电子设计竞赛论文(智能排气扇)

1电子设计竞赛设计报告参赛题目智能排气扇设计摘要本智能排气扇以STC12C5A08S2为核心控制单元，通过远红外传感器探测热水器加热火焰来判定热水的开停。采用抗干扰能力强，精度高的数字温度传感器DS18B20感知温度，结合晶闸管BT136，实现无级调速。系统通过1602液晶把温度、湿度，转速等实时信息反馈给使用者。使用者也可通过键盘实现排气扇的本地控制。本设计通过霍尔传感器进行转速的采集，进而实现排气扇卡死等故障的自我检测。关键词智能排气扇远红外传感器霍尔传感器ABSTRACTTHEINTELLIGENTEXHAUSTFANISBASEONSTC12C5A08S2MICROCONTROLUNITWITHTHEHELPOFFARINFRAREDHEATSENSORS,ITCANDETECTTHEOPENINGOFTHEFLAMEANDDETERMINETHEACTIONOFWATERHEATERBYUSINGTHEANTIINTERFERENCEABILITY,HIGHACCURACYDIGITALTEMPERATURESENSORDS18B20ANDCOMBINEDWITHSCRBT136,THISINTELLIGENTEXHAUSTFANCANCONTROLSPEEDWHICHISBASEONTEMPERATUREUSERSCANGETTHEINFORMATIONOFTEMPERATURE,HUMIDITYANDSPEEDTHROUGH1602SCREENUSERSCANALSOCONTROLTHEEXHAUSTFANTHROUGHKEYBOARDTHISDESIGNCANDETECTIVETHESPEEDOFTHEEXHAUSTFANBYHALLELEMENT,SOTHATITCANWARNTHEUSERWHENTHEFANWORKABNORMALLYKEYWORDSINTELLIGENTEXHAUSTFANINFRAREDSENSORHALLSENSOR2目录1前言321总体系统设计422微控制器方案523故障检测方案524热水开停检测方案63单元模块设计731单片机最小系统设计732DS18B20测温电路933MQ2烟雾传感器1034DHT11湿度传感器11353144E开关型霍尔传感器测速1136BT136无级调速电路1237总体电路布线1338模块连接图1439程序主要流程图154调试与仿真165系统功能及参数176设计总结1831前言随着经济的发展，智能化渐渐步入普通百姓的家。现在市场上的各类智能化产品可谓层出不穷，最常见的有智能电饭煲，智能电冰箱G2656智能G8939G15927机G12573。G6164谓的智能化，G1866G11458的在G1122G3698G2164G1166与机器的G1126G2172，G19489G1314功G13803，G6564G2331G6940G10587，G4625G18339G17810G2052G1209G1166G1038G7424的G11458的。G13792G7424小G13464的G1328品G252“智能G6502G8680G6171”，G4613G7171G17993G5502上G17860G11458的设计的。G4557G1122G16025有热水器的家G5249G7481G16840，G6502G8680G6171可谓G5529不可G4581的家电，G9994G13792G4439G2460G2376常常G15999G1166G1216G6164G5585G11065G13792G13582G4581G13512G6264。G980G6238G12227G9397G9796G4588，随G7114G18129有可能G13622G5049的G6502G8680G6171，G6116G1114G9032G4472的G19556G5751。有G18504G1122G8504，G7424小G13464设计G1114智能G6502G8680G6171，G4439能G3827G4557G6171G2506G17728速G4466G7114G11429控，G5334常G6265G16698，G4557热水开停检测，G14270G2172G17828G15904G2656关G19393。G4439的G17728速G7693G6466G9032G4472温度G13792G4462，G5415有有G4487G8680体产G10995G7114，G4439能G14270G2172G5390制G6502G8680。有G1114G4439，G1332在G9032G4472G18336G1889G1075G8821有G2530G20050G1055G5563。42总体方案设计及选择21总体系统设计G7424G6502G8680G6171总体系统设计G3926上图G6164G12046，G11013微控制器G1038G7692G5527，通G17819检测传感器G7481G2040G7041G6502G8680G6171的G5049G1328G10378G5589G2656G14731G2474G5529要数G6466，G17839G13792控制电机的G5049G1328。G12295G2399电G9316G1038G6984G1022系统G6564G1391G12295G4462的G1314G2399G11464流电。G6502G8680G6171的G1166机G1144G1126G11013G19202G11436G2656LCDG7481G4448G6116。通G17819G19202G11436，用户能执G15904基G7424的控制，G13792LCD能G6238温度，湿度，G17728速G12573基G7424信息反馈给用户。微控制器温度测量湿度测量转速测量烟雾检测点火检测G12295G2399电G9316电机驱G2172G19202G11436输入LCD显G120465方案G980高性能单片机ATMEGA16方案二G3698G5390型51单片机STC12C5A08S222微控制器方案性能要求（1）较强的抗干扰能力（2）低功耗（3）硬件集成AD及PWM4较高处理速度（5）成本合理。方案比较两款单片机均能较好地实行上述要求（详细电气参数请参见附录）但采用51内核的STC12C5A08S2具有比ATMEGA16更稳定的市场来源，更低的成本（前者的约为后者二分之一）。最终决定采用STC12C5A08S2。23故障检测方案方案一在排气扇干路传联互感线圈，把次级线圈输出信号通过整流滤波后经由运放放大，再通过AD口检测。方案二再排气扇扇叶上固定小磁体，通过霍尔传感器检测磁体单位时间内通过固定位置的次数得G2052G17728速，G994G11458G7643G17728速G17839行比较G17839G13792检测G5334G5132。6排气扇G6937G19568一G14336由G9796G4588G3593G3634扇叶G6122内G18108电G4388线路G17908成，G1866G15932G10628通G5132为扇叶G17728速G5334G5132G1000流过排气扇电流过大。方案比较方案一的电G4388线路G16786G16757比较G3809G7446，成本高，G1000G4493G7143G2475G2052干扰G13792G2469G10995G16835G2172G1328。G11468比之G991，方案二G16786G16757比较G12628单，G993G1177能检测G2052G6937G19568，G13792G1000G14731得G17728速，一G1042两得。决定采用方案二。24热水开停检测方案方案比较G9921G8712器的G5332G1863G1147G10995的G10317G5461G10301理G18339G1039要有G6183G9791G3780G19911G2656G2164G9921的G9791G9988。G14521G7693G6466G3780G19911来G17839行G5332G1584G2040定，G2029硬件实G10628比较G3268G19602，G13792G1000G4493G7143G2475G2052G3134G3780干扰G13792G1147G10995G16835G2172G1328。G13792G4557G9791G9988的检测G2029比较G4493G7143实G10628。本G16786G16757采用G17840G13430G3818G9791G9988传感器来G17839行G9791G9988检测，但有由G1122G1866G4493G7143G2475G2052G7446G1821干扰，实G19481G7171用要在硬件G2656G12255G5219两方G19766G4557G1866G17839行抗干扰处理。方案一通过检测G9869G9791G3780G19911来检测G9921G8712G5332G1584方案二通过检测G9869G9791G9791G9988来检测G9921G8712G5332G158473单元模块设计31单片机最小系统设计本G13007G13491G1209STC12C5A08S2为核G5527G6523G2058单G1815G1866G12661G14062G994一G14336的51G1872G4493，G1866G1039要G10317性G3926G991（1）G3G3698强G342351内核，一G1022机器G2620G7411G6203行一G7477G6363G1208。（2）G3G5049G1328电G239955V33V（3）G3G5049G1328G20069G10587G14551G3272035MHZ（4）G38KROM,256RAM（5）G332G1022通用IO口，G2499G6524G1825输出，电流G1781020MA（6）G3G6915G6357ISP，IAPG1030口G13546G12255方G5347（7）G3集成EPROOM,G11487G19388G10411，内G18108RC（8）G3上电G14270G2172G3809位，G6493电检测（9）G36路G3818G18108G1025G7041，G6915G6357上G2331G8851G16314G2469（10）G32路8位PWM（11）G38路10位ADG17728化8G1866引G14062G3926上图所示，RXD,TXD为G1030口收G2469端，INT0，INT1为G3818G18108G16314G2469，WR,RD分别为G3818G18108写选通,G3818G18108读选通。P0,P1,P2,P3为输入输出接口。G2499G16786定为四种模G5347准双向口,G6524G1825,高阻,G5332漏。P1口第二功能为AD口G2656ISPG991载口P0口G14270带上拉电阻。XTAL2XTAL1为晶振引G14062。最小G13007G13491电路C3G994R1构成上电G3809位电路，XTAL1,XTAL2G994晶振G11468连，G20069G10587为12MHZ,C1,C2为起振电G4493EA接正极，G1209保证G4557内G18108ROMG13546G12255。电源电G2399为直流5V。晶振G20069G10587为12MHZ。932DS18B20测温电路G12661G140621为电源地，G12661G140622为信号输入，输出接口G12661G140623为电源正。DS18B20的G1039要G10317G5461全数字温度G17728换及输出。先G17839的单总线数G6466通信。最高12位分辨G10587，精度G2499G17810土05摄氏度。12位分辨G10587时的最大G5049G1328G2620G7411为750毫秒。G2499选择寄G10995G5049G1328方G5347。检测温度G14551G3272为55C125C67F257F内置EEPROM，限温报警功能。64位G1821刻ROM，内置G1147品G5219列号，方便多机挂接。多样封装形G5347，适应G993同硬件G13007G13491。G5049G1328电G931635V/DCG12661G140622为G5332漏，要接上拉电阻，G1866G994单片机接线G3926G9911033MQ2烟雾传感器G7643准G5049G1328G7477件A1A0A3A2A4A5A7A6A8A9A11A10VCA13A12A14A15A1715VACORDCVHA18A16A14A1550V02VACORDCRLA20A19A14A21A23A22RHA18A16A14A2131A25A243A25A27A26PHA18A16A28A29A17A31A30A30A32A33HG1038G2164热电阻丝引脚。RLG1038负载电阻，与AB串联，G5415检查G2052有G4487器体G7114，AB两端的阻值发G10995变化，引起电G2399变化，G1889经G11013单片机AD口检测。要注意的G7171，MQ2需要G980G4462的预热G7114间，刚开机G7114不能马上读G2474数G6466，否则会出错。G8504外，MQ2受湿度影响比较大，在G9032G4472使用G7114G5529需G2164上适G5415的防潮措施。灵敏度G10317性曲线图温度20G11468G4557湿度65、氧气浓度2111RL5K34DHT11湿度传感器G3DHT11数字温湿度传感器G7171一款含有已校准数字信号输出的温湿度G3809合传感器。传感器包括一G1022电阻G5347感湿G1815件G2656一G1022NTC测温G1815件，并G994一G1022高性能8位单片机G11468连接。每G1022DHT11传感器都在湿度校验室G1025G17839行校准。校准G13007数G1209G12255G5219的形G5347储存在OTP内存G1025，传感器内G18108在检测信号的处理过G12255G1025要调用这些校准G13007数。单线G2058G1030行口，较小的体积、较低的功耗，信号传输距离G2499G1781020米。G3DHT11的供电电G2399为355V。传感器上电后，要等待1SG3G1209越过G993稳定状态在此G7411间无需G2469送任何G6363G1208。电源引G14062（VDD，GND）之间G2499G3698G2164一G1022100NFG3的电G4493，用G1209G2447G13818滤波。G3由G1122DHT11的温度测G18339G2494能精G11842G2052G1022位，G13792实G19481G9032室温度G2476化比较小，G5468G19602通过DHT11的G2476化G6523G2058PG58G48的G2356G12366比，G6937本G16786G16757G2494采用DHT11的湿度传感器，G13792温度的测G18339G2029G1144由DG5418G3720实G10628。G3353144E开关型霍尔传感器测速3144E霍尔G5332G1863集成电路应用霍尔G6940应G2419理，采用G2334G4560体集成G6228G7427G2058G17908的磁敏电路，G4439G7171由电G2399调整器、霍尔电G2399G2469G10995器、G5058分放大器、G2502G4506G10317G16314G2469器，温度G15929G1619电路G2656集电极G5332路的输出级G13464成的磁敏传感电路，G1866输入为磁感应强度，输出G7171一G1022数字12电G2399G16771号。G1866G1260G9869有体积小灵敏度高G2721应速度G5567温度性能好精G11842度高G2499G19764性高G1868G3423应用无G16314G9869G5332G1863。本G16786G16757的G17728速测G18339通过霍尔传感器来实G10628。在扇叶固定一G3371小磁体，扇叶每G17728一G2620，磁体G19764G17829传感器一次，G5415传感器感应G2052磁场后，GG14062输出低电G5191，经由单片机的G3818G18108G1025G7041G6441G6429。通过G16757G12651两次低电G5191的时间G5058，G2375G2499得出G17728速。36BT136无级调速电路上图G1038G6502G8680G6171无级调速电路，G1866主要原理G7171通G17819改变G6502G8680G6171两端G1144流电的导通角G7481控制G17728速。G1866中G6984流桥，R3，光耦U2构G6116G17819零检测电路，G5415G1144流电电位下G19489G2052发光二极管截止G711413光电三极管截止，输出G980G1022高电平信号，G11013单片机外部中G7041捕捉。R1，R3G1038限流电阻，R2G1038集电极电阻。MOC3021G1038闸管驱G2172光耦，在这G18336起隔离G1328用。37总体电路布线图1图214单片机G3818G3272电路G3926上图（1）所示，P2口连接1602G9094晶G7186。示S1G2052S6为G1857G1022G10432G12447G6365G19074，用来调G14422排气扇的G17728速及G1863机G5322时。图（2）所示为G2520传感器接线电路图，G1393次分别为温度传感器、霍尔传感器、湿度传感器、G17840G13430G3818G9791G9988传感器、G9907G19666传感器G1209及G15574G21495器。38模块连接图A34A35A36A37A34A35A38A39A36A37A40A41A42A43A40A41A42A43A44A45A42A43A40A41A42A43A46A47A44A45A42A43排气扇G1209STC12C5A08S2为核G5527处理G2520种信号，信号G12879G3423有数字信号，模G6323信号G1209及G14045G1926信号。模G6323信号由单片机AD读G2474，G14045G1926信号由G3818G18108G1025G7041G6441G6429。电源模G3371为单片机及G2520传感器模G3371G6564供稳定低G2399电源。G10432G12447G19202G11436G37T13G25无级调速DHT1湿度检测G48G52G162G9907G19666检测霍尔传感器测速DS18B20测温LCD160G9094晶G7186示STC12C5A08S2最小G13007G13491G5332G1863电源模G33711539程序主要流程图YNYYNA48A49A50A51A52A53A54A55A56A57A58A59A60A61A62A63A64A65A66A67A68A69A70A71A72A73A70A71A74A75A69A64A65LCDA76A77A78A79A80A81A82A83A48A84A85A51A52A66A86A73A66A67A68A69164调试与仿真G3排气扇调G16809G5529G20047G14731得的参数有G3（1）G3一米G14551G3272的G9791G9988在G17840G13430G3818传感器上G1147G10995的电G2399G3（2）G3G3838G19463G1821在G17840G13430G3818传感器上G1147G10995的电G2399G3（3）G3G5332机后G9907G19666传感器稳定所需要的时间G3（G23）G3稳定后无G9907G19666时G9907G19666传感器电G2399G3（5）G3稳定后有G9907G19666时G9907G19666传感器电G2399G3（G25）G3电G20130扇的最大及最小G17728G3（G26）G3G20130扇G17728速G994G4560通G16294的G1863G13007G3调G16809过G12255用G15605G9903的G9791G9988G1207G7379G9921G8712器G9869G9791的G9791G9988，用G20333G9907的G9907G19666G1207G7379G9032室的有G4487器体。通过模G6323G9032室G10627G3671G17839行G16809调。数G6466传感器经由排气扇的G9094晶G7186示，为G12255G5219的G16809调G6564供G1393G6466。17上图G1038无级调速电路在MULTISIM输出波形的仿真结果。G980图的导通角较大，G8504G7114风G6171G17728速较快，二图导通角较小，G17728速较慢。5系统功能及参数G7424G6502G8680G6171G6164能G4466现的功能有（1）能通G17819火焰的亮灭检测G4462点热水的开关（2）能通G17819湿度的变化检测多点热水的开关。（3）能G7693G6466温度控制G17728速。（4）能通G17819液晶屏显G12046温度，湿度，G17728速信息。（5）检测G2052有G4487G8680体G14270G2172G6502G8680并G11013蜂鸣器G6265G16698。（6）G5415G6171G2506堵住G7114蜂鸣器G14270G2172G6265G16698。（7）用户可通G17819G19202G11436手G2172调节G17728速及关机延G7114。（8）G5415G980段G7114间检测不G2052火焰G7171能G14270G2172延G7114关机。性能参数火焰传感器有G6940范围04M（蜡G9903）烟雾传感器有G6940范围02M湿度传感器G12946G11842度5温度传感器G12946G11842度01G6680G8675度系统功G13803G72715W电机功G1058730W18电机G17728速10002500R/MIN电机G17728速的调节范围05G6680G8675度6设计总结G7424设计G6164用G2052的传感器数G11458及G12193类比较多，G6164G1209传感器的G17885G2474G19762常G18337要。G3921的传感器能节G11477不G4581调试的G7114间，G3698G2164系统的G12295G4462性。无级调速G7171G7424设计电路中较G19602的部G2010，G3252G1038单片机G5529G20047G1946G11842G3332控制G6502G8680G6171的G17728速G1000G2656G5390电电路G4466现电G8680隔离。G980G14336家用电风G6171的无级调速G7171通G17819改变连接在晶闸管控制极的电G4493G1817G6930电G7114间G7481控制导通角，G13792G7424设计G18331用单片机G11464接控制导通角，这G7691不G1177能使调速G7368G2164G12946G11842，G13792G1000能G1817G2010G2045用单片机G11840G1226G17176G9316。G7424设计G9053及G2052G5381电G4557G5390电的控制，G19512G1114G1582G3921G5529要的隔离外，G5390电产G10995的G5190G6212G5529G20047G13783G15397。在调试G17819程中G6117G1216G17947G2052这G7691的G19394G20076，G5415电机G6183开G2530，G17728速测G18339G4613会出错，比G8503常值高出G16780多。G1889三查错G2530G6117G1216发现，G11013G1122模块间的连线较G19283，电机的G17728G2172在连接G2052霍尔传感器的外部中G7041引脚产G10995G1114G1017G18337的G5190G6212，产G10995G1114G20081外的计数。G6117G1216通G17819G13565G11713引线，并接G9400波电G4493，G5468G3921G3332G16311G1927这G1022G19394G20076。G1328G1038G20330G8437参G2164电G4388设计比G17199的大G980G4410G10995，G7424G8437比G17199使G6117G1216G14731G11