A202A20312A204A205A206AA206A207A205A208A209A210A211A212A213A214A215A216A210A211A217A218A219A212A213A220A221A222AA223A224A225A226A227A228A229A230A231A232A233A234A235A236A237A238AA239A240A241A242A243A244A245A246A247A248A248A249A249A249A250A251A252A252A253A254A255A5A252A252A0A1A2A3A19A74A4A6A21A255A7A252A252A134A8A9A2A10A11A12A13A14A15A71A126A16A17A18A20A22A23A134A8A24A27A0A25A26A28A29A30A31A32A33A34A23A13A35A36A34A71A154A16A17A18A20A37A23A134A8A24A27A0A25A26A28A29A30A31A32A33A34A23A7145剩磁法G23G714G24G714G20剩磁法主G16213用在G11711G20049力在G20KAG18M以G990，G5194能保持足够的剩磁场G708剩磁在G198G55以G990G709的被检工件G990。G23G714G24G714G21G18331用剩磁法时，磁粉应在通G11017结束后再施加，G980G14336通G11017时间G1038G19G21G24G86G794LG86。施加磁粉或磁G5760G9094之前，任G1321G5390磁性物G1319不得G6521G16314被检工件表面。G23G714G24G714G22G18331用G1144流磁化法时，应G18209备断G11017G11468位G6523G2058器以确保工件的磁化G6940果。A38A39A40A41A42A43A44A45A46A4713G23G24G23连续法和剩磁法检测的比G17751A48A87A88A