动词不定式用法归纳

1、动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是todo；其否定形式是not?todo。?1作主语?可以直接作主语。如：?To?see?is?to?believe?但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：?Its?wrong?to?play?tricks?on?other?people?Its?our?duty?to?keep?our?enviro

2、nment?clean?and?tidy（Lesson?10）?点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It?is?adj（形容词）to?do?sth或?It?is?n（名词）to?do?sth句型中，it仅作形式主语。?2作宾语?a.以下动词只能to?do?作宾语。attempt企图?enable能够?neglect忽视?afford负担得起?demand要求?long渴望?arrange安排?mean意欲，打算?begin开始?expect期望?appear似乎，?显得?determine决定?manage设法?cease停止?hate憎恨，厌恶?pretend假装?ask问?need需

3、要?agree同意?desire愿望?love爱?swear宣誓?volunteer志愿?wish希望?bear承受?endeavor努力?offer提供?beg请求?fail不能?plan计划?bother扰乱；烦恼?forget忘记?prefer喜欢，宁愿?care关心，喜欢?happen碰巧?prepare准备?decide决定?learn学习?regret抱歉，遗憾?choose选择?hesitate犹豫?profess表明?claim要求?hope希望?promise承诺，允许?start开始?undertake承接?want想要?intend想要?refuse拒绝?decide决定

4、?learn学习?contrive设法，图谋?incline有倾向?propose提议?seek找，寻觅?try试图?blove，like?，begin，start，hate?，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。?点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。?提示板：like?doing指经常性动作，而like?to?do指一次性的动作。如：?I?like?swimming，but?I?dont?like?to?swim?now我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。?cstop，forget，remember，go?on?，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。?点击规律：上述动词后

5、面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。?1）stop?to?do?sth：停止一件事，去做另一件事。?stop?doing?sth：停止正在做的事。?例句：When?the?teacher?came?in，the?students?stopped?talking；when?he?came?out，the?students?stopped?to?talk?当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。?2）思考：forget，remember，go?on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？?d在findfeelitadjto?do?sth句型中，it是形式宾语，真

6、正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：?The?man?downstairs?found?it?difficult?to?get?to?sleep?I?feel?it?easy?to?recite?the?text?点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。?3作宾语补足语?a下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式ask要求，邀请get请，得到prompt促使allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿announce宣布force强迫press迫使bride收买inspire鼓舞requ

7、est请求assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定，表示advise劝告exhort告诫，勉励pray请求authorize授权，委托help帮助recommend劝告，推荐bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒beg请求induce引诱report报告compel强迫invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤command命令intend想要，企图show显示drive驱赶mean意欲，打算train训练cause引起instruct指示require要求deserve应受leave使，让tell告诉direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱entitle有资格order命令

8、warn告诫enable使能够need需要urge激励，力说encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要condemn指责，谴责lead引起，使得teach教entreat恳求permit允许wish希望ItellhimnottogotherebybusEdisonsmothertaughthimtoreadandwriteblet，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch，?notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如：?The?boss?makes?them?work?16?hours?a?day?I?heard?her?sing?in?the?next?room

9、?提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。如：?They?are?made?to?work?16?hours?a?day?by?the?boss?She?was?heard?to?sing?in?the?next?room?4作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面?例句：I?have?a?lot?of?work?to?do?The?doctor?said?he?could?do?nothing?to?help?the?boy?点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。?提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介

10、词。如：?I?have?a?small?bedroom?to?live?in?Have?you?got?some?pens?to?write?with？?5表语：放在连系动词be后面?例句：His?wish?is?to?become?a?scientist?The?first?important?thing?is?to?save?the?soldierslives?当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。?点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。?6作状语?a目的状语：放在go，come，use，live，in?order等词后面。如：?I?come?to?see?you

11、?He?runs?fast?in?order?to?get?there?in?time?b原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised，?disappointed，excited等词后面。如：?I?am?glad?to?see?you?here?I?am?sorry?to?trouble?you?c作结果状语。如：?Some?of?the?apples?are?hard?to?reach?The?room?is?large?enough?to?hold?1000?people?7与what，who，whose，when，where，?how等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。如

12、：?I?dont?know?what?to?do?next（宾语）?He?taught?us?how?to?use?the?computer（宾语补足语）?Its?still?a?question?how?to?get?there（主语）?巩固练习：?根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。?1Its?time?for?us?_（have）supper?2Would?you?like_（go）shopping?with?me？?3It?took?us?half?an?hour_（work）out?the?problem?4He?is?old?enough_（join）the?army?5I?

13、feel?strange_（have）a?twin?sister?6I?am?very?glad_（meet）you?here?7They?prefer_（stay）at?home?rather?than?go?out?8We?saw?them_（come）into?the?room?just?now?9What?he?said?made?me_（feel）sorry?10I?am?sorryI?forgot_（tell）you?the?news?11His?plan?is_（spend）a?few?days?in?the?mountains?12Have?you?got?anything_（say）？?13Have?you?decided?which?one_（choose）？?1