动词的时态和语态1.ppt

1、Welcome,动词时态专项复习,执教者： 湘阴五中 左瑾仪,do/does,be (is, am are) doing,have/has done,have/has been doing,did,was/were doing,had done,will/shall do,would/should do,.一般现在时:,usually, often, sometimes, every morning, always, regularly ,now and then ,occasionally,seldom, on Sundays,一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作, 存在的状态或习惯性的动作

2、.,时间状语:,一般用法: 1.经常性或习惯性的动作 2.现在的特征，状态 及能力 3. 普遍真理, 格言警句,I go to school on foot every day . We always help each other.,He plays basketball well . The coat fits you well.,Light travels faster than sound.,Time and tide wait for no man,特殊用法 .在时间状语从句, 条件状语从句或让步状语从句中, 用一般现在时代替一般将来时 If it rains tomorrow, w

3、ell put off the sports meeting.,Even if he _this Sunday,Ill go fishing by myself.(2004年云南联考）,A.wont come B .doesnt come C.didnt come D . hasnt come,B,. .现在进行时: 时间状语:,now ,at the moment, these days, nowadays,at present ,表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作.,. 一般用法: 1. 说话时正发生或正进行的动作 2. 现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作,Im giving a

4、lecture.,Im reading a novel these days. ( but I am not reading it now.),特殊用法: 1.表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作, 限于表示来去, 开始, 结束, 离开， 到达等瞬间意义的动詞 Were leaving on Friday. 2.在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来正在进行的动作 Dont mention this when you are talking with him .,. 3.现在进行时与always, continually, constantly, all the time等副词连

5、用表示反复或习惯性的动作,含有某种感情色彩, 如赞扬, 遗憾, 讨厌,不满等. He is always coming late. Youre always thinking of others.,注意：与一般现在时相比, 现在进行时强调的是情况的暂时性, 而非长期的 习惯性的动作或情况. Where does he work? Where is he working? 注意：表示心理状态, 情感的动词love, hate, 表存在状态的动词 appear, exist, lie, be , have , belong to , date from表感官的动词see, hear, notice

6、, smell, taste, look不宜用进行时,一般将来时: 时间状语: 一般用法:1.将来的动作或状态,tomorrow, next week, from now on, in the future, in +时间段,I shall go shopping this afternoon.,表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某段时间内经常的动作与状态.,2.将来经常发生的动作 In a few years time, most people will go to work by car.,特殊用法:一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作. eg. Crops will die wit

7、hout water. Whenever he has time, he _ and see me .（2004年福建高考） A.will come B.comes C.came D.has come 其否定式表示“不能 没法” The machine wont work.(机器没法开动) This play wont act. (戏剧没法上演),A,be going to do ,be to do ,be about to will /shall do 的区别 前两者都可表示按计划, 安排做某事.be to do 还可表命令,意愿或征求对方意见. Will/shall do则侧重临时的打算.

8、 Are we to go on with the work? If you are to be there on time, -you have left the light on . -Oh, sorry. _and turn it off. （2002年北京高考）,Ill go B.Ive gone C.I go D.I m going,A,过去将来时,I was quite sure (that) they wouldnt do that. 也可用was/were to+动词原形或was/were about to+动词原形或was/were going to+动词原形表示过去将来时。

9、 I was about to leave when the telephone rang.,IV.,表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中。,V.一般过去时: 时间状语:,yesterday, last week, ago, later, in 1980,表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态.(包括习惯性动作),一般用法:(定义),I wasnt at home last night.,My father often took me to visit my grandpa when he was alive.,. 特殊用法: 1.在时间状语从句,条件状

10、语从句或让步状语从句中表过去将来的动作 He said he would come if he was not busy.,2.有时过去时态只表示委婉的语气 Could you help me?,I现在完成时:,already, yet, before, just, ever, lately, recently, often, sometimes, never, once, twice , for , since,表示动作在过去已经完成,但对现在仍有影响. 表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。 .,时间状语:,already, yet, before, just, ever, l

11、ately, recently, never, twice , for , since,already, yet, before, just, ever, lately, recently, often, sometimes, never, once, twice , for , since,基本用法 1.不带时间状语的现在完成时表示说话之前动作已经完成, 而后果和影响至今存在.,2.表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。,I have seen the film.,He has been ill for a week.,特殊用法： 在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达

12、将来某时已经完成的动作 When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge. Well start at six if it _ raining by then.（2006年山东省联考） A.will have stopped B. has stopped C.had stopped D.have stopped 注意：这里的现在完成时强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成, 如果两个动作同时或几乎同时发生, 则不必用完成时 .试比较: Ill let you know as soon as I h

13、ear from her.,B,特殊句型: Its the first time that have/has done. It has been/is + 时间段 +since . How long have not we seen each other. -Well, it _nearly two years since we_last.(2006年山东联考） A.is,have met B.was .had met C.is,met D.was met,c,This is the best film that I have ever seen.,如die , leave , come ba

14、ck , marry , join ,He has been dead for 3 years,注意：.短暂性动词的完成时不与时间段连用, 如需连用可转化成相应的延续性动词,be dead,be away,be back,be married to,be a member of /be in,He has died .,注意：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别： 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间内发生的动作，而现在完成时讲的是迄今为止的这一段时间的情况，一个影响现状的动作，无论从时间上，后果上和现在联系起来了 ？ ？ .,VII过去进行时： 时间状语：,表示过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作,this m

15、orning then this time yesterday at that time a moment ago,一般用法： 1.过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作. What_you _(do) this time yesterday He was reading while she _ TV.（watch),2.与 always, continually, constantly, all the time等副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作,含有某种感情色彩, 如赞扬, 遗憾, 讨厌,不满等（同现在进行时）,were doing,was watching,特殊用法：hope, want, wo

16、nder等的过去进行时用来提出请求， 表示委婉的语气 实际表示现在的情况 I was hoping you could send me some stamps.( I hope) e, go , plan , expect, hope, intend, look forward to 等词可用进行时表达本来,打算做实际没做成的事 He was expecting to finish the work last month , but the machine went wrong.,时间状语： 用法（定义）,过去某时之前业已发生的动作或情况（过去的过去）,VIII.过去完成时：,before,

17、after, once, until, by the end of +过去时间,By the end of last year , they had treated 30, 000 patients.,2.表希望, 打算的词如hope, expect, intend, plan, mean, want, think , suppose可用过去完成时表示本打算/希望做而没做到的事. I had hoped to visit Mount Tai last summer, but I was too busy.(也可表达为hoped to have visited/ was hoping to vi

18、sit),Why didnt you tell me what had happened to you? _,but I was afraid that you would worry.（2008年山西联考） A.I hoped so B.I would C.Id like to D.I had planned to,D,3.句型: No sooner had +主语 +done than +主语+ did Hardly/Scarcely had +主语+ done when +主语+ did. 注意：用过去完成时有一个重要前提, 既两个动作发生在不同时间, 先发生的用完成时, 但如果两个动作

19、紧接着发生, 则可都用一般过去时. After we said goodbye to our friends, we left the village.,Hardly had I got home when the rain fell down heavily.,Ive been sitting here all afternoon.,表示现在以前这段时间内一直在进行或反复的动作.(可能仍在进行， 也可能停了一会儿.),.现在完成进行时:,一般过去时仅表示在过去某个时间已经发生的动作; 现在完成时的动作发生在过去, 但对现在有影响; 现在完成进行时则是涉及了,* 一般过去时仅表示在过去某个时间

20、已经发生的动作; 现在完成时的动作发生在过去, 但对现在有影响; 现在完成进行时则是涉及了 3个时间, 开始在过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续到将来. .,高考题点击： Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （08辽宁卷） Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called,B,2. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent h

21、ad time to play since the new year. (2008 北京) A. will playB. have played C. played D. play,D,3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷） A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning,D,4. Selecting a mobile phon

22、e for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. (2007 广西） A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change,A,5. _ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. （08北京春季） A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning,C,6. - You havent

23、been to Beijing, have you? - _. How I wish to go there! (2006天津) A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I havent C. No, I haveD. No, I havent,D,7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. (07N) A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted,C,(8) - Do you know our town

24、 at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming,B,9. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _! （ 08 北京) A. promisesB. promised C. will promise D. had promised,B,10. My uncle _ until he was forty-five. (2007 上海) A. married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying

25、D. would marry,B,11. - You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? (2006湖南) - Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say,D,12. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. (2004湖南 ) A. read was fa

26、lling B. was reading fell C. was reading was falling D. read fell,B,13. The manager had fallen asleep where he _, without undressing. （05安徽卷） A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied,B,14. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. (08 宁夏) A.