外研版 Book 3 Module 6 Grammar PPT

1、Module 6,Module 6 Old and New,Non-defining attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句,1. The power of the Yangtze River, which is the worlds third longest river, has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.,世界第三大长河-长江的能量已经被三峡大坝转化为了动力。,Read and translate the sentences.,2.The Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest c

2、onstruction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built to control flooding and provide hydro-electric power for the central region of China.,继长城和大运河之后, 最大的建筑工程 三峡大坝被建造以控制洪灾并为华中地区提供电力。,定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词, 与先行词之间一般不加逗号; 非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常

3、用逗号分开, 是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思。,引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as, which, who, whom, whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、定语。关系副词有when, where等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省。,1. Im taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here. 2. My mother, whom you met last year, keeps telling me not to t

4、ake them because they are dangerous.,Examples:,3. Then the doctor found someone in your country, whose name is Li Dong, was an exact match for me. 4. Its the same in Chinamany people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often danger

5、ous.,Differences between the Attributive Clauses and Non-defining Attributive Clauses.,Look at the following sentences and tell the differences between them.,1. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday. 2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing quickly.,Conclusion 1,当先行词是地名、人名、

6、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句修饰。,1. I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。 2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐, 她在医院工作。,3. The magazines here which / that have nice pictures in them were written by him. 里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他编写的。 4. The magazines here, which have nice

7、 pictures in them, were written by him. 所有的杂志都是他编写的, 里面都有漂亮的图画。,Conclusion 2,1. 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分, 如果去掉它, 主句意思往往不明确。 2. 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明, 去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。,This is the house (which/ that )we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。 2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这房子很漂亮, 是

8、我们上个月买的。,3. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没领会我的意思, 这使我心烦。,Conclusion 3,1. 限制性定语从句可以由关系代词, 关系副词来引导, 关系代词作宾语时可以省略。 2. 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句, 不可用that引导且关系代词不可以省略。,1. The famous basketball star, _ comes from America, will visit our school soon. 2. In those day

9、s, she used to go to Mr black, with _ she had a wonderful time. 3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot.,which,whom,who,4. Xian, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. 5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy. 6. The school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.,whi

10、ch,where,when,7. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. 8. _ we all know, he is good at English.,As,which,1. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时, as和which可代替整个主句, 相当于and this或and that。这两个关系代词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思, 且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。,2. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不 同之处在于: (1) as引导的定语从句可置于句首, 而which引导的定语

11、从句不可放在句首。 (2) as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时, 从句中的谓语必须是系动词; 若从句中的谓语为行为动词, 则从句中的关系代词只能用which。另外, as引导非限制性从句, 常带有“正如”的意思。,Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise. 2. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. 3. _ is expected, the England team won the footb

12、all match.,As,which,which,Exercises,I. Fill in the blanks.,4. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. 5. _ we can see, the smoke came from the little dustbin.,which,As,Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. A. wh

13、o B. that C. what D. which,II. Choose the best answers.,2. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that 3. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. when B. which C.

14、what D. that,4. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _ is often the case in other countries. A. it B. that C. as D .so,5. Mr. Smith will move into his new house next Sunday, _ it will be completely finished. A. by the time B. on that time C. on whic

15、h D. by which time 6. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _ leading actor is world-famous? A. its B. its C. whose D. which,7. Is there a department store around _ I can get a birthday present for my daughter? Yes, just across the street. A. here B which C. where D. it,1. This is one of the most intere

16、sting films _ shown last week. This is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were,B,D,III. Compare and choose the best answers.,2. He has two sons, _ are college students. He has two sons, and _ are college students. A. both of w

17、hich B. both of whomC. both of them D. both of it,C,B,3. He still lives in the room _ window faces to the east. He still lives in the room, the window _ faces to the east. He still lives in the room _ is in the north of the city. He still lives in the room _ there is a beautiful table. A. which B. w

18、hose C. where D. of which,C,A,D,B,4. _ we all know, China is rich in natural resources. _ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources. _ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources. A. Which B. As C. It D. That,B,C,B,5. Is this museum _ he visited last month? The teacher tells us tha

19、t _ cleans the blackboard is to be praised. A. that B. the one C. which D. the one who,B,D,Contraction of attributive clauses 定语从句的缩略形式,有些定语从句可以缩略为各种短语，如分词短语、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语及动词不定式短语等，且句意不受影响。我们称这一语法现象为定语从句的缩略。,有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词(who, which, that) 和部分谓语(am, is, are, were)等，从而使之缩略为现在分词短语或过去分词短语作后置定语。

20、例如： 1) I know the men (who are) sitting in that car.,2) The boys helped the people (that were) hurt in the accident. 3) The problem (which is) bothering everybody is the lack of money. 4) The book (that has been) given to him is an English novel.,有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为分词。这类定语从句一般缩略为现在分词短语，且在缩略时要考虑

21、现在分词的时态和词态特征。例如：,The man who owns that car will be fined for illegal parking. The man owning that car will be fined for illegal parking.,Bill, who had taken chemistry in high school, offered to help him. Bill, having taken chemistry in high school, offered to help him.,1. Whatever is left over may b

22、e put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks. （2011安徽） A. when B. which C. where D. while 2. Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently. (2011湖南) A. who B. whom C. which D. that,C,C,高考连接,3. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are bu

23、ilt close to each other. (山东2011) A. they B. where C. what D. that 4. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. (2012全国卷II) A. that B. which C. what D. when,D,B,5. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. (江苏2012) A. which B. who C. where D