高考英语必备—新高三英语暑期教师辅导讲义 定语从句+阅读+学法与能力主题

1、 学员编号： 年 级：高三 课 时 数： 3学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：授课类型T ()C （阅读）T （学法与能力主题）授课日期时段教学内容一、高考词汇梳理1. adj.积极的；主动的；活跃的 active2. vt.影响；使感动；（疾病）侵袭 affect3. n.怒气，愤怒 anger4. adj.先进的；高级的 advanced5. n.建筑师 architect6. n.业余爱好者 amateur7. adv.事实上 actually8. n.阿司匹林（药片）aspirin 9. vt.授予（）奖 award10. n.出现；外貌appearance11. n.冒险（经历）

2、；奇遇 adventure12. n.大气；气氛 atmosphere13. n.救护车 ambulance14. vt.引起（兴趣、好奇心等） arouse 15. vt.陪伴；为伴奏（或伴唱）accompany16. v.出席，参加；护理，照料attend17. n.空调机 air-conditioner18. vt.赞赏，欣赏；钦佩；羡慕 admire19. adv.不管怎样，无论如何 anyhow/anyway20. vt.买得起，承担得起；提供 afford21. n.应用；申请（表）application22. n.会计人员 accountant23. n.(照相本、集邮本等)粘贴

3、薄；唱片集，专辑 album24. adj. 醒着的 awake25. n.文章；物品 article26. n.活动 activity27. vt.宣布；通告 announce28. n.航空邮件 airmail29. n. 运动员；田径运动员 athlete30. adv.在（到）国外 abroad31. adj.渐愧的，羞耻的；难为情的 ashamed32. n.争论；论据 argument33. n.志向；强烈欲望 ambition34. n.有利条件，优点；优势 advantage35. n.公寓 apartment36. n.宇航员 astronaut37. vt.获得;学到 ac

4、quire38. adj.古代的 ancient39. n.广告 advertisement40. n. 约会；任命；委任 appointment41. n.女演员 actress42. v.接受；许可 accept43. v.安排 arrange44. n. 警报器；闹钟 alarm45. adj.吸引人的 attractive46. n.成年人 adult47. n. 鼓掌（声）；欢呼，喝彩 applause48. n. 周年纪念（日）anniversary49. n. 农业；农艺 agriculture50. accidental adj. 偶然的，意外的51. alternative

5、adj. 供选择的，替代的52. automatically adv. 自动地；自觉地53. interact vi. 相互作用54. assess vt. 评估；评价，评价55. adapt v. （使）适应；改编56. appeal vi./n. 呼吁；上诉；吸引57. attentive adj. 全神贯注的58. absolute adj. 完全的，绝对的，不容置疑的59. artificial adj. 人工的，人造的；做作的60. advisable adj. 明智的，合情合理的61. accomplish vt. 实现；完成；达到62. alert adj. 警觉的，警惕的63.

6、 approve vt. 批准；赞成64. abstract adj. 抽象的65. anxiety n. 焦虑；渴望66. attempt vt./n. 企图，尝试67. admission n. 准许进入；承认68. apparent adj. 显然的69. authorities n. 当局，官方70. abandon vt. 放弃；抛弃71. unavoidable adj. 不可避免的72. attach vt. 连接；使依附73. assume vt. 假定；承担74. adequate adj. 充足的；适当的75. antipollution n. 防止（环境）污染76. ac

7、commodation n. 住处；膳宿；方便设施77. amuse vt. 逗乐；娱乐78. agreeable adj. 令人愉快的，惬意的79. appreciation n. 感激；欣赏，赏识；鉴赏力80. abnormal adj. 反常的，异常的81. alter v. 改变82. adjust v. 调整，调节83. annoy v. 使烦恼，使恼怒；打扰84. approach n.接近，入门；途径；方法85. absorb vt. 吸收；理解86. associate vt. 联系；联合87. average adj. 平均的；平常的，普通的；中等的88. accustome

8、d adj. 适应了的，习惯的89. accessible adj. （某地）易到达的；（某物）易到手的；（某人）易亲近的90. astonish vt. 使惊讶91. analysis n. 分析92. additional adj. 附加的93. awkward adj. 笨拙的；难用的；尴尬的，难处理的94. absence n. 不在；缺席95. apology n. 道歉96. aggressive adj. 侵犯的，侵略的；好斗的；有进取心的；敢作敢为的97. accurate adj. 准确的，精确的98. appropriate adj. 合适的，适当的99. academic

9、 adj. 学术上的；学业上的100. adopt vt. 采纳，采用；收养 高考英语中译英语测验1（A）Section (A)1. 商店里的商品琳琅满目，让我们眼花缭乱。(accustomed)We are not accustomed to seeing so many kinds of goods in the shop.2. 他利用她人好心软，三番五次向她借钱。(advantage)He took advantage of her kindness to borrow money from her repeatedly.3. 在西方国家绝对不要问有关工资这样的隐私问题。(affairs

10、)In western countries, never ask a person about any private affairs like salary.4. 她已向这家公司申请担任秘书。(apply)She has applied to the company for a position as a secretary.5. 在旧社会，出身贫寒的人很少有受教育的机会。(access)In the old society, people from poor families had little access to education.6. 这个获胜者因她的画而获得了一等奖。(award

11、)The winner was awarded the first prize for her picture.7. 必须立即采取行动以减少台风带来的损失。(action)Immediate action must be taken to reduce the losses caused by the typhoon.8. 边开车边打手机是违反交通规则的。(against)Driving while using cell phone is against the traffic rules. 9. 我向你保证我有能力解决这个问题。(ability)I assure you that I hav

12、e the ability to solve the problem.10. 你该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。(apologize)You should apologize to the people present for what you have just done.11. 显而易见，这个国家的人每时每刻都可喝到新鲜牛奶。(available)Obviously, fresh milk is available to the people in the country at any moment. 12. 我很高兴被聘请担任北京奥运会的口译员。(act)I am glad to be

13、 employed to act as an interpreter in the Beijing Olympics.13. 丰富的网络资讯吸引老老少少上网冲浪。(attract)Rich information on the Internet attracts people of all ages to surfing it. 14. 这位科学家终日废寝忘食地埋首于研究。(absorb)The scientist is absorbed in research all day, neglecting sleep and meals.15. 十分感你给我这次面试的机会。(appreciate)

14、I really appreciate your giving me this chance of an interview.16. 各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。(add)Colorful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets. 17. 人生可贵，不要为日常琐事而忧心忡忡。(anxious)Life is precious, so dont be anxious about everyday things.18. 在你做决定之前请考虑一下我的感受。(account)Please take my feelin

15、gs into account before you make any decision.19. 我已经安排了一辆出租车去机场接你。(arrange)I have arranged for a taxi to meet you at the airport. 20. 在山区，很多同我年纪相仿的儿童上不起学。(afford)In mountain areas, many children about my age cant afford to go to school.二、定语从句梳理一、定语从句的定义定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名

16、词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语

17、） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 3) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of w

18、hich互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，when, where, why在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语。例如： There are occasions when one must yield. Beijing is the place where I was born. Is this the reaso

19、n why he refused our offer?关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?注意：1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。介词确定依据：1) 依从句中的动词，形容词，名词与介

20、词的固定搭配而定例如：The two things of which they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.2) 依先行词与从句中动词的关系及所表达的含义而定例如: A harvester is a man who is harvesting or a machine with which we harvest crops.练习：填入适当的介词1. The tower is 40 metres, on the top _ which we can see the whole city.2. The fox _ whi

21、ch the chicks were killed was shot.3. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, _ which more than ten bridges have been built.4. The building _ which he has lived for many years will be turned down.5. The man, _ whom I learned the news, is an engineer.6. Those spades _ which we had plan

22、ted trees went out of use.7. The village has a big tree _ which the villagers often have meetings.8. His naughty grandson has taken away his glasses, _ which the old man can see nothing.9. That is the question _ which the class will have a discussion.10. It rained all night and all day, _ which time

23、 the ship broke into pieces.参考答案：1. from 2. by 3. over 4. in 5.from 6. with 7. under 8. without 9. about 10. during. 限制性和非限制性定语从句1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The hou

24、se, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have

25、read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 注意：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。5.as, which 非限定性定语从句由as, which 引导的非

26、限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。which不可放在句首例：As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which不可。(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动

27、词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。注意：as 的用法1. the same as；suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。I have got into the same trouble as he (has).2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有“正如”。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.1.-How do you like the book? - Its quite different form _I read last

28、 month.A.that B.which C.the one D.the one what2. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _who had already taken them. A.the ones B.ones C.some D.the others3.The train _she was travelling was late. A.which B.where C.on which D.in that4.He has lost the key to the drawer _the papers are ke

29、pt.A.where B.in which C.under which D.which5. Antarctic _we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A.which B.where C.that D.about which 6. Its the third time _ late this month.A.that you arrived B.when you arrived C.that youve arrived D.when youve arrived7. Each time _they met

30、 they would talk long hours together. A.which B.during C.when D./8.It was in 1969 _the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A.that B.which C.when D.in which 9. Mr. Crosett will never forget the days _he spent with his various students. A.when B.which C.during which D.on which10.May th

31、e fourth is the day _we Chinese people will never forget. A.which B.when C.on which D.about which高考语法填空专题定语从句热身练习1.The gentleman _you told me about yesterday proved to be a thief.2.These houses are sold at such a low price_people expected.3.Have you seen the film “Titanic”， _leading actor is world f

32、amous?5.Is this the reason_he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?6._has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.7.A fast food restaurant is the place_，just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.8.The United States is made up of fifty states, one of

33、_ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.9.You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, _is always busy at the weekend.10.The thought of going back home was all_kept him happy while he was working abroad.11.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, without_there wont be muc

34、h work.12.The visitor_passport was stolen was on his way to the US.13.Samuel survived when the car_he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree.14.Fayes fondest memory is of last year, _the club gave a tea party for her birthday.15.The result of the study indicated that .it was the type

35、of fat_made the difference.16.Sailing across the ocean alone was an achievement_took courage. 17.He s got himself into a dangerous situation_he is likely to lose control over the plane.18.Alec asked the policeman with_ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.19.I can think of many ca

36、ses_students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.20.American women usually identify their best friend as someone with_they can talk frequently.21.If a shop has chairs_women can park their men, women will be happy to shop.22.In an hour, we can travel t

37、o places _would have taken our ancestors days to reach.23.His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream.24.We went through a period in _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.25.Mozarts birthplace and the house_he composed “The Magic Flute” are bot

38、h museums now.1. whom/ that; 2. as; 3. whose; 5. that/which 6. as; 7. where; 8. which; 9. which; 10. that; 11. which; 12. whose; 13. that/which; 14. when; 15. that; 16. which/that; 17. where; 18. whom; 19. where; 20. whom; 21. where; 22. which/that; 23. which; 24. which; 25. where.强化练习Directions： Re

39、ad the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the words that are correct in structure and proper in meaning.1. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area_interact with one another.2. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_visitors

40、can watch the big glasshouses being built.3.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of_are family members.4._is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.5.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _they live.6.Finally he reached a lonely is

41、land_was completely cut off from the outside world.7.There is no simple answer, _is often the case in science.8.He may win the competition, in _case he is likely to get into the national team.9.He wrote a letter_ he explained what had happened in the accident.10.The president of the World Bank says

42、he has a passion for China, _he remembers starting as early as his childhood.11.Happiness and success often come to those_are good at recognizing their own strengths.12.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those_lives were affected.13.Many countries are now setting up nationa

43、l parks_animals and plants can be protected.14.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，_ made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.15.We have launched another man-made satellite，_is announced in todays newspaper.16.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the hous_I wo

44、uld be staying.17.The children，all of_had played the whole day long, were worn out.18.That evening,_I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.19.A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their childr

45、en during that period.20.Sales director is a position_ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.21.When deeply absorbed in work, _he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.22.The air quality in the city, _is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months

46、.23.It is the third time that she has won the race, _has surprised us all.24.Maria has written two novels both of_have been made into television series.25.Care of the soul is a gradual process_even the small details of life should be considered.26.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_help I woul

47、d never have got this far.27.By 16:30,_was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.28.In our class there are 46 students, of _ half wear glasses.29.We live in an age_more information is available with greater ease than ever before.30.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _,

48、 for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.1. that; 2. where; 3.whom; 4. as; 5. where; 6. which/that; 7. as 8. which; 9. where; 10. which; 11. who; 12. whose; 13. where; 14. which; 15. which; 16. where; 17. whom; 18. which; 19. as; 20. where; 21. which; 22. as; 23. which; 24. which; 25.

49、where; 26. whose; 27. which; 28. whom; 29. when; 30. who三、其他练习Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other

50、 blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.(1) How would you like to wear the same underwear for weeks? Owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as unpleasant as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide

51、superior resistance to dirt _25_ _ _ water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials. The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of _26_ nature helps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known as the “lotus effect”. The name c

52、omes, of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while _27_ (remain) almost miraculously clean. By observing nature, scientists are applying the qualities of the lotus leaves _28_ the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new p

53、roducts _29_ (launch), among _30_ are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special coating on these windows _31_ _ prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been fixed to some cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers (雨刮器). Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more drama