初中英语语法之——定语从句PPT课件

1、1,定语从句,Attributive clause,2,一. 定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或 代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式 短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中 常用的表示。 主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词， 分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任， 也可以由一个句子来担任。 作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。 短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作 后置定语,3,1. 概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子. 一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,Attributive clause,Mary is a beautiful girl

2、,Mary is a girl who has long hair,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句,二. 定语从句,4,1. The man is a farmer,2. The man is speaking at the meeting,合并句子,The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farmer,5,Mary is a girl,Mary has long hair,合并为一个句子,Mary is a girl who has long hair,6,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Mary is a girl who

3、has long hair,that, which, who, whom, whose,where, when，why,2. 结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子,3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。通常位于定 语从句之前。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系代词,关系副词,作用,A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分,7,关系词通常有下列三个作用： A、_； B、_； C、_。 Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfather isapoliceman,定语从句,先行词,关系词,who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman

4、，在定语从句中作主语,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在定语从句中担当一个成分,8,三、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who指人，在从句中做主语 1)The boys _are playing soccer are from Class 1. 2)Yesterday I helped an old man _lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，在口语和 非正式语体中常用who代替，常可省略。 Mr. Liu is the person _you talked about. 2) The man _you met just now is my friend,whom/

5、who,who/whom,who,who,9,3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语， 做宾语时可省略 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom； 指物时，相当于which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 1) The people _come to visit the city are all here. (做主语) 2) Where is the man _I saw

6、this morning? (做宾语,做主语,做宾语,that/who,that/whom/who,10,小结： that:既可指人,也可指物. 作主语, 不能省略； 作宾语, 可以省略。 which:指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略. who 指人，作主语，不能省略； 作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom,11,注: 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句 的谓语动词形式由先行词定. 1)Im reading a book that/which _about Bill Gates. 2) He is a teacher who/ that_ us Chinese. 3)The boys

7、 who _playing soccer are from Class 1,5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend _father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house_ roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里,is,teaches,are,whose,whose,12,四. 修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分 (一)不用that的情况 1. 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 1)The tree, that is four hundred years

8、 old, is very famous here. (_) 2)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (_) 2. 介词后不能用。 1) We depend on the land from _we get our food. 2) We depend on the land _we get our food from,错,对,which,that/which,13,二) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing (somethin

9、g外),all,none,few,little,some 等不定 代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some, no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如：1)Haveyoutakendowneverything_Mr.Lisaid? 李老师讲的你都记下来吗？2) All_canbedonehasbeendone. 所有能做的都做好了。3) Thereislittle_Icandoforyou. 我不能为你干什么,that,that,that,14,注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代who，如：1) Anyman_hasasenseofdutywont do suc

10、hathing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。2)Alltheguests_wereinvitedtoher weddingwereimportantpeople. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物,that/who,that/who,15,2当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：Thefirstplace_theyvisitedinLondonwas theBigBen. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：Thisisthebestfilm_Ihaveeverseen. 这是我看过的最好的电影,that,that,16,4当先行词被thevery,t

11、heonly , the last修饰时。1)Thisistheverydictionary_Iwanttobuy. 这正是我要买的词典。2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonly thing_heowns.家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschool_willattendthemeeting.王华是我校唯一出席会议的人,that,that,who,17,5当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：1)Whoistheman_

12、isstandingbythegate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？2)WhichistheT-shirt_fitsmemost? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？ 6当先行词为人与物时。如： 1)Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings _theyrememberedatschool 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。2)Lookatthemanandhisdonkey_are walkingupthestreet. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴,that,that,that,that,18,Exercise,1. I have a friend _ likes lis

13、tening to classical music,who/that,3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player,2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her,which/that,whose,19,4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old,5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother,which/that,whom,6. Kevi

14、n is reading a book _ is too difficult for him,which/that,20,7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town,8.All _ we can do is to study hard,9. The first one _ stands up is a little boy,that,that,that,21,句子翻译,1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生,This is the doctor who saved the boys life,2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔,The man wh

15、o is running is my uncle,22,3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐,I like the music that I can sing along with,4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师,The woman who lives next door is a teacher,23,Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空,The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister. I hate people _ talk much

16、but do little. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful,who / that,which/ that,who / that,which / that,24,5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather. 6. Is there a student _ father is a business man? 7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years. 8.Ive never heard of the peo

17、ple and things _ you talked about just now,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that,25,Exercise 2,My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember. Say all _ you know. Is there anything _ I can do for you,that,that,that,当先行词是something, anything, nothi

18、ng, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that,26,4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here. 5. This is the best novel _ I have read,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that,6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree? 7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday,当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，或中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用t

19、hat,that,that,27,where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来 表示地点的定语从句。 1) Shanghai is the city _I was born. = Shanghai is the city _was born in. 2) The house _I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. The house_ I lived in ten years ago has been pulled down,五、关系副词引导定语从句 关系副词：where, when, why在句中作状语,where,which,where,w

20、hich,28,2. when引导定语从句表示时间,在定语从句中做时间状语 也可做连接词用 . I still remember the day _I first came to the school. 2) The time _we got together finally came. 3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason _you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason _he looks unhappy today,when,when,why,why,29,六. 关系副词w

21、hen, where和 关系代词that, which的区分 同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when， 有时使用that/which。 这主要看两点： 一是定语从句是否完整； 二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子,30,1)This is the park_ we visited last year. 2)This is the park _we held a birthday party. 3)She wont forget the days _she spent on the island. 4)Sh

22、e wont forget the days_ they stayed together. 5)Thats the date _we went to the college. 6)Thats the date _she wont forget for ever. 7)I like the time _we lived together. 8)I like the time _we had together,that,where,that,when,when,that,when,that,31,2. 关系副词when, where, why 和“介词+which” 之间的关系。 关系副词when

23、, where, why可以用“适当的介词+which”来替代。 如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后,32,1) The reason _he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year _he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3)This is the room _I lived.

24、 = This is the room _I lived in. (4)Tom still remembers the days _they lived in Tianjin,Why(,when (,where (,in which,in which,for which,which,when (,in which,33,注意： 1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副when ,where和why 互换,34,1) This is the house _I lived two years ago. =T

25、his is the house where I lived two years ago. 2) Do you remember the day you joined our club? =Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 3) This is the reason why he came late. =This is the reason _he came late,in which,on which,for which,35,Exercise,1.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was

26、 founded. which B. when C. that D. on that 2.Is that the reason _ you are for the plan. A. which B. what C. why D. for that 3. Is this the place _ you were born? A. which B.where C.what D.that,36,1. Is this the place _ you were born? A. which B.where C.what D.that 2. Is this the place _ some German

27、friends visited last year? A. which B.where C.what D. why,37,3.The house _ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now. A. which B.where C.what D.that 4.The house _ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now. A. that B.where C.what D. why,38,5.He told her the reason_ he is unhappy

28、, but she doesnt believe the reason _ he gives her. A. why; why B. why; which C. that; why D. which; why,39,一.Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns and adverbs. 1. This is the only book _ I got last year. 2. Is this the book in _ you are interested? 3. This is the largest animal _ Tom s

29、aw in the zoo. 4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exist (存在)in the mother school. 5. All the desks _ are bought look really wonderful,that,which,that,that,that,40,6. Do you have any money _is used to build the factory? 7. Tom has a toy, _ was given by his father. 8. This is the second watch _ my father bought for me. 9. Is this the room _ you cleaned last time? 10. Is this the room _ we lived before? 11. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night,that,which,that,that,which,where,where,41,12. This is the garden _ they visit