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编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目： 轮心堆焊机总体方案及减速器设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0923112 学生姓名： 葛俊青 指导教师： 高汉华 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 轮心堆焊机总体方案及减速器设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号： 0923112 学生姓名： 葛俊青 指导教师： 高汉华（职称：副教授） （职称： ）2012年11月20日课题来源来源于生活实际。科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）（1）课题科学意义环面蜗轮蜗杆减速器设计属于机械设计，设计主要针对执行机构的运动展开。为了达到求的运动精度和生产率 ，必须要求系统具有一定的传动精度并且各传动元件之间满足一定的关系，以实现个零件的协调动作。 此外，通过环面蜗轮蜗杆减速器设计的训练，可以进一步提高我对机械设计(包括设计计算、工程制图等方面)的能力，使我在设计过程中培养严谨的工作作风和独立工作的能力，同时也加深了我识图、制图、运算和编写技术文件等的基本技能。（2）减速器的研究状况及其发展前景国内的现状减速机在我国的发展已有近40年的历史，广泛应用于国民经济及国防工业的各个领域。主要行业有：电力机械、冶金机械、环保机械、电子电器、筑路机械、化工机械、食品机械、轻工机械、矿山机械、输送机械、建筑机械、建材机械、水泥机械、橡胶机械、水利机械、石油机械等，这些行业使用减速机产品的数量已占全国各行业使用减速机总数的60%70%。减速器在原动机和工作机之间起匹配转速和传递转矩的作用，在现代机械中应用极为广泛。减速器具有的普遍优势是：高水平、高性能、积木式组合设计、形式多样化、变型设计多等特点。国内的发展概况国内的减速器多以齿轮传动、蜗杆传动为主，但普遍存在着功率与重量比小，或者传动比大而机械效率过低的问题。另外，材料品质和工艺水平上还有许多弱点。由于在传动的理论上、工艺水平和材料品质方面没有突破，因此，没能从根本上解决传递功率大、传动比大、体积小、重量轻、机械效率高等这些基本要求。研究内容参考指定文献资料，了解减速器的发展现状及设计方法。根据给定参数，设计一台蜗轮蜗杆减速器，包括传动方案选择、绘制装配图与零件图。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析研究方法：该设计内容包括传动件的设计，执行件的设计以及设备零件等的设计。首先，掌握环面蜗轮蜗杆的结构设计、工作原理、进行现场调研、收集资料、拟定、分析传动装置的设计方案。其次，根据给定参数选择电机，计算传动装置各部主要几何尺寸。 最后确定传动件和箱体轴承座的结构，和完成蜗杆轴系部件、箱体结构以及传动件蜗轮结构的设计，以及蜗轮、蜗杆零件图的设计。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书2012年12月3日-2013年1月20日进入工厂实习，了解企业生产流程2013年2月11日-2月16日查找一篇关于轮心堆焊机总体方案及减速器的学术性英文资料2013年2月18日-4月20日绘制减速器装配图和零件图2013年4月22日-4月27日根据所下载的资料，构思并开始写说明书2013年4月29日-5月3日将整篇文章的脉络、细节加以完善，用词准确，不出现病句等。2013年5月6日-5月10说明书按照模板进行修改2013年5月13日-5月18日打印说明书和图纸及相关资料2013年5月20日-5月25日整理资料，并熟读资料，做好充分准备预期成果：本课题的主要研究目标是，通过设计堆焊机减速器，达到最终可以让堆焊机减速器按工作要求来运动，从而实现作业。特色或创新之处广泛应用在速度与扭矩的转换设备。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题 本课题的重点：传动装置各部主要几何尺寸，并进行轴、轴承、联轴器、键的设计及校核。 本课题的难点：主要加工零件的工艺方案，总装配图及主要零件图。前期已开展工作：由于设计资料少，现场实践经验不够。我会查取各种相关资料，并充分利用网络获得有用的设计信息。毕业设计由于本人缺乏经验，中间会存在许多设计不合理的地方。针对此点我会主动和指导老师联系，争取优质优良的完成。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文Wheel gears spreading to move is a the most wide kind of the application spreads to move a form in the modern machine. Its main advantage BE:The. spreads to move to settle, work than in a moment steady, spread to move accurate credibility, can deliver space arbitrarily sport and the motive of the of two stalks；Power and speed scope applies are wide； spreads to move an efficiency high, =8； work is dependable, service life long； Outline size outside the is small, structure tightly packed.The wheel gear constituted to； from wheel gear, stalk, bearings and box body decelerates a machine, useding for prime mover and work machine or performance organization of, have already matched to turn soon and deliver a function of turning , the application is extremely extensive in the modern machine. Local deceleration machine much with the wheel gear spread to move, the pole spread to move for lord, but widespread exist power and weight ratio small, or spread to move ratio big but the machine efficiency lead a low problem.There are also many weaknesses on material quality and craft level moreover, the especially large deceleration machines problem is more outstanding, the service life isnt long.The deceleration machine of abroad, with Germany, Denmark and Japan be placed in to lead a position, occupying advantage in the material and the manufacturing craft specially, decelerating the machine work credibility like, service life long.But it spreads to move a form to still take settling stalk wheel gear to spread to move as lord, physical volume and weight problem, dont also resolve likeThe direction which decelerates a machine to is the facing big power and spread to move ratio, small physical volume, high machine efficiency and service life to grow greatly nowadays develops.Decelerating the connecting of machine and electric motor body structure is also the form which expands strongly, and have already produced various structure forms and various products of power model numbers.Be close to ten several in the last yearses, control a technical development because of the modern calculator technique and the number, make the machine process accuracy, process an efficiency to raise consumedly, pushed a machine to spread the diversification of movable property article thus, the mold piece of the whole machine kit turns, standardizing, and shape design the art turn, making product more fine, the beauty turns.Become a set a machine material in 21 centuries medium, the wheel gear is still a machine to spread a dynamic basic parts.CNC tool machine and the craft technical development, pushed a machine to spread to move structure to fly to develop soon.Be spreading to move the electronics control, liquid in the system design to press to spread to move, wheel gear, take the mixture of chain to spread to move, will become become soon a box to design in excellent turn to spread to move a combination of direction.The academics that is in spread move the design crosses, will become new spread a movable property article the important trend of the development.Essential character：Reduction gear、 Bearing 、gear 、mechanical driveSummaryThis time graduate the design to have the contents a to design concerning the machine that decelerate the complets system.Decelerating the machine is a kind of from close to move in the rigid wheel gear in the hull is an independent complete organization .Pass thisa design can then the first step controls general simple a set of complete designs step and methods of the machine.This time graduate the design to introduce the type function of the deceleration machine and constitute the etc. primarily , made use of all.directionsly learned the knowledge .Such as:Machine graphics ,the metals material craft learns the theories knowledge that business trip etc.already learn. In actual production can analysis definitely reach agreement .The general type that decelerate the machine has:The cylinder wheel gear decelerates the machine ,cone wheel gear decelerates the machine ,wheel gear.cochlea pole decelerates the machine ,stalk park type decelerates machine ,assembles type decelerate machine ,couplet type decelerate machine ,couplet type decelerate machine .Further educated in this time design independent ability that engineering design, set up the right design thought controls the in common use machine spare parts ,the machine spread to move the device with the simple machine design of method with step ,the consideration that request synthesize usage the request of economic craft etc . make sure the reasonable design project .Key phrase: reducer rigidity technolic components/zeroporatPrecent/projectPlanetary gear reducer gear reducer than the normal small size, light weight, high efficiency and transmission power range, etc, widely applied gradually. At the same time its drawbacks are: material quality, complex, high precision manufacturing, more difficult to install, design complex calculations than the average speed reducer. but on the planet as people drive technology further in-depth understanding and knowledge as well as the introduction of foreign planetary transmission and absorption of technology to drive the structure and contain its way are constantly improving, and continuously improve the level of production technology, can produce a better planetary gear reducer.According to a general load of gear strength, geometric dimensions of the design calculation, and then to carry out transmission ratio conditions, concentric condition, the assembly conditions, design and calculation of the adjacent conditions, thanks to the number of planetary gear transmission, also must be contained institutions and the design of floating volume calculation.Planetary gear drive according to the composition of basic enough pieces can be divided into: 2KH, 3K, and KHV are three. If the meshing of gears by the way, can be divided into: NGW-type, NN-based, WW-type, WGW type, NGWN type and N-type and so on. I designed planetary gear is 2KH NGW planetary transmission type. What is the ball screw?So that the movement of objects, generally speaking, the movement will need to generate power, directly or indirectly through other organizations to convey to the Department of the final movement. Case of the automobile, gasoline engine, due to the combustion piston to move up and down, and through intermediaries ultimately delivered to the wheels to make it happen rotary motion.Todays world, able to represent the mechanical and plant a variety of sports organizations, we can say without exception, have some form of motor conduction institutions. Ball screw is rotary motion into linear motion, or linear motion into rotary motion of the most reasonable product. ball screw specialties1, compared with the sliding torque of ball screw 1 / 3As the ball screw of the screw shaft and the wire between the mother doing a lot of ball rolling motion, so the movement can get higher efficiency. And compared to the last slide ball screw drive torque to 1 / 3 of the following, that is required to achieve the same results of dynamic movement to use the scroll ball screw 1 / 3. Was helpful in saving.2, high precision to ensureBall screw is made in Japan De mechanical device worlds highest level of coherence produced, especially in research and cutting, assembly, Jian Chage processes of the factory environment, the temperature humidity proce a strictly controlled quality management Youyuwanshan system so that accuracy can be fully guaranteed.3, micro-feed mayAs the ball screw is the use of ball movement, so a very small starting torque, does not appear as a creeping phenomenon of sliding movement can ensure accurate micro-feed.4, no backlash, high rigidityBall screw can be added to the pressure, the pressure due to the axial clearance can reach negative values, and then get a higher rigidity (within the ball screw ball through to add to the pressure in actual use mechanical devices, because of ball The repulsion can increase the rigidity of the Department of silk mother).5, high-speed feed mayBall screw, sport, high efficiency, small heat, so can achieve high-speed feed (Sports). First:what is reducer Reducer is a dynamic communication agencies, the use of gear speed converters, motor rotational speed reducer to the Rotary to be few, and have greater torque institutions. The reducer role 1) velocity at the same time increase the output torque, torque output ratio by motor output by slowdown, but the attention should be paid to exceed the rated torque reducer. 2) the speed at the same time reduce the inertia load, the inertia of deceleration than reduced to the square. We can look at the General Motors has a value of inertia. The type of reducer General helical gear reducer has reducer (including parallel shaft helical gear reducer, a worm reducer, bevel gear reducer, etc.), planetary gear reducer, Cycloid reducer, a worm reducer, a planetary friction CVT mechanical machines. Common reducer 1) worm reducer is the main characteristics of a reverse self-locking function, can be larger than a slowdown, input shaft and output shaft axis is not the same, nor in the same plane. But generally larger, transmission efficiency is not high, the accuracy is not high. 2) Harmonic Harmonic Drive reducer is controllable using flexible components to transfer elastic deformation and dynamic movement, not volume, high precision, but the disadvantage is that flexible wheel limited life, impatient shocks, rigidity and pieces of metal relatively poor. Not too high speed input. 3) planetary reducer its comparative advantage is compact structure, the return gap small, high precision, and have a long life span rated output torque can be done great. However, a price slightly expensive, the requirements of parts before assembly 1. Rolling cleaning with gasoline, kerosene other parts cleaning. All parts and Xiangbenna not allowed to have any impurities exist. Gear box and the inner wall (Worm), unprocessed surface has not been coated twice erosion-resistant oil paint, box has the outer surface coated primer and paint color (color requested by host). 2. Parts coated with a face wash after lubricants Second, the requirements of installation and adjustment 1. Rolling installation Rolling bearing inner ring should be installed at the shaft shoulder close to gap must not pass 0.05 mm thick Cypriot feet. 2. Bearing axial clearance of the clearance can not be adjusted bearings (such as deep groove ball bearings), axial clearance of 0.25 to 0.4 mm; the clearance adjustable bearing axial clearance numerical table. Click Tapered Roller Bearings axial clearance; angular contact ball bearing axial clearance 3. Gear (Worm) meshing tooth space available Cypriot side foot of lead or pressure. Will be lead wire on the alveolar, and then turning gear and squash lead wire, measuring two teeth side was crushed lead wire thickness and the size of which is adjacent teeth. 4. Tooth contact dot cylinder gear tooth contact Dot 2-10-4; bevel gear tooth contact Dot 2-11-4; Gearing contact Dot 2-12-4 Third, seal requirements 1. Box partition between the surface does not allow any pads filled, but can be coated or water glass sealant to ensure that the seal; 2. Assembly, the bolt tightening box, before using 0.05 mm Cypriot-foot inspection Covers Block with me and between the sealing surface; 3. Shaft seal should stretch to smear grease. The seal should be installed in strict accordance with the requirements Forth, lubrication requirements 1. Rationally determine the types of lubricants and greases and grades 2. Bearing lubrication fat, grease filled in the general Fatliquor space can be 1 / 2 to 2 / 3. 3. Lubricants should be regularly replaced, the new reducer used for the first time, the operation of oil-7 14 days, according to the situation can be after every 3 to 6 months for first oil. Fifth, the test requirements 1. Empty operation: at rated speed is, anti-running 1 to 2 hours; 2. Load test: at rated speed, rated load operation, the oil temperature balance to date. On the gear reducer, requested the pool temperature is not more than 35 oC, bearing temperature rise no more than 40 oC; the worm reducer, requested the pool temperature not more than 60 oC, bearing temperature of not more than 50 oC; 3. Entire testing process for the smooth operation, noise, not loosening the fixed link, sealed, not with the Sixth, packaging and transportation requirements 1. Protruding shaft and its annex should Oiler packaging; 2. Handling, lifting may not use screw rings and lug all of the above technical requirements are not necessarily listed, and sometimes also by other projects, mainly by the specific design requirements. Seventh. Technical requirements 1. Assembly, all parts cleaning with kerosene, gasoline Rolling cleansing, while the existence of any debris. Oil is not painted wall corrosion coatings twice; 2. Backlash with lead wire mesh test of not less than 0.16 mm, lead wire Backlash may not exceed the smallest of the four times; 3. Used Tu-color dot test. Tooth high point of contact by not less than 40% of contact spots on teeth not less than 50 per cent. Can be used when necessary, grinding or scraping after grinding to improve contacts; 4. Bearing axial clearance should be adjusted: 40 0.05 - 0.1 mm, 55 0.08 - 0.15 mm; 5. Test reducer subdivision surface, the contact surface and seal, oil spills are not allowed. Split-Tu allowed to paint or water glass seal and allow the use of any filler; 6. Engine lubricants to the contents N100 provisions height;Below I introduce our country reduction gear the development present situation First, the domestic reduction gear many by the gear drive, the worm drive primarily, but has the power and the load ratio generally is small, or velocity ratio great and mechanical efficiency excessively low question.Moreover, in the material quality and the technological level also has many weakness, the large-scale reduction gear question is specially more prominent, the service life is not long.The domestic use large-scale reduction gear (above 500kw), many from overseas (for example Denmark, Germany and so on) imports The 60s start few tooth reduction gears and so on difference transmission, cycloid pin gear transmission, overtone transmission which produces has the velocity ratio to be big, volume small, mechanical efficiency higher merit? .But its transmission theory limit, cannot transmit the oversized power, the power all must be smaller than generally 40kw. Because in the transmission theoretically, the technological level and the material quality aspect has not broken through, therefore, has not been able fundamentally to solve the transmission power in a big way, the velocity ratio big, the volume small, the weight light, mechanical efficiency higher these requests basically.The 90s initial period, the home appears three links (gear) the reduction gear, is one kind of outside stable motion gear drive reduction gear, it may realize the great velocity ratio, transmission load ability is also big. Its volume and the weight are all lighter than the dead axle speed reducer gear, the structure is simple, the efficiency is also high.Because this reduction gear three axle parallel structure, therefore caused the power/volume (or weight) the ratio is still small.Also its input axis and the output shaft on the identical spool thread, this do not have in the use many inconveniently. Not only Beijing Institute of Technology develops in successful stable motion speed reducer gear to have outside three link reduction gear merit, but also has the big power/weight (or volume) the ratio, as well as the input axis and the output shaft on identical spool thread merit, is at the domestic leading position.The home has the minority college and the factory and mining enterprise does the research work to in stable motion gear drive certain principles, has published some research paper, in has done some work using the cycloidal tooth crop rotation stable motion reduction gear.Second, the stable motion speed reducer gear principle of work synopsis, the stable motion speed reducer gear is refers to in a counter gear transmission, a gear in the stable motion generator actuation mean plane parallel motion, meshing through tooth profile between, actuates another tooth crop rotation dead axle to decelerate the rotation, the realization reduction gear function.The stable motion generator may use the parallelogram organization, either sine organization or cross slide organization.This achievement uses the parallelogram organization to take the stable motion generator. The stable motion generator may be the hypothesized use parallelogram organization, also may be the entity use parallelogram organization.Has the practical value stable motion gear mechanism for in counter gear organization, therefore may divide into the internal tooth crop rotation stable motion movement and the external tooth crop rotation stable motion movement two kind of situations.Outside the stable motion gear reduction organization, its internal tooth crop rotation stable motion movement, actuates the external gear and makes the deceleration rotation output.This organization also calls three links (gear) the reduction gear. As a result of the internal tooth crop rotation stable motion, two crank centers establish outside the annular gear tooth ring, therefore its size is not compact, cannot solve the volume major problem.? In stable motion gear reduction, its external tooth crop rotation stable motion movement, actuation internal tooth crop rotation deceleration rotation output.As a result of the external tooth crop rotation stable motion, two crank centers can establish in the external gear tooth ring, reduced the organization overall size greatly. Because in stable motion gear mechanism transmission efficiency high, volume small, input output coaxial line, therefore by widespread application prospect.Third, this project technical characteristic and key technologies? 1. this project technical characteristics, in this new stable motion speed reducer gear and domestic and foreign had the speed reducer gear compares, has the following characteristic: (1) velocity ratio scope is big, gets up from I=10, may reach most greatly several thousand.If manufactures the great velocity ratio the reduction gear, then demonstrates this reduction gear the merit.(2) transmission power scope is big: And may connect a body manufacture with the electric motor. (3) structure simple, the volume small, the weight is light.Reduces about 1/3 compared to the existing speed reducer gear.(4) mechanical efficiency is high.95 (5) this reduction gear input axis and the output shaft are on the identical spool thread.This reduction gear see Table 1 with other reduction gear performance comparison. Because lacks the data, various reduction gears power/load ratio which in the table arranges in order is most superior.? Table 1? Each kind of reduction gear comparison model power (kw) reduction gear ratio quality (kg) QI-450? 93 31.5 1820 ZSY-250? 95 31.5 540 NGW-92 88.1 31.5 577 SEW (Germany)? 90 28.61 1300 NP-100? 100 30 400 Note: NP-100 is in the stable motion speed reducer gear, the SEW reduction gear quality contains the electrical machinery.2. this project key technologies? May know by Figure 2, in “stable motion speed reducer gear is by annular gear Z2, external gear Z1 and the parallelogram organization combination becomes.Its transmission principle is: The electrical machinery input rotary motion, the external tooth crop rotation parallel migration, its center of circle path is a circle, makes the dead axle rotation with it meshing annular gear. Because external tooth crop rotation parallel migration, therefore name stable motion gear mechanism.The gear parallel migration needs to have the auxiliary body help realization, may use (612) to sell the axis, the roller takes the hypothesized auxiliary stable motion organization, also may use the eccentric shaft to take the entity auxiliary stable motion organization.In the stable motion speed reducer gear key technologies and the essential craft are the composition parallelogram component size computation and the request processing precision, the gear teeth main parameter choice. These factors will all affect the transmission ability and the transmission quality.Overall speaking, the group cost reduction gear various spare parts all request to have the high precision, they will be deciding the reduction gear overall transmis3. this project survey this project has obtained the Chinese practical new patent, the patent number: ZL95227767.0? .? This project trial produced the first prototype from 1995 (power 2.5kW, after velocity ratio I=32), with some factory and mine cooperation, has one after another designed following several kind of different powers, the different velocity ratio reduction gear.(1) electrically operated on rollers gate uses the reduction gear, power 550W, velocity ratio I=26, is united as one body with the electrical machinery.sion quality. (2) mixer uses the reduction gear, power 370W, velocity ratio I=17.(3) some military goods use two kind of reduction gears, one kind of power 370W, velocity ratio I=23.5; Another kind of power 370W, velocity ratio I=103 two level of transmission reduction gear.(4) steel mill large package rotary abutment reduction gear, power 7.5kw, velocity ratio I=64.(5) steel mill table reduction gear, power 7.5kw, transmission I=11. In this patent foundation, has developed one kind of new ultra-large reduction gear, the power may reach 1000kw, at present is developing subminiature (outlook size for a millimeter level) miniature reduction gear. Graduation design task First, a design Monorail Driver Design reducer Second, the design of the original data 1 Monorail drive reducer Power Rating: 7.5 KW; 2 Monorail reducer drive the total transmission ratio: 15 around; 3 Monorail reducer drive car driven by the side of the output shaft from the race distance of not more than 200 mm; 4 Monorail reducer drive the total length of less than 420 mm, the width is not more than 450 mm and the total height of not more than 690 mm; Third, the equipment and the working environment This can be used to mine underground, open-air, dust, humidity, air quality, bad comparison bad work environment, and the operational requirements of a safe space. Fourth, the design requirements To meet the application requirements under the premise that the minimum cost of manufacturing. From the following aspects considered; (L) to streamline the shape of each parts, machinery simple structure; (2) merge the functions of spare parts, reducing the types or quantities of spare parts; (3) Application of the new structure, new technology, new materials, product reliability; (4) decomposition components, its assembly, the assembly of the most simple structure; (5) similar to parts of the division; (6) standards for similar products by product serial number sequence analysis; (7) The realization of the common parts of the product and standardization. (8) assembly equipment design a map (0), the Six Parts (3), the design specification of a (not less than 30,000 words), and the design of technical and economic analysis中文译文摘要齿轮传动是现代机械中应用最广的一种传动形式.它的主要优点是： 瞬时传动比恒定、工作平稳、传动准确可靠，可传递空间任意两轴之间的运动和动力； 适用的功率和速度范围广； 传动效率高，=8； 工作可靠、使用寿命长； 外轮廓尺寸小、结构紧凑.由齿轮、轴、轴承及箱体组成的齿轮减速器,用于原动机和工作机或执行机构之间,起匹配转速和传递转矩的作用,在现代机械中应用极为广泛.国内的减速器多以齿轮传动、蜗杆传动为主，但普遍存在着功率与重量比小，或者传动比大而机械效率过低的问题.另外，材料品质和工艺水平上还有许多弱点，特别是大型的减速器问题更突出，使用寿命不长.国外的减速器，以德国、丹麦和日本处于领先地位，特别在材料和制造工艺方面占据优势，减速器工作可靠性好，使用寿命长.但其传动形式仍以定轴齿轮传动为主，体积和重量问题，也未解决好.当今的减速器是向着大功率、大传动比、小体积、高机械效率以及使用寿命长的方向发展.减速器与电动机的连体结构，也是大力开拓的形式，并已生产多种结构形式和多种功率型号的产品.近十几年来,由于近代计算机技术与数控技术的发展，使得机械加工精度，加工效率大大提高，从而推动了机械传动产品的多样化，整机配套的模块化，标准化，以及造型设计艺术化，使产品更加精致，美观化.在21世纪成套机械装备中,齿轮仍然是机械传动的基本部件.CNC机床和工艺技术的发展,推动了机械传动结构的飞速发展.在传动系统设计中的电子控制、液压传动、齿轮、带链的混合传动,将成为变速箱设计中优化传动组合的方向.在传动设计中的学科交叉,将成为新型传动产品发展的重要趋势.关键字：减速器 轴承 齿轮 机械传动摘要这次毕业设计是由封闭在刚性壳内所有内容的齿轮传动是一独立完整的机构.通过这一次设计可以初步掌握一般简单机械的一套完整的设计及方法，构成减速器的通用零部件.这次毕业设计主要介绍了减速器的类型作用及构成等，全方位的运用所学过知识.如：机械制图，金属材料工艺学公差等以学过的理论知识.在实际生产中得以分析和解决.减速器的一般类型有：圆柱齿轮减速器、圆锥齿轮减速器、齿轮.蜗杆减速器、轴装式减速器、组装式减速器、轴装式减速器、联体式减速器.在这次设计中进一步培养了工程设计的独立能力，树立正确的设计思想掌握常用的机械零件，机械传动装置和简单机械设计的方法和步骤，要求综合的考虑使用经济工艺等方面的要求.确定合理的设计方案.关键词：减速器 刚性 工艺学 零部件 方案行星轮系减速器较普通齿轮减速器具有体积小、重量轻、效率高及传递功率范围大等优点，逐渐获得广泛应用.同时它的缺点是：材料优质、结构复杂、制造精度要求较高、安装较困难些、设计计算也较一般减速器复杂.但随着人们对行星传动技术进一步的深入地了解和掌握以及对国外行星传动技术的引进和消化吸收，从而使其传动结构和均载方式都不断完善，同时生产工艺水平也不断提高，完全可以制造出较好的行星齿轮传动减速器.根据负载情况进行一般的齿轮强度、几何尺寸的设计计算，然后要进行传动比条件、同心条件、装配条件、相邻条件的设计计算，由于采用的是多个行星轮传动，还必须进行均载机构及浮动量的设计计算.行星齿轮传动根据基本够件的组成情况可分为：2KH、3K、及KHV三种.若按各对齿轮的啮合方式，又可分为：NGW型、NN型、WW型、WGW型、NGWN型和N型等.我所设计的行星齿轮是2KH行星传动NGW型滚珠丝杠副是什么?使物体运动时，一般来讲需要将动力产生的运动直接或通过其他机构间接地传达到最终运动部。以汽车为例，在发动机内由于汽油的燃烧使活塞上下移动，再通过中间机构最终传递到车轮使之发生回转运动。当今世界中，能代表机械的、有各种运动机构的装置，可以说无一不是具有某种形式的运动传导机构。滚珠丝杠副是将回转运动转化为直线运动，或将直线运动转化为回转运动的最合理的产品。滚珠丝杠副的特长1、与滑动丝杠副相比驱动力矩为1/3由于滚珠丝杠副的丝杠轴与丝母之间有很多滚珠在做滚动运动，所以能得到较高的运动效率。与过去的滑动丝杠副相比驱动力矩达到1/3以下，即达到同样运动结果所需的动力为使用滚动丝杠副的1/3。在省电方面很有帮助。2、高精度的保证滚珠丝杠副是用日本制造的世界最高水平的机械设备连贯生产出来的，特别是在研削、组装、检查各工序的工厂环境方面，对温度湿度进行了严格的控制，由于完善的品质管理体制使精度得以充分保证。3、微进给可能滚珠丝杠副由于是利用滚珠运动，所以启动力矩极小，不会出现滑动运动那样的爬行现象，能保证实现精确的微进给。4、无侧隙、刚性高滚珠丝杠副可以加予压，由于予压力可使轴向间隙达到负值，进而得到较高的刚性（滚珠丝杠内通过给滚珠加予压力，在实际用于机械装置等时，由于滚珠的斥力可使丝母部的刚性增强）。5、高速进给可能滚珠丝杠副由于运动效率高、发热小、所以可实现高速进给（运动）。一、 什么是减速器减速器是一种动力传达机构，利用齿轮的速度转换器，将马达的回转数减速到所要的回转数，并得到较大转矩的机构。1、减速器的作用 1）降速同时提高输出扭矩，扭矩输出比例按电机输出乘减速比，但要注意不能超出减速器额定扭矩。 2） 减速同時降低了负载的惯量，惯量的减少为减速比的平方。大家可以看一下一般电机都有一个惯量数值。2、减速器的种类 一般的减速器有斜齿轮减速器(包括平行轴斜齿轮减速器、蜗轮减速器、锥齿轮减速器等等)、行星齿轮减速器、摆线针轮减速器、蜗轮蜗杆减速器、行星摩擦式机械无级变速机等等。3、常见减速器 1） 蜗轮蜗杆减速器的主要特点是具有反向自锁功能，可以有较大的减速比，输入轴和输出轴不在同一轴线上，也不在同一平面上。但是一般体积较大，传动效率不高，精度不高。 2） 谐波减速器的谐波传动是利用柔性元件可控的弹性变形来传递运动和动力的，体积不大、精度很高，但缺点是柔轮寿命有限、不耐冲击，刚性与金属件相比较差。输入转速不能太高。 3） 行星减速器其优点是结构比较紧凑，回程间隙小、精度较高，使用寿命很长，额定输出扭矩可以做的很大。但价格略贵一、对装配前零件的要求 ：1.滚动轴承用汽油清洗，其他零件用煤油清洗。所有零件和箱体内不许有任何杂质存在。箱体内壁和齿轮（蜗轮）等未加工表面先后涂两次不被机油侵蚀的耐油漆，箱体外表面先后涂底漆和颜色油漆（按主机要求配色）。 2.零件配合面洗净后涂以润滑油二、安装和调整的要求 1.滚动轴承的安装滚动轴承安装时轴承内圈应紧贴轴肩，要求缝隙不得通过0.05mm 厚的塞尺