2019年英语专八阅读理解考前练习试题及答案

1、2019 年英语专八阅读理解考前练习试题及答案Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced byscience, but their form and function, their dimensions andappearance, were determined by technologists, artisans,designers, inventors, and engineers ?D using nonscientificmodes of thought. Many features and qualities of

2、the objectsthat a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced tounambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in themind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development ofWestern technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, by andlarge, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the detailso

3、f our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, androckets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, butbecause they were first a picture in the minds of those whobuilt them.The creative shaping process of a technologist s mind canbe seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example,

4、indesigning a diesel engine, a technologist might impressindividual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine bycontinually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness.What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Whereshould be valves be placed? Should it have a long or shortpiston? Such

5、 questions have a range of answers that aresupplied by experience, by physical requirements, bylimitations of available space, and not least by a sense ofform. Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diametermay depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientificcomponent of design remain

6、s primary.Design courses, then, should be an essential element inengineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a centralmechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, thestock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Becauseperceptive processes are not assumed to entail hard thinking ，nonverb

7、al thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage inthe development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbalor mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when thestaff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished tohave drawings made of machines and isometric views ofindustrial proc

8、esses for its historical record of Americanengineering, the only college students with the requisiteabilities were not engineering students, but rather studentsattending architectural schools.If courses in design, which in a strongly analyticalengineering curriculum provide the background required f

9、orpractical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect toencounter silly but costly errors occurring in advancedengineering systems. For example, early models of high-speedrailroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unableto operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into theel

10、ectrical system. Absurd random failures that plagueautomatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations;they are a reflection of the chaos that results when designis assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.1.In the text, the author is primarily concerned withA Identifying the kinds

11、of thinking that is used bytechnologists.B Stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking inengineering design.C Proposing a new role for nonscientific thinking in thedevelopment of technology.D Contrasting the goals of engineers with those oftechnologists.2. It can be inferred that the author think

12、s engineeringcurricula areA Strengthened when they include courses in design.B Weakened by the substitution of physical science coursesfor courses designed to develop mathematical skills.C Strong because nonverbal thinking is still emphasized bymost of the courses.D Strong despite the errors those g

13、raduates of suchcurricula have made in the development of automatic controlsystems.3.Which of the following statements best illustrates themain point of the first two paragraphs of the text?A When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions, it isthe technologist who is best equipped to repair it.B

14、Each component of an automobile? D for example, theengine or the fuel tank? D has a shape that has beenscientifically determined to be best suited to thatcomponents function.C A telephone is a complex instrument designed bytechnologists using only nonverbal thought.D The distinctive features of a su

15、spension bridge reflectits designers conceptualization as well as the physicalrequirements of its site.4.Which of the following statements would best serve as anintroduction to the text?A The assumption that the knowledge incorporated intechnological developments must be derived from scienceignores

16、the many nonscientific decisions made bytechnologists.B Analytical thought is no longer a vital component in thesuccess of technological development.C As knowledge of technology has increased, the tendencyhas been to lose sight of the important role played byscientific thought in making decisions ab

17、out form,arrangement, and texture.D A movement in engineering colleges toward atechnician s degree reflects a demand for graduates who havethe nonverbal reasoning ability that was once common amongengineers.5. The author calls the predicament faced by the HistoricAmerican Engineering Record paradoxi

18、cal (line 6, paragraph 3)most probably becauseA The publication needed drawings that its own staff couldnot make.B Architectural schools offered but did not requireengineering design courses for their students.C College students were qualified to make the drawingswhile practicing engineers were not.

19、D Engineering students were not trained to make the typeof drawings needed to record the development of their owndiscipline.答案与考点解析1. 答案B考点解析这是一道中心主旨题。本题的准确答案信息点在原文第一段的倒数第二句，该句强调“ nonverbal thinking ”的重要性。可见本题的准确选项应该是 B.考生在破解中心主旨题时一定要首先找出原文的中心主旨句。2. 答案A考点解析这是一道反推题。根据题干中的“ engineeringcurricula ”可将本题的

20、准确答案信息来源确定在原文的第三段第一句。该句中“should ”一词的理解十分重要。“ should ”是“应该做”而实际上确“没有做”。根据“ should ”一词并且结合第三段第一句实行反推即逆向思维，可得出本题的准确选项是 A.考生在解题时应该重视关键的语言信号词，更要增强反推的水平。3. 答案D考点解析本题是一道细节归纳推导题。其实只要考生抓住第一段中的中心主旨句 ( 倒数第二句 ) 和第二段中的中心主旨句 ( 倒数第一句 ) ，就不难寻找出本题的准确答案 D.要想知道某一段的主要含义就要首先找出该段的中心主旨句。另外考生在破解此类题型时还要善于根据中心主旨句实行合理的逻辑推导。4.

21、 答案A考点解析这是一道中心主旨题。如果考生抓住了全文的中心主旨句( 第一段的倒数第二句 ) 以及每段的中心主旨句 ( 例如第二段的倒数第一句) ，就不难寻找出本题的准确选项 A，因为该选项所强调的内容与这些中心主旨句所表达的内容是相互一致的。考生在破解中心主旨题型时一定要具备寻找和理解中心主旨句的水平。5. 答案D考点解析本题是一道细节推导题。题干已经将本题的答案信息确定在第三段的尾句，该句强调的是“ engineering students ”在教育方面的缺陷，所以本题的准确选项应该是 D.如果考生在理解此句时有困难，可借助于本段的主题句 ( 第三段第一句 ) 来破解本题。第三段第一句强调的是“ engineering curricula ”缺乏“design courses ”。这句话同样是表明“ engineering students ”在教育方面的缺失。考生在破解此类题型时一定要善于总结和归纳原文的信息。 参考译文很多日常使用的事物明显受到了科学的影响，但它们的形状和功能，它们的大小和外观，是由工艺人员、工匠、设计师、发明家和工程师使用非科学思维模式来设计的。工艺人员所考虑物体的很多性质和特点不能归结到毫不模糊的字面描述 ; 在思维中，它们以一种视觉上的、非言语的方式被加以处理。在西