高考英语必备—专题05 备战高中高考英语语法填空（解析版）

1、专题05 全国卷语法填空基础巩固1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Scientists from Britain and Kenya may have found a way to control malaria (疟疾) and possibly destroy one of the worlds most dangerous _ (disease). The scientists say they have found a microbe (微生物) that prevents mosquitoes from being infected with th

2、e organism _ causes the disease. A report on the research was published in Nature Communications. It says the microbe _ (complete) protects the insects from infection. The microbe _ (call) Microsporidia MB. The scientists found it inside the body of mosquitoes _ (live) around Lake Victoria in Kenya.

3、 Experts say they do not know how the microbe prevents the mosquitoes from carrying the malaria. But they suspect that it affects the mosquitos _(nature) defenses so the insect does not become _ (infect). The researchers say the next step is to study ways to release the microbe-carrying mosquitoes _

4、 the wild. Malaria kills about 400,000 people every year. The disease spreads to people through mosquito bites. Mosquito nets and insect-killing chemicals _ (help) people fight against malaria over the past 20 years. This is especially the case in African countries south of the Sahara Desert. _, mos

5、quitoes in some areas are becoming resistant to chemical products. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that the number of malaria deaths could reach 769,000 or higher this year.【答案】 diseases；that/which；completely；is called；living；natural；infected；into/to；have helped；However 【解析】 （1）考查名词。Adi

6、seaseis an illness which affects people, animals, or plants, for example, one which is caused by bacteria or infection. 疾病。句意：来自英国和肯尼亚的科学家可能已经找到了控制疟疾的方法，并且有可能消灭世界上最危险的疾病之一。one+of+形容词最高级+名词复数，所填空应是名词复数形式。故填diseases。 （2）考查定语从句。句意：科学家们说，他们发现了一种微生物，可以防止蚊子感染导致这种疾病的微生物。_ _ causes the disease是限制性定语从句，先行词是t

7、he organism，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which引导从句。故填that/which。 （3）考查副词。句意：该组织表示，这种微生物可以完全保护昆虫不受感染。副词作状语修饰动词“protects”。故填completely。 （4）考查时态语态。句意：这种微生物被称为微孢子虫MB。分析可知，所填空应是句子谓语，结合文章时态应是一般现在时，且动词与之前主语之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时被动结构：am/is/are done，主语为第三人称单数形式。故填is called。 （5）考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们在肯尼亚维多利亚湖附近的蚊子体内发现了这种微生物。此处mosqui

8、toes的后置定语，与其之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填living。 （6）考查形容词。句意：但是他们怀疑它影响了蚊子的自然防御，这样昆虫就不会被感染。此处是形容词作定语，修饰名词defenses。故填natural。 （7）考查形容词。句意：但是他们怀疑它影响了蚊子 的自然防御，这样昆虫就不会被感染。此处应用形容词作表语。故填infected。 （8）考查介词。句意：研究人员说，下一步是研究如何将携带微生物的蚊子释放到野外。release sth into/to，固定短语，“某物释放到”。故填into/to。 （9）考查时态。句意：蚊帐和杀虫化学品在过去20年帮助人们抗击疟疾。根据时

9、间状语over the past 20 years”可知，应是现在完成时，且主语“Mosquito nets and insect-killing chemicals”为并列结构，谓语应用have done。故填have helped。 （10）考查副词。句意：然而，一些地区的蚊子对化学产品产生了抗药性。根据上文“Mosquito nets and insect-killing chemicals _9 _ (help) people fight against malaria over the past 20 years. This is especially the case in Afr

10、ican countries south of the Sahara Desert.” 蚊帐和杀虫化学品在过去20年帮助人们抗击疟疾。撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲国家尤其如此。表达了对蚊帐和杀虫化学品的认可，而空后“mosquitoes in some areas are becoming resistant to chemical products”提及一些地区的蚊子开始对化学产品产生抗药性，由此判断前后之间为转折关系，应用转折副词however置于句首。故填However。 【总结】本题考点涉及名词，定语从句，副词，时态语态，非谓语动词，形容词，名词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，要求考生在

11、理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。2.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Fifth-generation wireless (5G) is _ latest network technology, engineered to _ (great) increase the speed of wireless networks. With 5G, data could travel at rates as high as 20 Gbps by some estimates even _

12、(fast) than wireline networks(有线网络). 5G will also enable a very sharp increase in the amount of data _ (travel) over wireless systems. In addition to improvements _ speed and capacity, 5G will be able to create several virtual networks within a single physical network. This quality will enable wirel

13、ess network connections _ (support) specific uses. A self-driving car, for example, would require a virtual network _ is extremely fast so a vehicle could run safely in real time. A dishwasher at home, however, could be connected through a lower-power, slower connection because high _ (perform) is n

14、ot very important. Unlike 4G, which _(require) large, high-power cell towers to send signals over longer distances, 5G wireless signals will spread through large numbers of small cell stations _(locate) in places like light poles or building roofs.【答案】 the；greatly；faster；traveling；in/on；to support；w

15、hich/ that；performance；requires；located 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了5G的概念，以及这些技术给我们生活带来的变化。 （1）考查冠词。设空处后为latest是形容词最高级，形容词或副词最高级前要用定冠词the。故填the。 （2）考查副词。设空处用副词greatly修饰动词increase。故填greatly。 （3）考查形容词。形容词或副词比较级的结构：形容词或副词的比较级+than，而设空处后为than，可知设空处应为比较级。故填faster。 （4）考查非谓语动词。travel在该句中为非谓语动词，其逻辑主语为data，二者构成主谓关系，应用现在

16、分词形式。故填traveling。 （5）考查介词。句意：除了速度和容量的提高，5G能够在单个物理网络中创建多个虚拟网络。分析可知，设空处表示“在方面”，in和on符合题意。故填inon。 （6）考查非谓语动词。设空处用不定式做目的状语。故填to support。 （7）考查定语从句。分析可知该句为定语从句，其先行词为virtual network，在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which或that。故填whichthat。 （8）考查名词。设空处位于形容词high后，应用其名词形式。故填performance。 （9）考查主谓一致。分析可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，require在从句中做谓

17、语，其主语为先行词4G为单数，所以谓语使用单数第三人称形式。故填requires。 （10）考查非谓语动词。分析可知locate在该句为非谓语动词，其逻辑主语为small cell stations，二者构成动宾关系，使用过去分词形式。故填located。 【总结】本题考点涉及冠词，副词，形容词，非谓语动词，介词，定语从句，名词以及主谓一致等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。3.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 A two-layere

18、d paint _ reflects infrared light (红外线) while maintaining its colour could help keep buildings and vehicles cool under hot sun. This could help reduce energy used in cooling. This coating _(develop) by Yuan Yang at Columbia University in New York and his colleagues. It consists_a top layer, which pr

19、ovides the colour, and a bottom layer reflecting infrared light. When the sun shines on _ object coated with this paint, the top layer absorbs certain light, while the bottom layer reflects infrared light, preventing the object from_ (heat) up. A similar cooling effect can be achieved using white pa

20、int or metal mirrors, _ Yang says the advantage of this new paint is that it can be any colour desired. _ (usual) black paint absorbs heat, but painting an object with a black version of this new coating kept it about 16%:_ (cool) than when an object painted with commercial black paint was exposed t

21、o the same amount of sunlight. This new paint could be_(use) in tropical locations to help keep_(building) cool, as well as to prevent cars, buses and trains from getting too hot.【答案】 which/that；was developed；of；an；being heated；but；Usually；cooler；used；buildings 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型涂料能够反射红外线，阻止物体受热。

22、（1）考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词是A two-layered paint，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。 （2）考查时态语态。句意：这种涂料是由纽约哥伦比亚大学的袁扬和他的同事们开发的。develop此动作已发生，用一般过去时，主语This coating和动词develop是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态主语单数，谓语也用单数。故填was developed。 （3）考查介词。consist of，固定短语，“由组成”，故填of。 （4）考查冠词。句意：当阳光照射在涂有这种涂料的一个物体上时，顶层吸收一定的光，而底层反射红外光

23、，防止物体被加热（受热）。此处泛指“一个涂有这种涂料的物体”，object以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 （5）考查非谓语动词。句意：当阳光照射在涂有这种涂料的一个物体上时，顶层吸收一定的光，而底层反射红外光，防止物体被加热（受热）。prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.固定短语，“阻止某人/物干某事”，此处指“防止物体被加热”，表被动，应用动名词被动式being done。故填being heated。 （6）考查连词。句意：使用白色涂料或金属镜子也可以达到类似的冷却效果，但是杨说，这种新涂料的优点是它可以是任何想要的颜色。前后两句表转折，应用并列连词

24、but。故填but。 （7）考查副词。此处用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，首字母大写。故填Usually。 （8）考查形容词。than比较级的标志，此空应用cooler。故填cooler。 （9）考查非谓语动词。主语This new paint和动词use是被动关系，谓语应用被动语态（be done），本句谓语为could be used，此处用过去分词形式。故填used。 （10）考查名词。句意：这种新的涂料可以被用于热带地区，帮助建筑物保持凉爽，也可以防止汽车、公共汽车和火车过热。此处指“不止一个建筑物”，building指“具体建筑物”时，是可数名词，应用名词复数，故填buildings。

25、【总结】本题考点涉及定语从句，时态，介词，冠词，非谓语动词，连词。副词，形容词以及名词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。 4.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Du Fu is to Chinese literature what Shakespeare is to English Drama. We have Dante, Shakespeare and Du Fu. These poets create the very valu

26、es by _ poetry is judged, remarked Harvard Professor Stephen Owen in Du Fu, Chinas Greatest Poet, a new BBC documentary that aired on April 7. _ (aim) at introducing the charm and beauty of traditional Chinese literature to viewers _ the world, the documentary invited famous British actor Ian McKell

27、en, who _ (play) the Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings in 1999, to read 15 of Dus poems that have been translated into English. The one-hour film traces the poets life_ (experience) in detail. Born in 712 AD, Du lived in the time governed by the Tang Emperor Xuanzong, which was marked by extraordinar

28、y prosperity. However, as the An Lushan Rebellion (安史之乱) in 755 AD _ (complete) shocked the empire, Du Fu had to take his family on the road as refugees (难民)，and endured _ (starve), poverty and other sufferings. Despite the ups and downs, the poet never stopped and about 1,500 poems _ (pass) down ov

29、er the ages. In these poems, he expressed he was _(concern) for his country and people. Besides, the importance of _ (celebrate) the simple joys of life was also emphasized.【答案】 which；Aimed；around/across/throughout；played；experiences；completely；starvation；have been passed；concerned；celebrating 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了BBC英国广播公司最新纪录片中国最伟大的诗人杜甫。 （1）考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，原句为These poets create the very values that poetry is judged by，先行词是the very values，指物，