中考英语复习语法专项_代词学生版

1、中考英语语法-代词专题复习 代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。人称代词主格代词I, you, he, she, it, we, you , they 宾格代词me , you, him, her, it, us, you, them物主代词形容词性my, your, his , her, its, ours, your, they 名词性 mine, yours ,his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs反身代词myself, yourself ,

2、himself ,herself, itself, ourselves, yourself ,themselves 指示代词this, that, these, those疑问代词who, whom, whose, what, which不定代词some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either 相互代词each other关系代词who, whose, whom, that, which.一. 人称代词1.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如： I like

3、table tennis. （作主语） Do you know him?（作宾语）2.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：-Who is knocking at the door? -Its me.3.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：He is older than me. He is older than I am. 4.当说话者不清楚或没必要清楚对象的性别时，可以用It表示。 Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 5.人称代词也可用作为名词。 Its not a she; its a he. 6.没有

4、谓语的句子中，人称代词常用宾格 -Glad to meet you! -Me, too. 7.代词（they不分性别）指代已经提过的一些人或事 The Browns phoned. Theyre coming round this evening 8.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序单数为 “231”；复数为123. You, she and I all enjoy the music.你我她都喜欢音乐； we/ you/ they 9.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等 We love our motherland, we hope shell be stronger and bigger

5、. 我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿 10. it的用法it既是宾格又可以做主格，有时也可以指人。1）. 代表前面提到过的事物。如：My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere.2）. 用来指人，主要指婴儿或者身份不明的人。 -Who is knocking at the door?-It is me. The woman had a baby. It was five months old.3）. 表示时间

6、、距离、天气等。如：It will be sunny tomorrow.4）. 作形式主语或者形式宾语。如：I found it difficult to learn English well first. It is impossible for us to learn a foreign language.5)固定句型a. 做某事情对某人来说是 It is + adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth. It is hard for me to do this work.b. 轮到某人做 Its ones turn to do sth. Its your turn to cle

7、an the room.c. 是（某人）做某事的时候了 Its time (for sb.) to do sth. Its time for you to do the homework.d. 据说 Its said that Its said that your teacher leave our school.e. 某人花费做某事 It takes sb. some time to do sth.f. 自从以来，已经有（时间）了。 It is / has been + 时段 + since + 从句(过去时)g. 某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是的 sb. think / find / fe

8、el + it + adj. to do2、 物主代词 （形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词）1.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如： Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.2. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）- Is this English-book yours? （作表语）- No. Mine is in my bag.Ive already finished my h

9、omework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语） 3.This is our classroom这是我们的教室（做名词的定语） 4. Would you mind my opening the windows?（做动名词的定语或被称为动名词的逻辑主语） 5.名词性物主代词还可与名词及of连用构成双重所有格： a/an/this/that/These/those/some/any/no/every/each/another.+名词+of+名词性物主代词 Some friends of mine will attend my party3. 指示代词 (指示代词包括：

10、this，that，these，those。) 单数复数用法1用法2 thisthese近指指下文将要提及的事 that those远指指前面刚提过的事1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencilWe are busy these daysIn those days the workers had a hard time2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如：I had a cold

11、. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai 4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?【辨析】o

12、ne, it, that it 常用来特指上下文提到的同类事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，that常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。The book is mine. It is very interesting. I have some apples. You can have one.The weather of Dalian is much wetter than that of Lanzhou.【辨析2】One/ones/the one/the ones/that/thoseOne：前面出现过的泛指的单数名

13、词 (=a/an十单数可数名词);Ones：前面出现过的泛指的复数名词(同类中的许多)The one：前面出现过的特指的单数名词 The ones：前面出现过的特指的复数名词(专指“同类中的那/这一些”。表示特指，即the+可数名词复数。)That：前面出现过的的特指的单数名词或不可数名词Those：有时可代替the ones（特别是后有后置定语）练习：-Why dont we take a little break?-Didnt we just have ?Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,

14、I will always treasure.The film is not as good as I saw yesterday. These apple are bigger than those . These shoes are too small.Please get met some larger Pass me the books, on the shelf. I planted a lot of roses in my garden. in white I like the best.The students in Class one are more than in Clas

15、s Two. 四. 反身代词 英语中用来表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2. 作表语。 It doesnt matterIll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自

16、或本人。 I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语） You should ask the teacher himself（作宾语同位语）反身代词常见固定搭配 过得愉快enjoy oneself 自学teach / learn oneself sth. 请随便吃 help oneself to sth. 自言自语 say to oneself 独自by oneself 为自己for oneself 不要客气make oneself at home 陶醉沉浸于 lose oneself in 自己穿衣服dr

17、ess oneself 照顾自己look after oneself【辨析】by/for/in/of oneselfBy oneself的意思是“单独地”、“靠自己地”( alone or independently)。例：His father lives by himself in the village.他的父亲独自一个人住在村里。All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now. For oneself的意义为“为自己”(for himself or for herself)。例：One should not l

18、ive only for oneself.人不应单为自己而活。In oneself的意思是“就其本身或本性而言”。This wood is hard in itself.这种木头本要就是硬的。Of oneself的意思是“自然地”、“自发地”、“自动地”(of ones own accord)。例：Every day I awake of myself at half past five.每天早上我都是五点半就自己醒来。The door opened of itself.门是自己开的。The fire went out of itself.火自己熄灭了。与上列四个短语相类似的还有两个词组，即b

19、eside oneself和 to oneself，前者义：“失常”、“发狂”;后者是“独自占有或享用”。例：He was beside himself with joy.他欣喜若狂。When one dinesdainz in a restaurant，one likes a table to oneself. 人们在饭店吃饭时，总是喜欢独占一桌。练习：1. The machine will start in a few seconds.2. The money meant nothing to them. 3. When I dine in a restaurant, I like a t

20、able 五. 不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 Some rice in the bag has been sold out.Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。There i

21、snt any orange in the bottle. If you have any questions, please ask me. 3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend you some. 注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯

22、定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。都任何都不二者both用于肯定句either用于否定句中Neither用于否定句中三者或三者以上allanynone没有任何人或物练习：Mr. Alcott refused to accept （任何）of the three suggestions made by the students Union. There are many trees on side（=both sides）of the street. （都不）of the two cars is mine. （所有）horses are animals,

23、but not （所有）animals are horses.【辨析】so/ neither+助动词+主语！和so/ neither+主语+助动词！so +（be、助动词、情态动词）+主语，意为“也”，“同样”。表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人（物），此句是一倒装句。neither用法与之相反。so +主语+（be、助动词、情态动词），表示“赞同”，意为“不错、的确、确实”。注意：前后两个句子指的是同一个人。同样，neither的用法与之相反。【辨析】None/nothing/nobody（no one）None:既可指人，也可指物。特指概念。常用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句

24、。Nobody（no one）:只能指人，常回答who引领的疑问句。Nothing：只能指物，常用于回答what引导的疑问句练习：用None,nothing,nobody（no one）填空A. -How many people are there in the room?- B. -Who is in the room?- C. -Is there anyone in the room?- D. -Is there any person in the room?- anyeveryNot anyNot every任何（3个或以上）每一个（ 3个或以上）任何都不（全部否定）并非每个（部分否定）

25、【辨析】全部肯定：all/both/everyone/everybody/everything/every+名词全部否定：no one/none/nobody/nothing/not.any/no+名词部分否定：not+全部肯定、everywhere/always/altogether【辨析】词性意义功能Every形容词3个或以上中的一个（着重“全体”，毫无例外）定语Each形容词、名词2个或以上中的一个（着重“个别”，可单独使用）主语、宾语、同位语、定语Each作同位语的时候，不影响谓语动词的单复数形式 The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each b

26、all has a different colour. 当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.练习：用each/eve

27、ry填空He had a cut on _foot. _child in the class passed the exam. _of the houses is slightly different. I asked all the children and _ told a different story.2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别1）用作形容词： 含义用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词a few虽少，但有几个few不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词a little，虽少，但有一点little不多，没有什么 Im going to buy a fe

28、w apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please

29、. (修饰副词比较级) She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。用 法 代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another另一个others别人，其他人another (boy)另一个（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一个the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一个男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩六. 相互代词 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another

30、两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。We should learn from each other / one another. （作宾语）Do you often write to each other / one another? （作宾语）We often borrow each others / one anothers books. （作定语）The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in thei

31、r homework.（作定语）七. 疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）What is that? (作表语)Whose umbrella is this? (作定语) Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)八.关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,

32、定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：I hate people who talk much but do little.Im looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?提高练习一. 单项填空1. Tom, Please pass _ the glasses

33、. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. -You want _ sandwich?-Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other4. The doctors and nurs

34、es are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs5. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? -_, thanks. Id like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None6. -Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. -

35、Never mind. You can have _. A. us B. ours C. you D. yours7. -Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? -_ is OK. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None8. -How are you going to improve _ this term?-Work harder than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself9

36、. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for?-Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which10. -Is _ here? -No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody11. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more12.

37、If you want to book a round-trip ticket, youll have to pay _ $ 30. A. more B. other C. the other D. another13. -Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang? -Yes. I have two sons. But _ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America? A. neither B. both C. none D. either14. -Have you sent your parents

38、an E-mail telling them you arrived safe? -No. _ of them can use a computer. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All15. Who taught _ English last term? Was _ Mr. Smith? A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that16. -That woman has a bag in her right hand. Whats in her _ hand? A. another B. other C. on

39、e D. the other17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves18. -Is there a bus to the zoo? -Im afraid theres _ bus to the zoo. A. no B. any C. some D. none19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself20. This is _ clas

40、sroom. Where is _? A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs二. 用所给代词的适当形式填空1. This is not my pencil-box. _ ( I ) is in the bag.2. Trees are planted in _ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.3. -Is that bike Miss Gaos?-Yes, it is _(she) . Beautiful,

41、 isnt it?4. Help _ (you) to some fruit, Jack.5. -Who taught your brother to surf?-Nobody. He learnt all by _ (he).6. Their English teacher is from America, but _ (we) is from England.7. Marys answer is different from _ ( I ).8. -My watch keeps good time. What about _(you)? -Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.9. Sam is my brother. Do