专四语法5讲--从句

1、1.从句,定语从句：关系词的选择、引导词前介词的选择、非限制性定语从句、特别搭配； 状语从句：让步、条件、结果、方式、原因、目的、时间、地点； 名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句，以及同位语从句,定语从句考点一: that,a.先行词为all, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词时， b.先行词被形容词最高级及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very 等词修饰时， c. 有两个或两个以上先行词既指人又指物时， d. 在there be句型中 e.在

2、先行词定语从句中充当表语成分,关系代词只能用that,Practice,I was very interested in _ she told me. (2009) A. all that B. all which C. all what D. that There is really no reason _ we couldnt pass TEM 4. A. Why B. For C. that D. since A victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc. who B. which C. al

3、l of them D. that This is the very pen _ you are looking for. A. Which B. what C. that D. of,A,C,D,C,定语从句考点二: as,a. 与such, the same, as (so)连用时，引导限定性定语从句的关系代词是as； Such students _ didnt attend my class would fail in the final exam. b. 引导非限定性定语从句时，as后的被动语态可省略be动词；which则不能省略。 Football and baseball, _ p

4、layed in the United States today, are basically modifications of games that originated in England,定语从句考点三: 类似定从的what,a. What作为关系代词既可指人，也可指物，本身即为先行词，在从句中可作主语，宾语等； _has been done cannot be undone This was exactly _ my teacher told me to do. b. “what+名词”相当于“all the+名词+that”; I have given you what help

5、I can. (all the help I can.) She managed to save _ she could out of her wages to help her brother. (2002) A. how little moneyB. so little money C. such little moneyD. what little money,D,定语从句考点四: 介词+关系代词,where引导定语从句，相当于介词in/at + which; Have you ever been in a situation _ you know the other person is

6、 right yet you cannot agree with him? （2002） A. by which B. that C. in where D. where This company has now introduced a policy _ pay rises are related to performance at work. (1996) A. which B. where C. whether D. what,B/D,B,定语从句考点四: 介词+关系代词,b. 介词+关系代词，该介词为先行名词的习惯搭配介词; The party, _I was the guest of

7、 honor, was extremely enjoyable. （2006） A. by which B. for which C. to which D. at which,D,c. 介词+关系代词，该介词为从句里动词或者形容词词组里的习惯搭配介词；（注意引导词选用） This is the ring _ she spent $1,000. The author _ we all are quite familiar will visit our company next week,on which,with whom,定语从句考点四: 介词+关系代词,定语从句考点四: 介词+关系代词,d

8、. of + which表示 “的”,表示“某物的”，如果用whose, 则既可指“某人的”，也可指“某物的”。 Above the trees are the hills, _ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. (2003) A. where B. of whose C. whose D. which,C,定语从句考点五:关系词语法功能,作主语：人who, 物which, 人或物that（限定） 作宾语：人whom, 物which,人或物that（限定） 作定语：人或物whose, 物 of which 作表

9、语：人或物that, 可省略,关系代词,关系副词,作时间状语：when=at/in/on/during which,先行词为表示时间的名词； 作地点状语：where=in/at which,先行词为表示时间的名词； 作原因状语：why=for which,先行词为reason,Practice,Ive never been to Lhasa, but thats the city_. (1999) A.Id most like to visit B. where I like to visit C. which I like to visit mostly D. Id like much to

10、 visit He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago. （2003） A. which B. that C. who D. whom Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff _ is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced. (2000) A. whose B. as C. what D. that,A,

11、B,D,定语从句考点六:非限定性从句,非限定性从句的关系词为which, who, whom, as, 介词+which (不能用that) They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _ is something we had not expected. （2003） A. which B. it C. that D. what Weve just installed two air-conditioners in out apartment, _should m

12、ake great differences in our life next summer. （2002） A. which B. what C. that D. they,A,A,定语从句考点七:but,But引导限制性定语从句，先行词可是人也可是物，表示“that/who/whichnot” There are very few _ admire his talents. Not a day went by _ brought us bad news at that difficult time. =Not a day went by which did not bring us bad

13、news at that difficult time,状语从句考点1：让步,a. 主要引导词: Though/although虽然 (主句不能加but，但可加yet，still,或nevertheless） Even if/though 即使 No matter + 疑问词 无论（修饰形容词，副词紧跟） 疑问词 + ever 无论（修饰形容词，副词紧跟） In spite of the fact that 尽管 （that不可省略） Much as 不管，尽管 For all (that) 尽管（that可省略） While 尽管，虽然（隐含并列转折） Granted/granting th

14、at 虽然，尽管,分析题干逻辑关系,Practice,_, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.（2005） Although he is a socialist Even if he is a socialist Being a socialist Since he is a socialist _ I like economics, I like sociology much better. (2003) As much as B. So much C. How much D. Much as,A,D,Pract

15、ice,_ I sympathize, I cant really do very much to help them out of the difficulties. (2001) As long as B. As C. While D. Even _ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. (2009) Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. However _ dull he may be, he is certainly a very succe

16、ssful top executive. （2006） A. Although B. whatever C. As D. However,C,A,D,状语从句考点1：让步,b. as / though引导的让步从句如果有强调部分，将强调部分置于句首。 Child as/though he was, he could help his mother. 注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。 b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前,Practice,Fool _ jerry is, he could not have done such a t

17、hing. (2010) A. who B. as C. like D. that _ he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. Try hard as Hard try as Try as hard As try hard,B,A,状语从句考点2：条件,a. 主要引导词: if 如果 unless 除非 as/so long as 只要 in case 万一 providing/provided (that) 假如 supposing/suppose/assuming (that) 假如 on condition

18、that 条件是 only if 只要，只有 given (that) 如果 in the event that 如果，在情况下 say 假如,Practice,He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _ that he paid me back the following week. (2005) A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only if This is an illness that can result in total blindness _

19、 left untreated. A. after B. if C. since D. unless,C,B,从句与主句主语同指才能省略,状语从句考点2：条件,b. 若将条件从句的连词if省略，应用倒装句型，即将从句中的谓语动词were, should, had 等提到句首。（强调虚拟语气） _ both sides accept the agreement _ a lasting peace be established in this region. (2004) A. Only if, will B. If only, would C. Should, will D. Unless, w

20、ould,C,状语从句考点3：结果,引导词 So that 如此 以至于 Such that如此 以至于 With the result that 结果是 So much so that 如此 以至于 To the degree/extent that 以至于,到的地步 To such a degree that,状语从句考点3：结果,b. 当sothat结构中的so置于句首表示强调时，句子要用倒装语序。 _ in the novel that he didnt realize it was 8 oclock already. So he was absorbed So was he abso

21、rbed So absorbed he was So was absorbed he,C,状语从句考点3：结果,c. sothat 和 suchthat区别 In the area, AIDS is _ disease that the very mention of it strikes terror into the population. a so dreadful so dreadful a such dreadful a such dreadful,B,状语从句考点4：时间,引导词 当时候：when, while, as, just as, next time, the last t

22、ime, each time, every time, whenever 时间先后：before, after 一就：as soon as, once, hardlywhen/before, scarcely when/before, no sooner than, directly, immediately, instantly, the moment/second/minute By the time 到时候；it is the first；notuntil直到才；till 直到时候，since自从，ever since 自从,Practice,The couple had no soon

23、er got to the station _ the coach left. (2009) when as until than,D,状语从句考点4：时间,b. While 和 when区别:while“在的时候”，when时间段/点 c. 以下引导词主句需要用完成时态：by the time, it is the first time, hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no sooner than, since, ever since. By the time I got home, they _ (leave) for the airport. d. 否定词置于句

24、首时注意倒装。 No sooner _ than it began to rain. I had reached had I reached did I reach I reached,had left,B,状语从句考点5：原因,引导词 because（前可有副词修饰，例如chiefly,和simply） since, as，for in that在于, now that既然, seeing (that), considering (that)鉴于 in as/so much as 因为 Not because, but because不是因为，而是因为 b. because, since,

25、as, for 区别：它们的语气依次渐弱。当because 从句放在句末且前面有逗号时，可用for，但如果不是直接说明原因而是根据情况加以判断或推断时，只能用for，而不能用because. 1) It must have rained yesterday, _ the ground is wet. 2) He didnt go to school yesterday, _ he was ill. 1) for 2) for/because,Practice,1.Barry had an advantage over of being born in USA _he could speak E

26、nglish. （2001）A. since that B. in that C. at that D. so that 2. Men differ from animals _ they can think and speak. A. for which B. for that （2008） C. in that D. in which,状语从句考点6：其它,方式引导词 As 像，正如；(just) as so正如，也；As if 好像 As though 好像；The way 以的方式 目的引导词 so that, in order that, lest, for fear that （s

27、hould, would 情态） 地点引导词 Where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere,Practice,She did her work _her manager had instructed. （2002） A. as B. until C. when D. though _ he showed us around, we saw green lawns and beautiful flower beds. When B. everywhere C. where D. what Read in a good light _ it (should) hurt

28、 your eyes. A. So that B. now that C. lest D. least,A,B,C,名词性从句考点1：从句连接词选择,连接词：that, whether, if （只起连接作用，不作句子成分） 关系代词：who, whom, whose, what , which, whatever, whichever, whoever（既起连接作用，又担任主语，宾语，定语，表语等成分） 关系副词：when, where, how, who (既起连接作用，又作状语,Practice,The government has promised to do _ lies in it

29、s power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-striken area. (2004) however B. whichever C. whatever D. wherever There is no doubt _ the company has made the right decision on the sales project. why B. that C. whether D. when After _ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel managers office. that B. there C. what D. it The team can handle whatever _. that needs handling B. which needs handling It needs handling D. needs to be handled,C,B,C,D,名词性从句考点2：be+情感形容词+从句,这类带如afraid, sorry, sure, glad, disappointed, delighted, glad等表示感情词的句子若为肯定句，一般由that引导。 I am sur