英国报纸发展（British newspaper development）

1、英国报纸发展（British newspaper development）TimesThe Times is a comprehensive national newspaper published in Britain. It is a newspaper that has a great influence on the politics, economy and culture of the whole world.The times is affiliated with Rupert Murdochs news corporation. For a long time, the tim

2、es has been regarded as Britains first mainstream newspaper, known as a faithful record of British society. The times played an important role in Britains domestic politics and international relations. After being bought by Murdoch, it means that the timess style is gradually becoming conservative.T

3、he timess English name The Times, translated literally from Chinese, should be the times. However, its translation has become similar to the pronunciation, but not associated with the Thames River (River Thames). Due to the conventional relationship, mistranslation has been preserved. There are many

4、 newspapers around the world called Times, such as the New York Times (The New York Times). In order to distinguish it, the times is sometimes referred to by the English language as The London Times. The times is the first newspaper in the world to be named after Times.HistoryThe pages of the timesT

5、he times was born in 1785 and was founded by John walter. At the beginning of the birth, the name of this newspaper is The Daily Register Universal. In January 1, 1788, officially changed to todays name. John Walter was also the first editor in chief of the times. He resigned in 1803 and passed on h

6、is publisher and editor to his son, Walter John. John Walter had been jailed for 16 months for libel. However it is in charge of Walter John?, the times will be the first British news perspective extends to other European countries, especially france. This is the times in the political and financial

7、 sector won a high reputation.As a comprehensive daily newspaper, the times focuses on politics, science, literature, art, etc., and has gained a good reputation in almost every field. In its early days, the times were profitable, and the profit margins were so great that there was hardly another ne

8、wspaper that could rival the quality or the economy. It is also for this reason that times employees, including journalists, editors and columnists, earn more than journalists who work in other newspapers.In early nineteenth Century, the times served as the three chief editor John, Barnes and Thomas

9、 Stoddart? John? Thaddeus efforts, its influence has been enhanced, especially in the UK and London political affairs.The times was the first newspaper with foreign correspondents and the first newspaper to be sent to war correspondents. W H, Russell, who was once sent to the Crimea by the times, wr

10、ote a series of war stories that had made the little-known journalist famous.In the great political events of the nineteenth Century, the times played an important role. For example, during the American Civil war,The newspaper openly opposes slavery. The times openly supports certain politicians in

11、its own value, but never pander to public opinion. President Lincoln once said, I dont know what else can have the power of the times except the Mississippi River.In 1847, John Walter third took over his father, known as the publisher of the newspaper. Despite the increasingly conservative politics

12、of the Walter family, the times maintained its independence. However, around the 1850, the rapid rise of the cheap Penny newspaper posed a great threat to the survival and development of the times. The main threats come from cheap newspapers in two: the Daily Telegraph and the daily mail.In 1880, No

13、rthern Rock gained the ownership of the newspaper and innovated it to make it more effective. In 1922, John Jacob Astor bought the times from northern rock. 30s was a very disgraceful period in the history of the times, because the newspaper received the policy of appeasement and openly condoned fas

14、cist aggression by germany. Meanwhile, the timess editor, George Geoffrey Dawson, and British Prime Minister Chamberlain formed a political alliance to openly support the British governments foreign policy.In 1966, the Astor family sold the times to Roy Thomsen, a big publisher from canada. It was a

15、lso in this year, the times began to publish news reports in the first edition of the newspaper (prior to this, the times the first edition published mainly small luxury advertisement, object for the class). At this time the times was overwhelmed.In 1979 the industrial dispute makes the times publis

16、hed nearly a year. It was not until 1981 that Rupert Murdoch of news group bought the newspaper for 12 million. Murdochs news group also owns the popular newspaper, the sun, which is known for its largest circulation of third pages of naked women.The acquisition of the times, Murdoch immediately rep

17、laced the original editor William? Li Si - Harold Evans and moge, appointed as the new editor?. Evans made a major reform of the times, including the introduction of new interviews and communication technologies, and the introduction of more efficient management systems. In 1982, the times began usi

18、ng computer typesetting and laser phototypesetting. The move led to a massive downsizing of the times, reducing the number of employees in its printing department from 375 to 186. At this point, however, journalists could not write articles directly through typing input. This situation continued unt

19、il 1986.In 2005, official figures showed that the times had an average daily circulation of 688 thousand copies. This sales volume has been the best release level of the times in recent years. The daily telegraph, which belongs to an integrated quality newspaper, is more sales than the times, with a

20、n average daily circulation of about 920 thousand copies and a total of more than 300 thousand subscribers.FeaturesThe times has been adhering to the independent, objective reporting of facts and reporting the history of development purposes, but look at the history of more than 200 years,It can be

21、seen that the political tendency of the newspaper is basically conservative, and supports the view of the British government in all previous important domestic and international affairs.The daily edition of the times is about 40 pages. The layout can be divided into two parts. One is news and commen

22、tary at home and abroad, culture, art, and book reviews. The first is business, finance, sports, radio, television and entertainment. The reporting style is very serious, and the content of the report is very detailed. Its readership mainly includes political, business, financial and intellectual ci

23、rcles.After the acquisition of the times, Murdoch has repeatedly stressed that he will not interfere with the editorial policy of the newspaper, and does not reduce the quality and style of its historical accumulation, but it means that the times has still undergone some changes. In editorial style,

24、 more pictures, more social news, and more political tendencies; pro american government trends.Successive issuerJohn Walter (1785-1803)Little John Walter (1803-1847)John Walter, third (1847-1894)Arthur, Fraser, Walter (1894-1908)Sir North Rock (1908-1922)The Astor family (1922-1966)Roy, Thomsen (19

25、66-1981)Rupert, Murdoch (1981-)Successive editor in chiefJohn Walter (1785-1803)Little John Walter (1803-1809)John Stoddart (1809-1817)?Thomas, Barnes (1817-1841)John, Ryan (1841-1877)Thomas chenoll (1877-1884)? George? Earl Buckley (1884-1912)?George, Geoffrey, Dawson (1912-1919)Henry? Wickham Stee

26、de (1919-1922)?George, Geoffrey, Dawson (1923-1941)? Robert? Mike temperature? Bahrain meal - Wald (1941-1948)William, Casey (1948-1952)William, Hailey (1952-1966)William? Li Si - Mo Ge (1967-1981)Harold, Evans (1981-1982)Charles, Douglas, Hume (1982-1985)Charles Wilson (1985-1990)Simon, Jenkins (19

27、90-1992)Peter Stowe? Sade (1992-2002)Robert, Thomsen (2002-)Serving columnistSimon, Barnes?Columbine? Alan?Benjamin, Cohen?Elese? Cohen?Michael, GF?Tim, Humes?Anthony, Howard?Philip, Howard?Mick, Hume?Anatole, C Lessky?Magnus, Linklater?Anthony, Luo Yide?Ben, Madge Tell?Morondava? Caitlin?Richard, M

28、orrison?Matthew Parrish?Libby, amber, WeissWilliam, Li Si - Mo Ge?Peter Lee DELL?Nick, Robinson?Marie Ann Hart Seeger?Janis Turner?Victor Krafts patience?External linksThe Times Online？泰晤士报时尚手册德：时代恩：时间：时间：时间：FI FR的时候他：？答：NL：时代网络时代的时代：没有：PL：时代PT：时代钌次SV：时代补充内容泰晤士报创刊于1785年元旦，原名为每日环球纪录报，也有资料翻译为世鉴日报，创办人是

29、约翰沃尔特。1788年正式定名为泰晤士报。该报创刊时并不显眼，但由于它致力于详尽而迅速的报道国内外新闻、整版刊登国会辩论实况，以及时报道法国大革命的进程，几年后便成为伦敦第一流的大报。到1803年沃尔特儿子小沃尔特接手泰晤士报时，又进一步扩大该报的报道面，一步步把泰晤士报推上了它历史发展的第一次巅峰。这一时期，小沃尔特对泰晤士报进行了全面改革：1。在经营方面，该报完全割断和政府的联系，依靠广告和发行收入而充分自立。2。在报道方面，它大量刊登国内外要闻，派遣干练的记者奔赴国内外热点地区采访获得许多独家新闻，1815年拿破仑滑铁卢战败的消息就是由泰晤士报抢先报道的。当时泰晤士报在国外的影响力很大，

30、以至于报社的驻外记者常被人们视为第二大使。3在言论方面，它崇尚独立，通过遍布全国的记者网经常了解各基层的情绪和意见作为评论依据，因此逐步成为舆论界的重要力量。4在技术方面，重视新技术，率先采用蒸汽印刷机、轮转印刷机，不断提高印刷质量和速度。经过这些改革泰晤士报成了当时英国首屈一指的大报，到1847年小沃尔特去世时，泰晤士报的发行量已达三万多份，竟然超过了伦敦其他大报发行量的总和。到十九世纪后期，随着英国一些新兴报纸的产生，泰晤士报就显得有些跟不上时代的步伐了，由于它长期墨守陈规，固步自封，导致发行量不断下降，直到1908年被当时英国最早的报业集团-北岩报团买下，才使它起死回生。北岩报团的掌门人

31、就是大名鼎鼎的哈姆斯沃思，这个人很有本事，现在英国很有名气的两种小报每日邮报和每日镜报就是由哈姆斯沃思创办的，后来被封为北岩勋爵。他任命道森为主编，全力革新，使泰晤士报重有起色，发行量由3万份上升到31万份，这是泰晤士报的第二次巅峰时期。但是好景不长，随着广播电视的问世，英国报业受到严重的冲击，泰晤士报也逃脱不了衰落的命运。到北岩勋爵去世以后，它的后代把泰晤士报卖给了阿斯特家族，阿斯特家族又因财政困难转卖给了国际报业大王汤姆森。汤Whether this is a Canadian, Britain in 50s battles, the founder of the Thomsen grou

32、p company, the company is the largest newspaper company in Britain after World War II, currently has more than 50 local newspapers, more than 50 magazines. Although the newspaper was run by such a large newspaper, it failed to save the times. Old Thomsen had to make up for the deficit of newspapers

33、spent 800 thousand pounds of property, after the death of the old Thomsen, his son Thomsen will eventually overwhelmed, the times to the price of 12 million pounds to the media magnate Murdoch. Murdoch called the media people, he do a tabloid from Australia started, gradually become a famous Austral

34、ian newspaper, which controls 2/3 of the Australian newspaper. In 1969 to enter the UK business, has bought the sun, world news, times and Sunday times and its affiliated three weekly and the Liverpool post and other more than 30 local newspapers, radio and television, composed of news group, has be

35、come the worlds largest controlled by the individual the media group, has more than $11 billion of personal property. He advocated strengthening ties with China and making great efforts to expand his business in China. His third wife was Chinese Qingdao girl Wendy Deng.After Murdoch took over the ti

36、mes, times began to pay attention to their business practices, in editorial policy, business strategy, personnel management and other aspects have made great adjustment, not only to suppress the newspaper decline, and to challenge competitors to market competition for readers.The times the adjustmen

37、t is in many aspects, in the editor to look for novel, the times between serious and readable balance, more use of color newspaper and large color photographs, the overall style of further softening, important articles are required in order to beat the text reader. In addition, the newspaper expande

38、d coverage, based on speech, keep the headlines of the traditional advantages of the exclusive news report, social news, sports, music and literature content also increased significantly, the purpose is to adapt to the changes of the reading habits of young readers, to attract more young readers.In

39、marketing, there are many patterns, such as using newspaper to reduce prices, strengthening newspaper brands and sponsoring public welfare activities. In 1996, for example, the newspaper sponsored an exhibition entitled Chinas mysteries at British Museum in london. In 1999, the newspaper also sponso

40、red the exhibition of cultural relics and treasures in Shaanxi, china. In 1998, Murdoch also donated $1 million to Chinas flood hit areas through News Corp.In personnel management innovation, the young and the trend of internationalization of personnel management, started to recruit non British editors and reporters, such as the current resident Chinese reporter Guo Gannong graduated from