三维 CAD 注射模具设计外文文献翻译

1、外文文献翻译 (含：英文原文及中文译文) 文献出处： Chan W M, Yan L, Xiang W, et al. A 3D CAD knowledge-based assisted injection mould design systemJ. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2003, 22(5-6):387-395.中文译文三维 CAD 知识付诸注射模具设计系统Chan W M, Yan L, Xiang W一、引言近年来, 塑料制品制造行业迅猛发展。 注塑成型是一种非常受欢迎的 塑料零件成型方法

2、, 注塑模具对于产品质量和高效的制品加工有着十分重要的意义。 想要保持竞争优势的模具制造公司, 希望通过实现设 计过程的自动化来缩短模具设计和制造的周期。 因此, 计算机辅助注塑模具设计系统 (CAIMDS ) 的发展正逐渐成文工业界和学术界研究的焦点。最近发表的论文表明, 自动化模具设计的研究主要集中于单个组件的模具工艺。例如, 翁等人以及拉维集中研究送料系统;王等人主要研究喷射系统; 其他人研究的重点是总体设计。 一般注塑模具系统的研究大多数可以分为两个领域:功能、 概念和初步模具设计以及自动化模具生成算法。注塑模具的功能、 概念和初步设计主要用于前模设计。 此类设计包括 选择一个合适的模

3、架、安排型腔布局、设计分流道以及设计浇口,目 的是为了对于一个特定的要求提出大量不同的产品理念。 布里顿等人 通过提出功能 -环境 -行为 -结构模型,从功能的角度解决了注塑模具 设计的问题。 这项研究制造出了很多设计的互换件。 科斯塔和杨提出了产品范围模型, 以支持不同设计案例中设计信息的再利用。 产品范 围模型的总体结构大致是从设计功能方面定义的, 该功能的设计与各 系列设计方案以及潜在方案与知识链之间的内在联系息息相关。 叶等 人提出了一种自动化初始设计的算法, 能够计算出型腔数并自动化地 设计出型腔。注塑模具的初始设计涉及对模具组件广泛的实验知识。 因此,许多研究人员采用以实验知识为基

4、础的方法。他们开发了一些以实验知识为基础的系统,用来建议塑料材料的选 择、捕获注塑模具零件的设计特征、分析可塑性、自动生成模具设计 工艺以及开发产品的模具设计。这样的系统有诸如 GERES (尼尔森 ), PLASSEX(阿格拉沃尔 和瓦苏德万 ),EIMPPLAN-1(秦和王 ),CADFEED(翁等 人 ),ICAD (辛魁格兰那 ),IKMOULD(莫克等人 ) 以及卓克索大学的知识 库系统 (曾等人 ) 。 但是, 这些知识库系统只考虑吧了总体设计的某些 方面, 作为一个注塑模具的自动生成系统, 需要做大量的理论研究工作,以自动地确定分型方向和分型面、生成分型面、识别削弱特征以 及生成

5、型腔。 拉维和斯利瓦尼桑提出了九个规则, 工程师可以用它们 在制品中开发合适的分型面。这些规则分别是投影面积、平整度、收 缩力、 同轴度、 削弱力、 尺寸稳定性、 流动率、 加工表面和定向凝固。 惠和谭提出了行程型腔和型芯的扫描方法。 型腔和型芯是经过一系列 的步骤生成的, 在拉伸方向扫描生成一个实体, 这个实体的一端是从 第一个模块中去除得到的, 模块的另一端是从模具中减去的。 上述步 骤的结果被去除的部分在闭合位置得到型腔和型芯。 信和李提出了一 种型芯和型腔发展的方法, 因此可以生成侧型芯以及相应的型芯和型 腔板。该方法由三个步骤组成,设计者确定分型线,它把制品分为两 组表面,每组表面都

6、有分型面连接到它,然后,外部的表面再与每组 的表面接触。信说,一个模具由多个型腔、型芯和侧芯组成。惠基于 多面体外部和内部的削弱分析, 研究了注塑模具的的可塑性。 堵塞概 念的提出确定了主脱模方向, 而且, 细分技术被开发用来评估几何方 法削弱。陈等人引入了可视映射的概念,确定了分型的方向。但这个 方法没有考虑到内部削弱力。 付等人和倪等人根据外环槽和成型件的 内环槽,提出了一种削弱力的新分类。考虑到方向、位置、数量和削 弱力特征量, 他们提出了分型方向的标准, 而分型方向正是基于此确 定的。付等人通过挤压分型线边缘和使用布尔查运算创造型芯 /型腔 块, 提出了一种生成分型面的方法。 倪等人还

7、提出了生成非平面的分 型线和分型线的方法论。 王等人提出了一种确定复杂形状制品的分割 面的方法,他们的方法是, 使用一种算法分开制品。通过这种方法形成的分型线和分型面是平面内的。目前,对于自动化模具设计的研究还仍然在进行中。然而,有一 些方法是相当的理论化的, 而模具设计却可能有着相当复杂的制品几 何形状。 大多数模具开发活动要有很高的技术水平, 以及各种专业设 计经验和知识。 由于自动化模具设计技术的发展仍然远远超出了当前 的技术, 所以它更适合用于提供只能规则或指导方针, 防止设计过程 中与约束产生冲突。 这些规则在具体的模具设计环境中, 还提供交换 工具。 本文阐述了一种交互式的注塑模具

8、设计系统, 该系统集成了初 始模具设计、具体的模具设计知识库和交互式计算机辅助设计 /计算 机辅助制造软件。本文的第二部分,从设计师的角度,概述了注塑模 具设计过程的分析。二、注塑模设计过程要求分析注塑模具设计由两个步骤组成:初始设计和详细设计。初始设计 由前期阶段的模具设计作出的决定组成,如模具结构类型、型腔数、 流道类型、浇口类型和模架类型。详细设计由内嵌(型芯 /型腔)设 计、弹射系统设计、冷却和排气组件设计、装配分析和最终的起早组 成。为了开发一种好的计算机辅助注塑模具设计系统,需要执行“他 们有什么”和“他们想要什么”的分析。他们有什么:-客户对该制品的要求。这包括制品详细的几何形状

9、和尺寸要求。 -现有模具设计库。这个设计库涵盖了设计标准或预先设计的部件及其装配,例如,模架(定模架和半动模架)和模腔(定模腔和半动模 腔) 。-注塑模具设计中的专用知识。注塑模具的初始设计和详细设计的专 用知识, 主要是从有经验的模具设计师那里获得的。 这些知识包括材 料的选择、收缩建议、型腔布局的建议等等。他们想要什么:-一个智能并且交互式的模具设计环境。模具的设计往往是由一系列 的设计程序组成的, 这些程序通常需要创建一定的模具零件, 并且装 配现有的模具零件。 这种模具设计环境不需要是完全自动化的, 尤其 是对于许多复杂的制品。 智能并且交互式的设计环境将是使一些有用 的自动化算法、

10、启发性知识和经验丰富的模具设计师的在线互动相结 合的一个很好的选择。-设计标准或预先设计的部件及其装配(独立的制品零件)管理。除 了型芯和型腔, 注塑模具有很多其他的零件, 他们在结构和几何形状 上是相似的, 而这可以用于其他注塑模具的设计。 这些零件与塑料模 具制品是相互独立的, 他们大多是标准件, 可以在不同的模具设计和 模具组中重新使用。-型芯和型腔设计中有用的方法(包括实体设计与分析算法) 。型芯、 型腔系统的几何形状和尺寸的确定是由模具制品直接决定的。 这样一 个系统中的所有组件都对制品有依赖性。 同时, 这些零件是模具设计 中的关键部件,他们的几何要求可能是非常复杂的。因此,一些用

11、于 设计基于半自动和半相互作用的型芯和型腔的工具是非常有用的。-装配设计。 在传统的计算机辅助设计 /计算机辅助制造系统中, 模具 被表示为一个完整的几何和拓扑实体模型, 这个模型是由一个三围欧 式空间中面、边、 顶点组成。这样的表示适用于视觉显示和执行几何 计算密集型任务,例如工程分析与仿真。但是,对于基于制品几何实 体及其关系的高层信息的要求决策的任务, 这种形式是不适用的。 模 具设计师喜欢装配环境的设计, 而不是简单实体模型的环境。 这个理 念也是由 Ye 等人提出来的。-设计制造。一个完整的注塑模具设计开发周记是由模具设计和模具 制造工艺组成的。为了使计算机辅助设计 /计算机辅助制造

12、应用于模 具设计,模具的制造特点应是由特定的数控机床抽象出来并分析的。 无论是工艺规划还是数控代码都应该是自动化生成, 使最终设计的模 具得以制造。-设计图纸。对于许多公司来说,注塑模具的设计必须表示有着详细 尺寸的工程制图。 能够从最终的注塑模具设计中自动生成这些图纸的 计算机辅助设计 /计算机辅助制造工具将是有用的。基于上述分析, 我们研究的重点是开发代表 “他们有什么” 和 “他 们想要什么”的技术。代表“他们想要什么”实际上是知识和注塑模具对象的表示。开 发“他们有什么”意味着将为注塑模具设计的智能、交互式的工具, 结合到一个完整的设计环境中。 因此, 为模具设计师提出的 IKB-MO

13、ULD 实现了上述的两个要求。英文原文 3D CAD knowledge-based assisted injection mould design systemChan W M, Yan L, Xiang Ws1 IntroductionIn recent years, the plastics manufacturing industry has developed rapidly. Injection molding is a very popular method for molding plastic parts. Injection molds are of great impor

14、tance for product quality and efficient product processing. A mold manufacturing company that wants to maintain a competitive advantage wants to shorten the mold design and manufacturing cycle by automating the design process. Therefore, the development of computer-aided injection mold design system

15、s (CAIMDS) is gradually becoming the focus of research in the written industry and academia.Recent published papers indicate that the research of automated mold design focuses on the mold process of a single component. For example, Weng et al. and Ravi concentrated on the feeding system; Wang et al.

16、 mainly studied the injection system; others focused on the overall design. The majority of general injection mold system research can be divided into two areas: function, concept, and preliminary mold design, as well as automated mold generation algorithms.The function, concept, and preliminary des

17、ign of the injection mold are mainly used for the front mold design. This type of design involves selecting a suitable formwork, arranging cavity layouts, designing runners, and designing gates, with the aim of presenting a large number of different product concepts for a particular requirement. Bri

18、tton et al. solved the problem of injection mold design from a functional point of view by proposing a function-environment-behavior-structure model. This study produced many designs of interchangeable parts. Costa and Yang proposed a product range model to support the reuse of design information in

19、 different design cases. The overall structure of the product scope model is generally defined from the aspect of design function. The design of this function is closely related to the intrinsic link between various series of design solutions and potential solutions and knowledge chains. Ye et al. p

20、roposed an algorithm for automatic initial design that can calculate the cavity number and automatically design the cavity. The initial design of an injection mold involves extensive experimental knowledge of the mold assembly. Therefore, many researchers use methods based on experimental knowledge.

21、They developed systems based on experimental knowledge to suggest the choice of plastic materials, capture the design features of injection mold parts, analyze plasticity, automatically generate mold design processes, and develop product mold designs. Such systems are such as GERES (Nelson), PLASSEX

22、(Agrawal and Vasudwan), EIMPPLAN-1 (Qin and Wang), CADFEED (Ong et al.), ICAD (Sinquer Granner), IKMOULD (Mokker et al.) and Djokovo University Knowledge Base System (Zeng et al.). However, these knowledge base systems only consider some aspects of the overall design. As an automatic injection moldi

23、ng tool generation system, a large amount of theoretical research work is needed to automatically determine the parting direction and the parting surface and generate the parting surface. Identify weak features and generate cavities. Ravi and Slivanisan proposed nine rules that engineers can use to

24、develop suitable parting surfaces in products. These rules are projected area, flatness, shrinkage force, concentricity, weakening force, dimensional stability, flow rate, machined surface, and directional solidification. Hui Hetan proposed a scanning method for stroke cavity and core. The cavity an

25、d core are created through a series of steps. Scanning in the direction of stretching creates a solid body. One end of the solid body is removed from the first block, and the other end of the block is subtracted from the mold. The portion where the result of the above step was removed obtains the ca

26、vity and the core in the closed position. Xinhe Li proposed a method for the development of cores and cavities so that side cores and corresponding cores and cavity plates can be produced. The method consists of three steps. The designer determines the parting line. It divides the products into two

27、sets of surfaces. Each set of surfaces has a parting surface connected to it. Then, the outer surface comes into contact with the surface of each set. The letter said that a mold consists of multiple cavities, cores and side cores. Hui based on the analysis of the external and internal weakening of

28、the polyhedron, studied the plasticity of the injection mold. The proposed plugging concept determines the main stripping direction, and the subdivision technique was developed to evaluate the geometrical method weakening. Chen et al. introduced the concept of visual mapping and determined the direc

29、tion of typing. However, this method does not take into account internal weakening. Fu et al. and Ni et al. proposed a new classification of weakening force based on the outer ring groove and the inner ring groove of the molded part. Taking into account the direction, position, quantity, and weakeni

30、ng force characteristics, they proposed the criteria for the direction of the classification, and the direction of the division was based on this determination. Fu et al. proposed a method for generating parting surfaces by squeezing the edge of the parting line and creating a core/cavity block usin

31、g Boolean search. Ni et al. also proposed a method for generating non-planar parting lines and parting lines. Wang et al. proposed a method for determining the segmented surfaces of complex shaped products. Their method was to use an algorithm to separate the products. The parting lines and parting

32、planes formed by this method are in-plane.At present, research on automated mold design is still in progress. However, some methods are quite theoretical, and the mold design may have a rather complex product geometry. Most mold development activities require a high level of technology, as well as v

33、arious professional design experiences and knowledge. Because the development of automated mold design technology still far exceeds current technology, it is more suitable for providing only rules or guidelines to prevent conflicts with constraints in the design process. These rules also provide exc

34、hange tools in the specific mold design environment. This article describes an interactive injection mold design system that integrates initial mold design, a specific mold design knowledge base, and interactive computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing software. The second part of this art

35、icle, from the designers perspective, outlines the analysis of the injection mold design process.Second, the injection mold design process requirements analysisInjection mold design consists of two steps: initial design and detailed design. The initial design consists of decisions made during the ea

36、rly stages of the mold design, such as the type of mold structure, the number of cavities, the type of runner, the type of gate, and the type of mold. The detailed design consists of in-line (core/cavity) design, ejector system design, cooling and exhaust component design, assembly analysis, and eve

37、ntual early assembly.In order to develop a good computer-aided injection mold design system, it is necessary to perform analysis of what do they have and what do they want?What do they have:- Customers requirements for the product. This includes the detailed geometry and size requirements of the pro

38、duct. - Existing mold design library. This design library covers design standards or pre-designed components and their assembly, for example, mold bases (fixturing frames and semi-moving mold bases) and cavities (fixed and semi-moving mold cavities).- Specific knowledge in injection mold design. The

39、 specific knowledge of the initial design and detailed design of injection molds is mainly obtained from experienced mold designers. This knowledge includes material selection, shrinkage recommendations, cavity layout recommendations, and more.What do they want:- An intelligent and interactive mold

40、design environment. The design of a mold is often made up of a series of design procedures that usually require the creation of certain mold parts and the fitting of existing mold parts. This mold design environment does not need to be fully automated, especially for many complex products. An intell

41、igent and interactive design environment will be a good choice for combining some useful automation algorithms, inspiring knowledge, and online interaction with experienced mold designers.- Design standard or pre-designed parts and their assembly (independent part parts) management. In addition to c

42、ores and cavities, injection molds have many other parts. They are similar in structure and geometry, and this can be used in the design of other injection molds. These parts are independent of the plastic mold products. Most of them are standard parts and can be reused in different mold designs and

43、 mold sets.- Useful methods in core and cavity design (including solid design and analysis algorithms). The determination of the core and cavity system geometry and dimensions is directly determined by the mold product. All components in such a system are dependent on the product. At the same time,

44、these parts are key components in the mold design, and their geometric requirements may be very complex. Therefore, some tools for designing semi-automatic and semi-interacting cores and cavities are very useful.- Assembly design. In the traditional computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing

45、 system, the mold is represented as a complete geometric and topological entity model consisting of faces, edges, and vertices in a three-dimensional European space. Such representations are suitable for visual display and execution of computationally intensive tasks such as engineering analysis and simulation. However, this form is not suitable