[高三语文]定语从句ppt课件

1、句子分类,简单句 并列句 复合句,1.主谓 2.主谓宾 3. 主系表 4.主谓双宾 5. 主谓宾宾补,状语从句 定语从句 名词性从句,and, but, or,定语从句,相关概念,定义 定语从句的分类 先行词 关系词 关系词的分类 关系词的作用 关系词的用法,一. 定义,The pen is blue. The pen is mine,在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子叫定从。被修饰的名词或代词叫_, 引导定从的词叫_,先行词,关系词,The pen which is blue is mine,二.定语从句的分类,He has two sons, who work in the same comp

2、any. He has two sons who work in the same company,补充说明,修饰限定,关系词分类,关系 代词 关系 副词,that, which, who, whom, whose, as,when, where, why,三,关系词的作用,1.引导定从 2.代替先行词3.定从中充当成分,This is the dictionary. I bought the dictionary. He knows the date. She was born on that date. This is the reason. I was late for this rea

3、son,This is the dictionary which I bought yesterday,He knows the date when she was born,This is the reason why I was late,四.关系代词的用法,注意：只有that 不能引导非限，which指句子时引导的是非限，指物时都可以；who/whom作宾语区别,1,四.关系代词的用法,2. 关代的省略情况：当先行词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，但两种情况除外： 在非限中作宾语 直接放在介词后作宾语,I like the man, who/whom I visited last year.

4、I like the man who/whom/that / we talked about yesterday. I like the man about whom we talked yesterday,3. 填关系代词的依据,1.判断是限定性定从还是非限 2.判断先行词是指人，指物还是句子 3.判断先行词在从句中充当的成分,A plane is a machine_ can fly. A bookstore is a store _ sells books. Wang Lin is the student _ I like very much. The girl _ you met ye

5、sterday is my sister. I know the person _ factory produces computers. He got married last month, _ surprised us,填入关系词并指出其在从句中所做的成分和所指代的内容,4.关系代词that 与which的用法(暗含先行词指物,在限定性定从中必须使用that的情况,You should hand in all_ you have,1)当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something/anything/everything/nothing, none, the on

6、e时,2) 当先行词前面有the only, the very(恰恰，正好), any little, few, no, all等词修饰时,This is the very bus that Im waiting for,3).当先行词是形容词最高级，序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级，序数词修饰时,This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen,4). 当先行词既有人又有物时,Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about,5).当主句的主语是疑问词wh

7、o或which 时,Which is the bike that you lost,6).有两个定从时，一个宜用which,另外一个宜用that,They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution,7).当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时，用that,Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be,当先行词指事/物时，定从中必须用which的情况,1)在非限中，只用which不用that,2)当动词短

8、语中的介词提前时，只用which,This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived,Is there anything _ you dont understand about the problem? The worst matter _ I am afraid of happened in the end. All the presents _ your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away. This is the very book _ I have been looking fo

9、r. He was late for the opening ceremony, _ was very surprising to me,5.关系代词who, whom和that 的用法,当先行词指人：在定从中作主语时，用who/that, 不可省略； 在定从中作宾语时，用whom/that/who,可以省略； 若直接放在介词后作宾语，只能用whom,并且不可省略。 若是非限，不能用that,6.whose 引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语 whose +n,of whom + the +n. the +n. of whom,of which + the +n. the n. + of

10、 which,That is the student _ drawings we were looking at just now. That is the student _ the drawings we were looking at just now. That is the student the drawings _ we were looking at just now,This is the house _ roof is being repaired. This is the house _ the roof is being repaired. This is the ho

11、use the roof _ is being repaired,The person _ I spoke to just now is my teacher. The pencil _ he was writing with broke,The person to _ I spoke just now is my teacher. The pencil with _ he was writing broke. I want to treat my boss to dinner under_ influence I become better,which whom whose + n,7.总结

12、：介词+关系代词,注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。 This is the pen which I am looking for,The TV _ which he spent his money is made in China. The man is our manager _ whom we are proud. The speed _ which the car is running is very high. The price _ which we buy the house is low. This is the ship

13、 _ which my father works. This is the ship _ which I went to Beijing,介词的选择,总结：根据从句中词组的搭配,总结：先行词和介词的搭配,总结：根据在从句中的意义,The old man has three sons, one _whom is a worker. A. of B. at C. with D. in I have read two stories, neither _which is interesting. A. in B. at C. with D. of,总结：部分与整体的关系,8. as 引导的定语从句,

14、1).限定性定从,We have found such materials _ are used in their factory. This is so good a house _ you introduced. I bought the same coat _ you are wearing. Human nature is not such_ I thought,区别：1. such/soas引导的定从 与such/sothat引导的状从,He is such a clever boy _ everyone likes. He is such a clever boy _ everyo

15、ne likes him,区别2.the same as和the same that,和是同一类,和是同一个,This is the same coat _ I lost. I bought the same coat _ you are wearing,that as,2)as 引导非限与 which 引导非限的区别,as 译成“正如”，多用于下列习惯用语中：as we all know/ as is known to all, as we had expected, as anybody can see, as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)， as is mention

16、ed before(正如上面所提到的)； which 则常译成“这,as 引导的非限可以放在句首,句中,句末 which 在引导非限时不可以放在句首,_ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What,区分： _ is known to all, he is good at giving speeches. _ is known to all that he is _ is known to all is that he is,As It

17、 What,五. 关系副词,when 时间状 表时间介词(in/ at)+ which where 地点状 表地点介词(in/at)+which why 原因状 for which,I remember the day _ I first came here. I remember the day _ we spent together. Can you tell me the office _ he works? Can you tell me the office _you visited yesterday? Do you know the reason _ he is absent?

18、Do you know the reason _ he explained last night,when/on which,that/which,where/in which,that/which,why/for,that/which,地点名词抽象化,如果先行词是situation, case(案例), scene(场景)，stage(阶段)，point(阶段,关头,瞬间, 时刻), activity 并且在从句中作状语时，用 where 引导定从,1.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose contro

19、l over the plane.(2001上海) A. whereB. whichC. whileD. why 2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used. A、where B、that C、of which D、which 3.Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. （2005广东）

20、 A. in which B. by whichC. which D. that,六. 定语从句中的特殊句式,Can you introduce the way? You worked it out in this way,Can you introduce the way in which you worked it out,that,1. 当先行词 the way 在从句中作状语时, 可以用in which/that/ 引导定从,The way _ he explained to us is simple,which/ that/,2.He is one of the boys who _

21、 (like) playing football. He is the only one of the boys who _ (like) playing football. He is not the only one of the boys who _ (like) playing football,like,likes,like,3. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union. dur

22、ing which time for which time during whose time by that time,A,4. This is the second time _ the President has visited the country. I could hardly remember how many times _ I have failed. There was a time _ there was no radios, no TVs or telephones,that,that,when,先行词是time时，若time 作“次数”讲，用that 引导定从，可省略

23、；作“一段时间，时代”讲，用when引导定从,定语从句与其它复合句的区别,1. 与并列句 1）Mr Li has three daughters, none of _ is an engineer. 2）Mr Li has three daughters, but none of _ is a dancer. 3）Mr Li has three daughters; _ are doctors The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.（2005全国三） A. it B.

24、she C. which D. he,whom,them,they,2. 与地点状语从句,Youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. Youd better make a mark at the place _ you have any questions,where,where,3.与强调句式,1. It is on the morning of May 1st_I met John at the airport. It is the morning of May 1st_I met John at the airport. 2.(07

25、山东30)Where did you get to know her? It was on the farmwe worked. A. thatB. thereC. whichD. where,that,when,1) Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 2) (06湖南) We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one

26、 of them came up to us, _we gave some bells and glasses. to which B to whom C. with whom D. with which 3)(06 重庆) I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was ,she had run back in the direction _she had come. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which,4) (07重庆卷) Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _they can be controlled on purpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which 5) He returned to China in 1