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双滚筒采煤机传动系统设计【说明书+CAD】,滚筒,采煤,传动系统,设计,说明书,CAD
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国内采煤机的研制现状与发展1.国内采煤机研制现状国外于1976年研制出第1台电牵引采煤机。1991年，由煤炭科学研究总院上海分院与波兰科玛克公司合作，成功研制我国第1台采用交流变频调速的G344-PWD型薄煤层强力爬底板电牵引采煤机，性能良好，电牵引采煤机成为我国第4代采煤机。2005年煤炭科学研究总院上海分院又开发出总装机功率达1815kW的大功率采煤机。随后，更大功率的电牵引采煤机MG900/2215-GWD也问世，该型采煤机的控制达到了国际先进水平，是目前国内功率最大的采煤机。如果采用长摇臂，最大采高可达到创记录的6m，该型采煤机完全能够满足国内煤矿高产高效的生产需要。目前，国内使用的交流电牵引采煤机的电牵引调速系统主要有3种:即交流变频调速系统、开关磁阻电机调速系统(简称SRD)、电磁转差离合器调速系统。调速原理不尽相同，但基本上都可分制部分和牵引电机部分。在这 3种 交流电牵引调速系统中，交流变频调速技术由于具有的诸多优点，在大功率采煤机的应用已趋向成熟，并已成为目煤机调速方式的主流，其主要特点是:启动性能好，可直接实现软启动;交流变频调速属转差功率不变型调速系统，故效率高。随着计算机技术和大功率电子元器件的发展，交流变频调速的调速性能和精度可与直流调速相比。SRD技术在采煤机上的应用虽然起步不久，但具有发展潜力，它有交流变频调速电动机结构简单、无刷无整流子的优点，也有直流调速系统调速性能好，控制电路简单、价格低廉等优势，而且启动转矩大、启动电流小，这种调速方式一旦解决了噪声问题和位置传感器存在的不可靠性问题，将更适合在煤矿井下采掘机械中使用。电磁转差离合器调速技术本身比较成熟，它属于改变转差率的交流调速方式，采用闭环系统能得到较大的调速范围，可平滑调速，并具备交流调速和直流调速的双重优点。随着计算机技术在控制系统中的应用，电磁调速电动机电流的精度和性能可以做得更适合采煤机的使用，但它在采煤机上的应用也存在低速性能差、电动机发热等问题。2.国内采煤机的发展历程(1) 购进与仿制世界上第1台采煤机是原苏联生产并开始使用的，我国于1952年购进并使用，与此同时，鸡西煤矿机械厂即开始进行仿制工作，于1954年制造出我国第1台深截式采煤机，即顿巴斯-1型采煤康拜因，随后批量生产。在顿巴斯-1型采煤康拜因的基础上，经过研究、改进和完善，设计制造了多种型式的采煤康拜因，这一时期的采煤机称为中国第1代采煤机。(2) 消化与研制20世纪60年代初，在顿巴斯一1型采煤康拜因的基础上，我国开始自行研制采煤机，1964年生产出MLQ-64型,1968年生产出MLQI-80型浅截式单滚筒采煤机，成为我国第2代采煤机，我国第2代采煤机的特点是截割部滚筒采用摇调高，牵引机构也为钢丝绳牵引，通过应用证明，采用钢丝绳牵引，绳筒磨损严重，使用寿命短，同时牵引力较小，容易拉断而导致伤人和机器下滑事故。该类型采煤机采用了液压传动，具有无级调速和过载保护等特点。(3) 逐步成熟与发展我国于20世纪60年代末70年代初开始研制第3代采煤机即双滚筒采煤机。1975年生产的M巩-170型采煤机，实现了滚筒采煤机由单滚筒向双滚筒的跃进。M巩-170型采煤机的2个可调高滚筒放在采煤机的两端，并利用摇臂调高。牵引机构采用圆环链牵引，提高了牵引力，但不适应大倾角采煤。MXA-300型系列采煤机是西安煤矿机械厂1983年研制生产的大功率无链牵引双滚筒采煤机，采用了三头螺旋滚筒，滚筒转速有所降低，牵引机构采用齿轮一销轨式，传动平稳，消除了链牵引的缺点，机器的使用寿命延长，增设了副牵引部和可靠的液压制动装置，可用于大倾角()煤层而不需要设防滑安全绞车，提高了工作效率，加大了生产力。MG132/320-W新型液压牵引采煤机是由泰山建能公司、煤炭科学研究总院、新汉矿业集团联合研制完成的。该采煤机采用滚筒式采煤机发展趋势的多电机横向布置，液压牵引系统打破常规，采煤机牵引部泵箱把长期使用的“湿腔”布置分离液压元件改为“干腔”布置，实现了采煤机液压系统的创新提高。该机在同类采煤机设计中达到了国内先进水平。3.国内采煤机的发展展望国内电牵引采煤机代表机型与目前国外最先进的电牵引采煤机相比，在总体参数性能方面已接近国外20世纪90年代中后期水平。但在一些关键部件以及总体性能、功能、适应范围还有待进一步完善和提高。尤其是电牵引采煤机的工况在线监测、故障诊断及预报、信号传输与采煤机自动控制、传感器件等智能化技术与国外相比还有一定的差距。针对这些差距，今后国内电牵引采煤机的主要发展方向应包括以下几个方面:(1)进一步完善和提高交流变频调速牵引系统的可靠性，重点完善和提高系统装置的抗振、散热和防潮等性能，研究可靠的微机电气控制系统，重点提高采煤机电控系统的抗干扰、抗热效应的能力。(2)开发或增强电控系统的监控功能，重点研究故障诊断与专家系统、工况监测、显示与信息传输系统、工作面采煤机自动运行控制系统、自适应变频电路的漏电检测与保护技术、摇臂自动调高系统等。(3)以开发装机功率更大的采煤机为主，完善中、小功率的电牵引采煤机，以满足不同用户的需求。(4)向电器设备结构的小型化发展，由于功率的增大，电动机、变压器、变频器等设备的体积也相应增大，为满足整机结构布置紧凑的要求，进一步提高采煤机对煤层变化的适用性，必须研究电器设备小型化的技术途径。Development Status and development of domestic Shearer1. The status of the domestic MinerForeign developed the first Taipower Traction Shearer in 1976. 1991, in cooperation with the China Coal Research Institute Shanghai Branch company, successfully developed Chinas first Taiwan AC frequency control of the G344-PWD type thin seam strength to climb floor electric traction shearer, good performance, electrical Traction Shearer became the first fourth-generation shearer. 2005 Shanghai Branch of China Coal Research Institute has developed a total installed power of 1815kW of power shearer. Subsequently, more powerful electric traction Shearer MG900 / 2215-GWD also come out of the control of Shearer reached the international advanced level, is currently the most powerful shearer. If long arm, maximum cutting height can reach a record 6m, which Shearer is fully able to meet domestic high yield and efficiency of coal mine production. At present, the domestic use of the AC electric traction shearer speed control system are mainly three kinds: AC frequency control system, switched reluctance motor drive system (SRD), electromagnetic slip clutch speed control system. Speed principle different, but basically can be part of the point system and traction motor section. In these three kinds of AC traction speed control system, the AC frequency control technology has many advantages due, in power shearer applications have to mature, and the governor has become a mainstream way of mesh coal, its main feature is : Good start performance can be directly soft start; AC variable speed power belongs to the same type of slip control system, therefore high efficiency. With the development of computer technology and high-power electronic components, AC variable frequency speed performance and accuracy comparable to DC converter. SRD technology in the shearer though started soon, but with growth potential, it has a simple AC variable speed motor structure, brushless commutator advantages, there are also good speed DC drive system, the control circuit is simple, the price inexpensive, and other advantages, and starting torque, starting current, this speed is not the way to solve the reliability problem if the noise problem and position sensors exist, will be suitable for use in coal mine underground mining machinery. Electromagnetic slip clutch control technology itself is relatively mature, it belongs to alter slip AC variable speed mode, a closed-loop system can get a larger speed range, speed smoothly, and with AC and DC speed control governor dual advantages. With computer technology, electromagnetic speed motor current accuracy and performance in the control system can be made more appropriate use of the shearer, but it is also used in the presence of poor shearer speed performance, the motor heat problem.2. Development of domestic Shearer(1) purchase and imitationTaiwan is the worlds first production of Shearer and the former Soviet Union began to use our purchasing and use in 1952, at the same time, Jixi Coal Mine Machinery Factory imitation began work in 1954 to create Chinas first deep-Taiwan Shearer cut, namely the Donbass coal Kang bein type 1, and then mass production. On the basis of type 1 Donbass coal bein on health, through research, to improve and perfect the design and manufacture of various types of coal Kang bein shearer this period is called the first generation of Chinese mining coal.(2) digestion and Development20 in the early 1960s, in the Donbass coal mining Compak-1 type on the basis of a result, China began to develop its own Shearer, 1964 produced MLQ-64 model, in 1968 to produce MLQI-80-type shallow cut formula single drum shearer, and has become the second-generation shearer, our second generation shearer drum cutting unit is characterized by the use of shaking to increase the traction mechanism for wire rope traction by applying proven, the use of wire rope traction rope cylinder wear serious, life is short, while traction is small, easy to pull off and cause injuries and machinery falling accidents. This type of shearer with a hydraulic drive with variable speed and overload protection features.(3) the gradual maturation and developmentChina in the late 1960s and early 1970s to develop the third generation that is double-drum shearer Shearer. 1975 production of M Gong -170 Shearer, Shearer achieved by a single drum to double drum leap. M Gong -170 Shearer 2 can raise on both ends of the shearer drum, and increase the use of the arm. Ring chain traction mechanism using traction, improves traction, but not suited to the steep inclined coal. MXA-300 series shearer Xian Coal Mining Machinery Plant in 1983 to develop and produce high-power double chainless haulage shearer, using a three spiral drum, drum speed has decreased, the traction mechanism using a pin-track gear , smooth transmission, eliminating the disadvantages of chain traction, extended life of the machine, the addition of traction unit and vice reliable hydraulic braking device that can be used large angle () without the need to set up non-slip safety seam winch, improve work efficiency, increased productivity. MG132 / 320-W new hydraulic traction shearer built by Tarzan energy company, China Coal Research Institute, jointly developed new Chinese Mining Group completed. The shearer shearer loader trends using multi-lateral arrangement of motors, hydraulic traction system to break the routine, shearer haulage unit pump housing to long-term use of wet chamber arranged separate hydraulic components to dry chamber arrangement to achieve the innovation to improve shearer hydraulic system. The aircraft reached the advanced level in the same Shearer design. 3. Domestic ShearerChina Electric Traction Shearer representative models compared to currently the most advanced electric traction Shearer, general parameters in terms of performance levels close to foreign late 1990s. However, some key components and overall performance, functionality, adapt the scope to be further improved and enhanced. Especially intelligent technology and there is a gap operating condition monitoring, fault diagnosis and prediction, signal transmission and automatic control of the shearer, sensors and other foreign compared to electric traction shearer. In response to these gaps, the future of domestic electric traction shearer main direction of development should include the following aspects:(1) to further improve and enhance the AC variable speed traction system reliability, focus on improving and enhancing vibration, heat and moisture and other properties of the system devices, research and reliab
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