新视界大学英语综合教程2unit.ppt

1、Live and learn,Warming up,Live and learn,1. Listen and underline any words or expressions which are different from what you hear,Think about it! Here are some tips for students who want to increase their thinking power,The more carefully you think about something, the less interesting it becomes. A

2、university student can learn a lot from TV programmes as well as from teachers. If you take a break when you get stuck on a difficult passage in a book, it may be more difficult to understand when you come back to it,The more carefully you think about something, the less interesting it becomes. (mor

3、e) A university student can learn a lot from TV programmes as well as from teachers. (other student) If you take a break when you get stuck on a difficult passage in a book, it may be more difficult to understand when you come back to it. (easier,Starting point,Dont believe anything your teacher say

4、s. Be prepared to check the facts. Read your lecture notes again within 24 days. Otherwise they may not make sense to you anymore. If you have any good ideas while you are in the bath, get out and write them down. Otherwise you will forget them. Its important to believe in your own ideas as much as

5、anybody elses,Dont believe anything your teacher says. Be prepared to check the facts. (everything) Read your lecture notes again within 24 days. (hours) Otherwise they may not make sense to you anymore. If you have any good ideas while you are in the bath, get out and write them down. Otherwise you

6、 will forget them. (bed) Its important to believe in your own ideas as much as anybody elses. (more than,Starting point,2. Work in pairs and discuss the advice. Decide which tips you agree with, and which you dont,Shorter points on the tips: 1st one: The first seems true to me. If you just look at a

7、n ant for a moment, it is of little interest, but if you start thinking about how they live, what they do and so on, it gets fascinating, and its like that with most things. 2nd one: Though perhaps there is a difference. You are more likely to learn subject knowledge from your teacher and other type

8、s of knowledge from friends who have had different experiences of life,Starting point,3rd one: There is no point in just reading and rereading. You need to go and give your mind a break, and then try again when you feel fresh. 4th one: I think that depends on the sort of thing the teacher says. If a

9、 teacher gives you facts about the subject, they are not likely to be wrong; but you can question opinions. 5th one: This is very good advice. I wish I took it more often. Some of my notes are like a strange foreign language,Starting point,6th one: Even better keep a notebook with you all the time.

10、You can put it by the bath as long as you are careful not to get it wet, as well as beside your bed. It is better than getting up and looking around for pen and paper. 7th one: Maybe, but there have been plenty of wiser and cleverer people than me so probably I should listen to their opinions first,

11、Starting point,Active reading,Thinking for yourself,Nancy Kline,Look at the title of the passage and answer the questions,1 What is “thinking for yourself”,The main meaning is not simply adopting the opinions of others, but taking the time and effort to form your own opinion, to be an independent th

12、inker,Active reading,2 Is it important to think for yourself,It is of great importance to think for yourself; you couldnt just simply accept the views of others. But we should also listen to the wiser people, as they tend to advise us according to their deeper experience,Active reading,3 How do you

13、learn to think for yourself,One way is, on any question, to try to think about different points of view. This means you do not just accept an idea but test it against others and only adopt it if it seems the best one to you,Active reading,4 Is it possible to teach someone to think for themselves,Yes

14、, it is possible but not easy. It has to be a process. I think it comes slowly when students, with the encouragement of teachers, learn to challenge themselves in a stimulating environment. One day they will find themselves actually thinking for themselves. If the teacher praises them for this, it w

15、ill strengthen the habit,Active reading,Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it. Choose the best answer to the questions on page 4 and 5,Task,1 Why does the writer believe thinking for oneself is not popular? (a) Because it takes too much time. (b) Because institutions dont

16、like it. (c) Because it doesnt lead to progress. (d) Because only a few people are able to do it. Answer: (b,Skimming,2 How often are people interested in what other people think according to the writer? (a) Always. (b) Often. (c) Hardly ever. (d) Never. Answer: (c,Skimming,3 Who first made the writ

17、er realize that thinking for oneself is important? (a) The manager of an oil company. (b) The writers parents. (c) The writers maths teacher. (d) The writers friend Sarah. Answer: (c,Skimming,4 How did the writer feel when she was asked to write “the sum of a number”? (a) Pleased, because it was an

18、easy question to answer. (b) Bored, because she wasnt interested in maths. (c) Worried, because she was the only one who didnt know the answer. (d) Confused, because she didnt understand the question. Answer: (d,Skimming,5 What did the writer do in the end? (a) She copied what someone else wrote. (b

19、) She suddenly realized the meaning of the question. (c) She felt too frightened to write an answer. (d) She asked the teacher to explain. Answer: (a,Skimming,6 What does the writer think of the maths teacher? (a) She was the best teacher she ever had. (b) She was the worst teacher she ever had. (c)

20、 She taught her an important lesson. (d) She valued the intelligence of her pupils. Answer: (c,Skimming,Listening,Listen to the article and underline any difficult words or expressions,1 Thinking for yourself is still a radical act. (Para 1,The word “still” shows the writers impatience after all thi

21、s time we are still thinking like sheep (盲目从众、没有主见的人) and following what everyone else does or thinks,Difficult sentences,2 particularly in places that shape our lives families, schools and most workplaces thinking for yourself is regarded with suspicion. (Line 4, Para 2,The idea behind this sentenc

22、e is that our lives are significantly influenced by places or social institutions like the family, school or workplace. For example, parents tend to make life choices for their children, schools make students wear uniform and obey the teacher, and most companies want their workers to follow regular

23、procedures and not to express their opinions,Difficult sentences,The writer was shocked that a person in such a senior position should have such an opinion and prefer obedient employees to thoughtful ones,3 I later found out that he is the fourth-generation president of one of the largest oil compan

24、ies. (Line 7, Para 3,Difficult sentences,The answer expected is that it is very rare for vision statements to say such things, even though the writer thinks it is what every organization should be aiming at,When was the last organizational vision statement you saw that included the words ? (Line 1,

25、Para 4,Difficult sentences,This is an example of irony: The expression is far too mild; clearly killing someone, ie Socrates, is very powerful discouragement to others who intend to follow him. not unmitigated encouragement: not a completely good encouragement,5 (We may have learned to revere thinke

26、rs like Socrates, but we also learned that the state poisoned him for thinking for himself: not unmitigated encouragement.) (Line 5, Para 5,Difficult sentences,The rather strange alliterative (头韵的) expression “pubescent people” instead of the more normal “teenagers” adds a touch of humour,6 The enti

27、re class of 35 pubescent people just stared at her. (Line 1, Para 7,Difficult sentences,The teacher drew out the event, creating suspense, and at that moment the tension in the classroom could even be touched. This is an exaggeration as agony cannot actually be touched, though sometimes physical sym

28、ptoms are visible, eg sweating when strained,7 After the agony among us had become tactile, (Line 1, Para 12,Difficult sentences,Note the absence of quotation marks. This dialogue is not between the child and teacher but in the childs head,8 I knew that. (Para 13,Difficult sentences,Unfortunately, t

29、he teachers lesson did not really work at the time because her approach made the students so afraid of her that their brains would not work properly in her presence. for the rest of my young life: It refers to the time the writer spent at that school,9 I was too scared around that teacher for the re

30、st of my young life to think very well in her presence. (Line 1, Para 19,Difficult sentences,a Thinking Environment: It is an important concept in Nancy Klines book; it refers to an organizational atmosphere which makes people feel comfortable about thinking about their work and goals,She certainly

31、did not create a Thinking Environment for us. (Line 6, Para 19,Difficult sentences,It is a metaphor derived from fanning a fire / flame. The teacher did give them a valuable lesson but its impact was lessened by her also increasing students fear of her,11 had she not fanned our fear of her (Line 9,

32、Para 19,Difficult sentences,radical,释义,a. radical opinions or acts are based on the belief that important political or social changes are necessary 激进的；极端的,例句,His radical ideas are likely to produce fireworks at the meeting,他的激进思想很可能在会上引起激烈的争论,翻译,Words in the presence of sb) in the same place as som

33、eone 有某人在场；有某人出席,例句,翻译,Words,当着全班同学的面，那男孩受到了惩罚,The boy was punished in the presence of all his classmates,真题,A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions, before g

34、raduating to full driving privileges. (Sep. 2003, CET-4, Reading Comprehension,presence,释义,n. U the existence of someone or something in a particular place 存在；在场,例句,翻译,Words,那年轻人清楚地知道她当时就在聚会现场,The young man had been well aware of her presence at the party,真题,Their presence on campus helps break some

35、 long believes about aging. (Jan. 1999, CET-4, Listening Comprehension,例句,翻译,他们认为他在村里出现只会招惹麻烦,They argued that his presence in the village could only stir up trouble,fan,释义,vt. (fml) to make a feeling or belief stronger 煽动；激发,例句,翻译,Words,这个故事煽动了选民的情绪,The story fanned the emotions of the voters,Comme

36、nts like that will only fan the flames of distrust and fear,例句,翻译,像那样的评论只会激起怀疑和恐惧,powerful,释义,a. with a lot of physical force 有力的,例句,翻译,Words,要做到这一点，你需要有发达的肌肉,You need powerful muscles for this,Some people doubted that the secret of making atomic bombs could be kept from other countries. Some even d

37、oubted the wisdom of using so powerful a weapon. (Jun. 1990, CET-4, Reading comprehension,真题,例句,翻译,他以一记重重的左勾拳打在对手的下巴上,He landed a powerful left hook on rivals chin,powerful,释义,a. able to influence or control what people do or think 有影响力的；能控制他人的,例句,翻译,Words,该电影将图像和语言很有感染力地融在一起,The film uses a powerfu

38、l blend of images and words,例句,翻译,我们生活在一个传媒影响力巨大的社会中,We live in a society where the media are extremely powerful,concept,释义,n. C an idea of something that exists 概念,例句,翻译,Words,第一章介绍管理的基本概念,The first chapter introduces the basic concepts of management,And by focusing attention on healthy ways of liv

39、ing, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life. (Dec. 2006, CET-4, Reading comprehension,例句,翻译,她补充说在西方，大家对包办婚姻的概念有些误解,She added that the concept of arranged marriages is misunderstood in the west,Culture points,It is a short pi

40、ece of writing that describes what an organization wants to be, or how it wants the world in which it operates to be in the future. It is meant to inspire members of the organization,vision statement (愿景宣言,Culture points,He (469399BC) was a Greek philosopher who lived in the fifth century BC. He was

41、 charged with giving the young people of Athens bad ideas and put to death. His ideas were recorded in The Dialogues of Plato and have had a major influence on Western thought,Socrates (苏格拉底,Work in pairs. Look at the sentences from the passage and answer the questions,Reading and Interpreting,Under

42、standing writers attitude A writer can use a variety of techniques to reveal their attitude towards the facts theyre describing. These techniques include an “after-thought” following what appears to be a fact, an adjective before the fact, words like really which question or stress the real truth be

43、hind a fact, and exaggeration or humour,1 Thinking for yourself is not a popular activity, though it should be. Whose opinion does “though it should be” refer to? It refers to the writers opinion,Reading and Interpreting,2 I was reminded of this sad fact at a party when a fellow guest asked me the s

44、ubject of a book I was planning to write,What is the “sad fact”? What does this choice of word tell us about the writers opinion? The “sad fact” refers to the fact that thinking for yourself can be seen as suspicious or dangerous. It shows the writer is unhappy about this and thinks it is wrong,Read

45、ing and Interpreting,3 For that matter, when was the last time somebody asked you, “What do you really think, really?” and then waited for you to answer at length? What answer does the writer expect to this question,The writer expects an answer like “I cant remember”, “many years ago”, “it hardly ev

46、er happens” etc; in a word, a negative answer,Reading and Interpreting,4 I remember my hand gathering sweat around the pencil. How do you think the writer was feeling at this moment? The writer was feeling tense, nervous and frightened,Reading and Interpreting,affirm agony glimpse institution lean p

47、ace peer poison rub scratch,Unfamiliar Words,Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes,1 I moved my body forwards so that I could get a quick look at what was written in the book,leant / leaned,a glimpse of,Unfamiliar Words,2 Our c

48、ollege has publicly stated that it will help students with financial problems. 3 Waiting for the results of the exams was not pleasant it was a feeling of great worry,affirmed,affirm agony glimpse institution lean pace peer poison rub scratch,an agony,Unfamiliar Words,4 I looked carefully at the let

49、ter but I couldnt read the name at the bottom. 5 In the next room a woman was walking up and down the room,peered,affirm agony glimpse institution lean pace peer poison rub scratch,pacing,Unfamiliar Words,6 I could hear the dog moving its claws against the door, trying to get out. 7 The university i

50、s one of the most famous large organizations in the country,scratching at,affirm agony glimpse institution lean pace peer poison rub scratch,institutions,Unfamiliar Words,8 The king died after he was made to eat or drink a substance that could kill him. 9 She woke up and pressed and moved her hands

51、over her eyes, still feeling sleepy,rubbed,poisoned,affirm agony glimpse institution lean pace peer poison rub scratch,Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in the box,advanced concept particularly powerful presence radical suspicion,Unfamiliar Words,Children learn from their tea

52、chers, but they learn from other children too. This (1) _ has been proved in a lot of research, (2) _ with young children. When they find themselves in the (3) _ of other children, the desire to imitate them is a(n) (4) _ aid to learning,concept,particularly,presence,powerful,advanced concept partic

53、ularly powerful presence radical suspicion,Unfamiliar Words,Adults may lose their motivation, but not children! But real progress comes when children learn to think for themselves and that, as we all know now, is a(n) (5) _ skill. It may sound (6) _ and we may view it with (7) _, but its an importan

54、t skill to learn,advanced,radical,suspicion,Unfamiliar Words,Answer the questions about the words,1 If you thwart something, do you (a) make it happen, or (b) stop it from happening? 2 If you revere someone, do you think they are (a) very old, or (b) very wise,Answer: b,Answer: b,Unfamiliar Words,3

55、If you malign another person, do you say (a) nice things, or (b) bad things about them? 4 Is an aisle (a) a narrow area between rows of seats, or (b) an area at the front of a classroom,Answer: b,Answer: a,Unfamiliar Words,5 If you scribble something, do you write it (a) very quickly, or (b) very cl

56、early and carefully? 6 If you humiliate another person, do you make them feel (a) bad, or (b) good about themselves,Answer: a,Answer: a,Look at the chart and choose the thinking style which best matches you,Talking Point,In the past there used to be IQ (Intelligence Quotient) tests, which were meant

57、 to measure your intelligence. They mostly tested your linguistic and mathematical skills,IQ tests still exist, but today psychologists think that people think in different ways, and there may be as many as seven different “thinking styles”. Here are some of the statements they ask people to choose

58、to describe themselves,Talking Point,Multiple Intelligences(多元智能论)：developed by the American psychologist Howard Gardener,One type of intelligence shared by all,Different people are intelligent in different ways,Intelligence can be thought of as a set of different kinds of thinking styles or skills,

59、 each of which is oriented to a different aspect of the mind and its relation to the world,Talking Point,Smart” in British English and American English,In British English, “smart” can refer either to intelligence or appearance. e.g. You look smart. You are dressed very nicely and your hair is stylish,In American English, the meaning is confined to mental abilities and quickness of mind,Talking Point,Talking Point,Work in pairs. Talk about some famous people you know and decide which their main thinking styles are,Talking Point,Mozart(1756-