情态动词与虚拟语气

1、湖北黄冈中学 孙锋 高考二轮复习专题 虚拟语气 【2007】40. It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he （可能参与） in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones.（hand） may (might/could) have had a hand 【2008】35. I feel so sick. I wish Mum _（没有逼我）to eat so much.（force）hadnt f

2、orced me 【2008】39. He looks sleepy. He must _（熬夜了）last night, writing the essay.（stay）have stayed up 【2010】79. Its said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they _（不可能做到）because the ocean in between is too wide.(do)cant/couldnt have done it/so/that/this 【2011】75.If_ (我没有喝) alcoh

3、ol last night. I could have driven my car home. (drink)I had not / hadnt drunk 【2012】75. Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule, we _ the train. (miss) 要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。 would not have missed,虚拟语气用来表示说话人的话只是一种主观愿望和假设、猜想、建议、可能或空想等。 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中. 与现在事实相反的假设 与过去事实相反的假设 从句 If+主语+动词的过去式（b

4、e动词用were） If+主语+had+过去分词 主句 主语+should/would /could/ might/+动词原形 主语+should / would / could / might + have + 过去分词 例句If I had time, I would come to see you. If I were you, I would study harder. If you had followed my advice, you would not have failed in the exams. 与将来事实相反的假设 从句：If+主语+动词过去式/ If+主语+were

5、to +动词原形/ If+主语+should+动词原形 主句：主语+should / would / could / might +动词原形 例句：If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday,注意一下几点： 1. 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称

6、为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应的调整。 如：If you had taken the doctors advice, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 2. If省略句。 在条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。 Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus. Were I you, I would do it

7、in a different way. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 3. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词（短语）有with, without, but for。 What would you do with one million dollars? (if you had one million dollars) Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. (if we hadnt got your help) But f

8、or your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. (if it had not been for your help) (Had it not been for your help,4. 含蓄条件句。 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。 如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. He telephoned to inform me of your

9、birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. I might have given you more help, but I was too busy,虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用。 1. 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。动词形式是“（should）+动词原形”，常用于以下句型： 句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. 句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc. ) that. 句型三：It is

10、suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc. ) that. 如：It was natural that she (should) think so. It is a great pity that he should be so careless. It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight. 2. 用在在宾语从句中。 用于suggest, propose, advise, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command

11、等动词之后的宾语从句中，表示间接的命令和建议。动词形式是“（should）+动词原形”。 如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The doctor ordered that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay,用于wish后的宾语从句中表示未实现的或不可能实现的愿望。 主句谓语 从句谓语 时态 谓语动词形式 现在时 动词的过去式 Wish （与主句谓语同时发生） （be用 were 或was） 过去时 had+过去分词 （在主句谓语之前发生）（在主句谓语之后发生

12、） 将来时 should/would +动词原形 如：I wish I were ten years younger. I wish I had gone to the football match last night. He wishes the boys would be quiet,在suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持认为”之意时，suggest/insist 后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气而使用陈述语气。 如：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. The man

13、insisted that he had never stolen the money. 在would rather后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气，其后谓语动词用过去式/过去完成式（从句动作先发生）。 如：I would rather they didnt hear of the news. 3. 用在表语从句中 表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等。主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea等。动词形式是“(should)+动词原形”。 如：His suggestion is that we (should) hold anoth

14、er meeting to discuss the question. What I advice (My advice) is that he keep regular hours. 由as if引导的从句作表语从句，也可以用虚拟语气。 如：She felt as if she were going to die. 4. 用在同位语从句中，动词形式是“（should）+动词原形”。 如：They received orders that the work be done at once,5. 用在状语从句中 用于as if, as though 引导的状语从句中，表示虚拟比较或方式。动词形式

15、与wish后面的宾语从句谓语动词相同。 如：She looked after the orphan as if he were her own child. The man looked very worried, as if something would happen to him. 用于让步状语从句中，表示虚拟让步。由even if 引导的让步状语从句，其虚拟语气构成形式与if虚拟条件句相同。 如：Even if I were there, I shouldnt be able to solve the problem by myself. 由though, whatever等连词引导的让步状语从句，其虚拟语气构成常用“（may）+动词原形”。句子的主句所用动词的时态不限。 如：Though he (may ) criticize me, I will not be hurt. 用于that, so that, in order that 引导的目的状语从句中。动词形式是“may (might, can, could)+动词原形”。 如：Turn on the light so that we can see what it is. 如果目的状语从句是否定式，常用should。 如：We t