英语基本句式

1、英语基本句型概念认知 主语：就是一个句子陈述的对象，或是动作的执行者。它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。（如动词不定式，动名词，代词都可作主语，主语从句）主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 谓语：谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。 宾语：指谓语动词所涉及的对象，由名、代、数，宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当，但人称代词要用宾格。如：还说上例。谓语动词是“看”，看什么？看“书”，“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象，是“看”的宾语。 需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和

2、介词的短语才可带宾语。 表语：是和系动词紧密相连的。在陈述句中系动词后面的就是表语，这就是“主系表”结构。 作表语的也是名词性的词，也可以是从句。 定语：修饰限定名词、代词的词，说明所修饰词的性质、特征等，如 a tall boy 中，tall修饰boy,tall是boy的定语。可作定语的有形容词、名词、副词、定语从句、分词等。不定代词的定语一律后置。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 状语：修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句，说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等。如：他在灯下看书。“在灯下”是状语。 补语：补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语，补充宾语

3、叫宾语补足语。 英语基本句型 主系表结构 S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表） 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的：be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; 如：Our English teacher is thirty years o

4、ld. The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities. The potatoes went bad in the fields. Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.英语基本句型二 主谓结构/S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓） 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。 如：1

5、. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up. 英语基本句型三 主谓宾结构 S (主）+

6、Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾） 本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。 如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a pr

7、esent. 英语基本句型四 双宾语结构 S (主)+VT（谓）+ InO（间接宾）+ DO（直接宾） 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。 如：He brings me cookies every day. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。 如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有：

8、（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等； （需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 英语基本句型五 复合宾语结构 S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾）+ O C（宾补） 说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则

9、句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。 如：The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on.用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。 如：I found it very pleasant to be with your fa

10、mily. 英语基本句型六 There be 句型 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。 如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town. Be 与其后的主语在人称和

11、数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 巩固练习一：1. He looke

12、d unhappy at that time. 2. The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. 3. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. 4. My favourite sports are swimming and skating. 5. I am very good at English. 6. They offered him a job, but he turned it down. 7. On my 14th birthday

13、, Father bought me a new bike. 8. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night. 9. I saw the kids/children playing by the river at that time. 10. We are making our country more and more beautiful. 11. When I got to the classroom, I found nobody in. 12. We also planted a lot of trees in and

14、around the school. 13. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together. 14. I was so pleased to hear from you. 15. On the other side of the road there is a new classroom/teaching building. 16. Mr Wang taught us English last year. 17. Tomorrow Ill write him a letter and tell him the go

15、od news. 18. Excuse me, can I ask you a question?19. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps. 20. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. 21. The time passed quickly. 22. I had my wallet stolen on a bus yesterday afternoon. 23. I noticed Kate read

16、ing in the library all the morning. 24. Father asked/got me to bring him some newspapers.25. Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years.26. The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed. 27. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. 巩固练习二：1. The noise was so l

17、oud that I couldnt go on studying. 2. Im so glad to learn that youre coming in September. 3. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. 4. The car hit the man while he was crossing the road. 5. I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon. 6. After hearing

18、 what I said, my neighbor apologized to me and turned down the TV immediately. 7. He is such a learned person that we all admire hem very much. 8. In the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone. 9. I prefer to stay at home, for I can do what

19、 I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework. 10. We should introduce the Chinese culture and history to foreigners so that they may know China better. 11. To improve the traffic in Beijing, the government should encourage more people to use public transport

20、 and bicycles. 12. In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. 13. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. 14. There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby.巩固练习三： 1. 树叶已经变黄了。_ 2. 这个报告听起来很有意思。_ 3. 这本书是有关美国历史的书。_4. 五年前我住在北京。_ 5. 约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。_6. 爱丽丝很会游泳。_ 7. 昨晚我写了一封信。 _ 8. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。 _ 9. 这本书他读过多次了。 _ 10. 格林先生明年教我们英语。_ 11. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。_ 12. 新式机器将会为你节省许多时间_ 13. 我们叫她Alice. _ 14. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 _