介词的翻译教材[文字可编辑]

1、介词的翻译,翻译技巧,1,省译法,2,增译法,3,词性转换,4,反译法,5,介词固定词组的翻译,省译法,英语的介词搭配能力很强,其含义与用法错,综多变,与汉语有很大区别,在译成汉语时应,遵循汉词习惯,英语介词的优势,英语,形合,汉语,意合,1,省译,1.1. on,在某一方面或某一具体事物,By,时间界限或动作的执行者,而句子又能译成主动句,With,伴随状态,For,目的,In,某一方面或处于某种状态,At,速度,Over,范围时,例子,Some authorities are experimenting,on,the computers,based on monitoring system

2、s,一些权威人士正在试验监控系统的计算机,on,表示在某,一方面,省译,Developers in the US have started work,on,a 100hp,7416kw) motor and hope to have it running,by,the end of,next year,美国的研究人员已经开始研制一种,100,马力,7416,千瓦,的发,动机,并希望明年年底让它运行使用,on,表示某一具体事,物,by,表示时限,省译,Heat and light are given,off by,the chemical reaction,这种化学反应能发出热和光,by,表示动

3、作执行者,句子可以,译成主动句,因而,by,省译,She fell into deep thought,with,so many people around her,她沉思起来,周围有许多人,with,表示伴随状态,省译,There is a need,for,improvement in our work,我们的工作需要改进,for,表示目的,省译,Iron and steel are used,in,industry,工业需要钢铁,in,说明在某一方面,省译,Below 4,water is,in,continuous expansion instead of,continuous con

4、traction,水在,4,度以下就不断地膨胀,而不是不断收缩,in,说明在某一,状态,省译,1.2 of,介词,of,在下列情况,1)of,前面有,a lot (of), a number (of), an amount (of), a large,quantities (of,等,说明量的词组,2)of,前面有,a kind (of), a sort (of), a type (of,等说,明种类的,词,3)of,短语,做定语,同时可以译成主谓词组或动宾词组,常常省译,例子,A large number of advances,have also been made in,other fi

5、elds,其它领域也有了许多进展,Nevertheless,this type of cell,is still under development,无论如何,这种电池还在研制中,of,省译,因为前面有,this,type,The nuclear reactions give the sun its constant,supply of,energy,太阳中核反应不断向太阳提供能量,of,不译,说明动宾关,系,The,expense of this project,is not a small sum,项目费用不是个小数目,of,不译,说明主谓关系,1.3,有的介词在英语中是不可或缺的,但是译

6、,成汉语时则不必译出,并能完整地说明原文,的含义。例如,大部分说明,时间和地点,的英,语介词,在翻译时可以省略,Much progress has been made,in,electrical engineering,in,less than a,century,不到一个世纪,电气工程就取得了很,大进展,in,说明时间、省译,1.4,介词后面是,反身代词或人称代词,而且它们与主语,人称一致时,常常省略介词,The machine will stop,by itself,机器会自动停下,by,不译,The corporation has developed,on its own,这家,公司独自

7、发展起来,on,不译,总之,介词的省译是以译文言简意赅,通顺流畅为前,提的,如果不能完整说明英文原文内容,则不能省译,2,增译法,2.1,翻译介词时增加适当的词,把隐含的意义,充分表达出来,使其,搭配,恰当,The directions are about an auto,control,system,说明是关于自动化系统,方面,的,增加“方,面”二字,使句子通晓易懂,2.2,英语结构中允许的省略,需要在翻译时适当予以补出,使,句子符合汉语习惯,译文清晰、准确,The computer can read,in and out,information in less than,a second,

8、这台计算机能在不到一秒钟的时间里,输入和输出,数据,补,出第二个“输”字,2.3,由于,汉语表达习惯或修辞,的需要,有时要在做,定语的介,词短词前面加译一个动词,使译文更加生动完整,They changed several instruments in the system,他们更换了,安装,在此系统中的几个仪器,增加了,安装,这一动词,The safety door,to,the outside was locked,通向,外面的安全门那时是锁着的,增加了动词“通向,3,词性转换,3.1,在英语句子中,不需要强调动作时常用介词短语结构表,达同一概念。这种介词译成汉语时可以,译成动词,For

9、a conventional motor, even,with,a 95% efficiency, 80,kw would be lost as heat,一台传统的电动机,即使效率达,95,它也将以热能的形式损,失,80,千瓦的电能,with,与,even,在一起表示让步,译成“即,使,达到,Metals,with,which people make machines were,discovered long ago,很早就发现了人们用来制造机器的金属,with,表示方式,译,成“用来,3.2,有些介词译成汉语时转换成,形容词或,副词,尤其是一些表示程度和范围的介词,例如,about, ov

10、er, through,等介词,About,1cm,3,of gas needs to react to,produce a current of 1A for one second,需要一立方厘米左右的煤气参与反应生产,每秒一安培的电流,about,译成形容词“左,右的,3.3,介词,with,表示原因,状态时常常译成汉语的,连词,I can hardly do any work,with,all my reference,books taken away,我干不了工作，因为我的参考书全被人拿走了,with,译成连词“因为,I cant concentrate on my work,with

11、,so many,machines making so much noise,由于机器噪音太大,我的精力难以集中在工作上,with,译成连词“由于,4,反译法,与动词搭配使用的,against, from,等介词短语做表语,besides,but, except,等表示“除了”之意的介词,off, until,表示时间,范围的介词,above ,beyond,表示品质,行为、能力等“超,出,之外”的介词,在翻译时,均可以从反面下笔,Stay,from,the bare wire, please,请不要靠近裸露的电线,A lighting rod protects high buildings,

12、against,lightening,避雷针使高层建筑不受雷击,Keep it anywhere,but,the wet places,不要把它放到潮湿的,地方,5,介词固定词组的翻译,介词翻译切忌望文生义,特别是组成习惯用语时,要,多加注意它们字面意义与实际意义。因此翻译时,一旦没有把握,就要多查找字典,找出其确切含义,This big project,is subject to,many factors such,as the man labour and money,这个大项目易受到诸如人力和资金等许多因素的,影响,How can the company,account for,the bad,quality of this product to the customers,这家公司能怎样向顾客解释这种劣质产品,呢,(account for,意为“解释,原因,Pumps shall be dismantled,for,visual,examination of parts,for,damage following test,as and when required,by,the in