笔记训练1.ppt

1、：大于，高过，高于;surpass, exceed, more than, superior to : 小于,少于，低于； less than, inferior to : 小于或等于 :大于或等于 =: 等于、意味着,相同，一致，公平； the same as; equal to; similar to : 不等于 :大约，大概；about, almost, nearly +: 另外，多;plus, add, moreover, besides _: 减去，除去，除了； minus, deduct, except, : 在之中， 在之内；among, within, =: 结论是,导致；le

2、ad to, result in , the conclusion is,常见速 记符号,数学符号,: 因为,由于，幸亏；because, due to, thanks to, : 所以, 因此，结果是；so, therefore, consequently : 属于; belong to, : 错误、否、不、否定 ,不好的，负面的；wrong, mistake, bad, notorious, negative : 正确、对、好、肯定 ,积极的；correct, good, positive, affirmative,常见速 记符号,：看说想，评论；speak, express, think

3、, ？:问题、疑问,疑惑；question, problem, puzzle, confused, mystery, inquiry, interrogate, bewildered !: 危险，警告，当心，值得注意的是； 1） dangerous, warning, alarming, alert, hazardous, perilous, jeopardy, watch out 2) sure, certainly, of course, ：信息，消息，情报；information, message, intelligence,常见速 记符号,惯用符号,：删除，废除，放弃；delete,

4、discard, give up, ：贸易，交流，交换，关于关联，替代；替换为; trade, exchange, communication, relationship : 强调；underlining a certain word/ phrase to add to the mood of speech, indicating “emphasize” e.g.: 例如，比如, for example, such as,常见速 记符号,：高兴，激动；happy, pleased, excited : 失望，不满意，生气；unhappy, unsatisfied, angry : 会议、会面;

5、conference, symposium, convention, session, forum, seminar, council, congress, meeting, assembly, gathering, committee, commission, association, union, senate, parliament, convocation,图形符号,常见速 记符号,文 ：学校，大学，教育机构；school, educational institution, college, + : 医院，医疗机构；hospital, medical institution, : 全部

6、的，整个的，所有的，完整的，彻底的；complete, whole . :目标，目的；aim, objective, target, : 看到，注意到；see, notice, watch, : 重视，强调；pay attention to, highlight,常见速 记符号,: 国家,民族；nation, state, republic, kingdom, federal, union, : 领导，顶点，顶级； 1） top, head, tip, peak, uttermost, maximum, climax, supreme, crown, 2) leader, head，direc

7、tor, chancellor, boss, manager, officer, captain, king, queen, emperor, empress, majesty, dictator, ruler, commander, governor, mayor, administrator, supervisor, monitor, minister, : 国家领导人，政府首脑；state leader,常见速 记符号, : 出口；export, : 进口；import, : 城市，都市；city, urban, metropolitan, cosmopolitan, : 农村，乡村；v

8、illage, rural, country, countryside, farm, suburb, outskirt, : 优秀的，杰出的，重要的；重点，重心，重视 1） important, significant, key, crucial, meaningful, essential, decisive, eventful, influential, substantial, consequential, 2) outstanding, distinguished, marked, remarkable, notable, excellent, perfect, eminent, fa

9、mous, well-known, well-recognized, great, prominent, prestigious, extraordinary, glorious, noteworthy, grand, magnificent, 3) wonderful, terrific, fantastic, fabulous, marvelous, 4) chief, primary, main, major, dominant, overwhelming, most, 5) emphasize, stress, focus, underscore, underline, accentu

10、ate, highlight, attach great importance to, lay stress on, pay attention to,常见速 记符号,*: 特征，特点，代表 1）feature, character, characteristic, symbol, sigh, quality, nature, mark, 2) represent, symbolize, exemplify, typify, embody, on behalf of, stand for, :女性，woman, female, : 男性，man, male, V: 胜利,凯旋；victory,

11、 triumph,常见速 记符号,$: 美元，钱；有钱的，富裕的；dollar, money, rich, well-off; U: 协议，决议，合约，条约; agreement, treaty, contract, covenant, compact, convention resolution, X :结束，停止，完成，实现；halt, stop, complete,常见速 记符号,: 渠道；channel, tunnel, tube, pipe, ditch, O: 发展；development, advancement, : 将来 ; in (the) future, : 过去；in

12、the past, long before, past time, : 影响，效果，压力，负担； 1） influence, effect, affect, impact, 2) pressure, stress, burden, load,.,常见速 记符号,: 和、与; and, with, together with, along with, /: 一方面; on the one hand, one side, /:另一方面 on the other hand, the other side, / :关系; relation, relationship, link, : 导致、结果: r

13、esult, result in, lead to, : 对立、冲突；clash, conflict, : 波折; zigzag, up and down, twists,常见速 记符号,:进入 接触; enter, entry, contact, touch, : 交往, 交流; exchange, communication, : 有关; concerned, with regard to, : 分歧; dispute, disagreement 替换为 ；但是 ：与比较而言 ：空洞 ：上一个台阶 ：下一个台阶,常见速 记符号,：邀请，需要，访问，来到；(be) invited, need

14、ed, come (here), : 去，到，走；to, go (there), : 增加，提升，提高，升级，升值； increase, improve, enhance, grow, advance, heighten, lift, rise, raise, elevate, promote, escalate, update, exalt, boost, nourish, go up, climb up, stand up, bring up, give boost to, : 减少，下降，降低，贬值；decline, decrease, reduce, drop, fall, desce

15、nd, sink, weaken, devalue, degrade, lower, depress, depreciate, diminish, cut down, go down, fall off,常见速 记符号,趋向符号,y: 年，year M:月，month w:周，week h:小时，hour m:分钟，minute s:秒钟，second d:日子，今天；day, today .2y: 两年以前，two years ago b:但是，but c:世纪，century e:经济，economy, economics,英文字母,常见速 记符号,f: 金融，finance, finan

16、cial, financially g: 政府，government n：很多个，many, much, several p: 政党，政治，政权，politics, policy, regime, party r: 改革；reform, change, revolution s:科学，社会；science, scientific, society, social t: 想，认为；think, consider, regard, ponder, conceive, perceive, suppose, mediate, imagine, deliberate, speculate, contem

17、plate v: 胜利，成功； victory, triumph, success, achievement,常见速 记符号,al: 尽管；although bz: 商业； business co: 公司；company com: 社团；communication edu:教育； education eg: 例子 fz: 财政；finance info: 信息，消息；information infra: 基础建设；infrastructure nz: 新闻；news tr: 贸易；trade,英文小写缩写,常见速 记符号,tx: 税收；tax, taxation ag:农业； agricult

18、ure rec: 娱乐；recreation gym:体育馆；gymnasium congrats:恭喜; congratulations grad: 毕业生；graduates doc: 医生；doctor demo: 示范，表演；demonstration,常见速 记符号,其它缩略词,cp(compare), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),常见速 记符号

19、,其它缩略词,S = sum f = frequency dept = department pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism,常见速 记符号,其它缩略词,pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry intro= introductio

20、n conc = concentration rep = repetition,常见速 记符号,其它缩略词,ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government . amt = amount contd = continued govt = government educatl = educational,常见速 记符号,其它, :at2 :to4 :for& :and w/ :with w/o: without vs :against,常见速 记符号,其它,THO ThoughTK

21、S ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large,常见速 记符号,笔记法四大原则,分心原则：三分记，七分听，一心多用。 借用原则：前面出现过的要点，后面可用箭头借用。 简化原则：笔记不必记下所有的信息点，要进行简化，记录要点。 取舍原则：记录要点要有主次之分，进行取舍。一般记录的重点为名词，便于信息的复原。,笔记注意事项,每次做完一段在底下画一道横线，便于与下一段进行区分。 每个意群画个斜线，符号占斜线的三分之一长。 每行记三到四个意群，一个分句后或一排空间不够时就换行。 换行后若两句之间又有逻辑联系，使用连接符 ，箭头指向核心处。,速记样例,tho. he $/ b. (Though he is rich, he is not happy.) 1.