中考英语知识点：完形填空技巧（基础讲解）

1、 完形填空技巧 【真题再现】完形填空1：(武汉)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。There is an old English saying, Laughter is the best medicine. One person certainly would have agreed with this is Norman Cousins.Norman Cousins was the editor of a magazine called Saturday Review for almost forty years. He also(1) and spoke a

2、bout world peace and anti-war issues(反战议题), traveling to many different countries to share his (2).In the 1960s, after returning to the United States from a busy and tiring trip to Europe. Mr. Cousins got (3). He discovered he had a strange disease that caused great pain in his bones(骨头). In less th

3、an a week after he got back, he could not (4) it. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to (5) at night. The doctor told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure (治疗) his problem and he might never (6) the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope.Mr. Cousins though

4、t that the illness could be caused by(7) thoughts. He did not want to take (8) to cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness.He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching comedy shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that

5、 ten minutes of (9) laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.Deciding that the (10) could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could(11) his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins(12) in the hotel room watchi

6、ng comedy shows on television, reading amusing books, and sleeping whenever he felt (13). Within three weeks, he felt well enough to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for (14).After a few months, Mr. Cousins was (15) to carry on his work. He had laughed himself back

7、to health.1. A. laughedB. taughtC. wroteD. copied2. A. magazinesB. subjectsC. photosD. ideas3. A. richB. sickC. lonelyD. famous4. A. stand B. realizeC. faceD. improve5. A. dreamB. eatC. shoutD. sleep6. A. go throughB. look afterC. get overD. find out7. A. unhappyB. pleasantC. sillyD. clever8. A. foo

8、dB. timeC. medicineD. money9. A. unusualB. falseC. realD. wild10. A. friendsB. laughterC. experimentD. doctors11. A. beginB. endC. continueD. report12. A. rested B. workedC. studiedD. played13. A. well B. tiredC. afraidD. worried14. A. helpB. exerciseC. freedomD. fun15. A. ableB. safeC. lazyD. uncer

9、tain完形填空2： (2017 河北)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。A teacher was giving a talk to his students on stress(压力) managementHe raised a glass of water and asked them, “How 1 do you think this glass of water is?”The students began to think and 2 Their answers are different, from 20g to 500g.“It does not

10、 matter on the real 3 It depends on how long you hold itIf I hold it for a 4 it is OKIf I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my right armIf I hold it for a day, you will have to call a 5 It is the exact same weight, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it becomesWhat we have to do is to pu

11、t the glass down, 6 for a while before holding it up again.”“If we carry our burdens(负担) 7 , sooner or later, we will not be able to carry onThe burden will become increasingly heavierWe have to 8 the burden every now and then, so that we can be refreshed and are able to carry on.”So 9 you return ho

12、me from work tonight, put the burden of work downDont carry it back homeYou can pick it up tomorrow.Whatever burdens you have, let them down for a moment if you canAnd learn to 10 ourselves.Life is short but amazingEnjoy it!1. Aheavy BfullCmuchDlong2Aread Bwatch CguessDlisten3Aglass Bweight CwaterDh

13、eight4Aminute Bnight CdayDweek5Amother Bteacher CdoctorDfriend6Arest Bshake ClookDwork7Athis timeBsome other timeCnext timeDall the time8Agive up Bput down Cpick upDthink about9AafterBsinceCbeforeDuntil10AsaveBhelpCcareDrelax【答案与解析】完形填空1：1. C。句意：Norman Cousins在一个杂志作编辑作了40年，他也写关于世界和平及反战的议题。根据他的职业和后文s

14、poke可知答案，故选C。2. D。根据前文中Mr. Cousins的职业是editor可知他去不同的国家分享自己的想法可知选D。A. magazines杂志；B. subjects科目；C. photos照片；D. ideas想法。3. B。句意：在上世纪60年代，当他从一次去欧洲的繁忙旅行回来之后，Cousins先生病了。根据后文中strangedisease可知选B。4. A。A. stand忍受；B. realize意识到；C. face面对；D. improve提高。根据后文对病情的描述可知他受不了疾病的痛苦，故选A。5. D。A. dream梦想，做梦；B. eat吃；C. sho

15、ut喊叫；D. sleep睡觉。后文中得知是夜晚无法入眠，故选D。6. C。A. go through经历，经受；B. look after照顾；C. get over恢复健康；D. find out发现，查明。从前文theydidnotknowhowtocurehisproblem句意：医生告诉Cousins先生他们不知道怎样治愈这种疾病，他可能不会恢复了。getover康复，故选C。7. A。A. unhappy不开心的，不快乐的；B. pleasant令人愉快的； C. silly愚蠢的；D. clever聪明的。根据常识，导致疾病的肯定是不快乐的想法和思绪，故选A。8. C。A. fo

16、od食物；B. time时间；C. medicine药；D. money钱。能治疗疾病的肯定只有药物，而非食物、时间或金钱，故选C。9. C。A. unusual不寻常的；B. false错的；C. real真正的；D. wild野的。从前文中看完漫画和动画片得知发自内心的笑可以治疗疾病，故选C。10. D。A. friends朋友们；B. laughter笑；C. experiment试验； D. doctors医生。后文说Mr. Cousins离开医院故此处肯定是他觉得医生帮不了他，故选D。11. C。A. begin开始；B. end结束；C. continue继续；D. report报

17、告。从前文可知他待在酒店就是为了继续试验笑容治疗疾病的方法，故选C。12. A。A. rested休息；B. worked工作；C. studied学习；D. played玩。从前文可知他待在酒店是为了休息，故选A。13. B。句意：八天来，Cousins先生在这个旅馆的房间里休息，观看电视上的喜剧节目、读有趣的书，当他累的时候就睡觉。A. well好的，身体好的；B. tired累的；C. afraid害怕的；D. worried担心的。故选B。14. B。句意：三周内，他就感到身体已经足够的好，可以去波多黎各去度假。A. help帮助；B. exercise锻炼；C. freedom自由；

18、D. fun有趣的，娱乐。Mr. Cousins经过治疗，已经可以在海滩跑步锻炼了，故选B。15. A。A. able能；B. safe安全的；C. lazy懒的；D. uncertain不能确定的。几个月以后，Cousins能够继续工作了。beableto能够，选A。完形填空2： 1. A。heavy意为“重的”；full意为“满的”；much意为“多的”；long意为“长的”。由下文“from 20g to 500g”。可知，此处询问的是这杯水有多重，故选A。 2. C。read意为“读”；watch意为“观看”；guess意为“猜测”；listen意为“听”。由下文“Their answ

19、ers are different”可知，学生并不知道水的重量，他们只是在猜测，故选C。 3. B。glass意为“玻璃杯”；weight意为“重量”；water意为“水”；height意为“高度”。由下文“It depends on how long you hold it.”可知，这杯水到底有多重并不重要，故选B。 4. A。minute意为“分钟”；night意为“晚上”；day意为“白天”；week意为“星期”。由下文“If I hold it for an hour.If I hold it for a day”可知，此处指如果将这杯水举一分钟，没有问题，故选A。 5. C。moth

20、er意为“母亲”；teacher意为“老师”；doctor意为“医生”；friend意为“朋友”。由上文和常识可知，如果将一杯水举一天，就需要叫医生了。故选C。 6. A。rest意为“休息”；shake意为“摇动”；look意为“看”；work意为“工作”。句意为：我们必须要做的是放下杯子，休息一会儿后再把它举起来，故选A。 7. D。句意为：如果我们一直承受负担，我们迟早会扛不住的。all the time意为“总是，一直”，符合文意，故选D。 8. B。give up意为“放弃”；put down意为“放下”；pick up意为“捡起”；think about意为“思考”。由上文“Wha

21、t we have to do is to put the glass down”可知，负担越来越重时，我们必须偶尔卸下负担，故选B。 9. C。由下文“Dont carry it back home.”可知，在今晚下班回家之前，放下工作上的负担。before意为“在之前”，符合文意，故选C。 10. D。save意为“节省”；help意为“帮助”；care意为“照看”；relax意为“放松”。由下文“Life is short but amazingEnjoy it!”可知，生活很美好，但也很短暂，我们应学会放下负担，学会放松自己，故选D。【用法讲解】考试要求完形填空主要考查学生综合运用语言

22、的能力，要求学生从语篇层次上把握语言材料，在阅读理解的基础上进行逻辑推理，综合运用所学习的语言知识。完形填空主要考查对于文章上下文的理解和把握能力；对于词汇的意义和用法的理解和运用能力；根据生活常识进行推理和判断能力；对于习惯用语和短语的固定搭配掌握能力。1. 完形填空的命题方式：完形填空一般是200多个单词的短文，有目的地删除一些单词，留下空白让学生去还原。多数试题设计1015个空，但是短文的第一个句子一般不设计空白。大部分试题是提供四个选项让学生选择能够填入空白处的最佳答案。也有部分试题是不提供选项，留下空白让学生去填所缺的单词。第三种试题是把删除的单词打乱顺序放在方框内让学生选择。2.

23、完形填空的题型：完形填空题所提供的短文大部分是记叙文，也有说明文和议论文。短文的题材广泛，可能包括幽默故事、英国文化知识、环境保护和学生校园生活等。完形填空考查的重点主要集中在下面这些方面：（1）词汇题，可能是近义词的用法辨析或者是动词、名词、形容词、副词等词义和用法等，学生通过对上下文内容可以较容易地找出答案。（2）常见固定搭配和习惯用法题，一般涉及到动词短语、介词短语等的搭配和用法。（3）逻辑分析题，必须在掌握全文的主旨大意的前提下，通过对故事的线索、短文各段的逻辑关系、短文内容之间的逻辑关系及人物情感的发展等的分析和理解，选出答案。中考完形填空综合了语法知识、阅读理解和逻辑推理等方面的知

24、识点，更加注重语言知识的应用性，突出了对运用语言的能力的考查。3. 做完形填空测试题应遵循的三个步骤：(1) 通读全文，了解大意这是做好完形填空题的前提，也是减少做完形填空题盲目性的重要步骤，对于命题中的逻辑推理、上下文及情景语境方面的内容起着决定性作用。每篇文章都有一个主题思想，段与段之间有承上启下、前呼后应的句子，段与段、句与句之间紧密相连从而形成一个有机整体。因此在做完形填空的时候一定要一气呵成去读短文，不要中断思路，对于一些不能理解的细节，如生词可以跳过去。另外，在阅读的时候要特别注意短文的开头句子和结尾的句子，因为这些句子一般不设计空白，给学生提供必要的背景信息和结果结论。(2) 仔

25、细推敲，初定答案在通读全文，了解大意的基础上开始答题。答题时要根据短文的内容和要求，结合短文的主题思想，对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。要弄清空缺词句的确切含义，并对每一个空白的四个选项进行认真分析，反复推敲。空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，还要综合运用学过的知识，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化及逻辑推理和生活常识等角度考虑，有把握的答案一锤定音，把握性不大的可以先初定答案，做好符号，以便于下一步检查和推敲。(3) 再次通读全文，锁定最佳答案在完成前两个步骤的基础上，再检查是确信自己所选择的答案准确性的一次检阅。实际上是对短文和答案的又一次快速浏览。本

26、次阅读的目的是调整、修改和完善自己做题的过程。因为在原来紧张的答题过程中，会有一些我们无法确定或者粗心造成的错误，在这次重新阅读中被发现、被修改。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。最后一次阅读全文也是检查所选择的答案是否能够保证短文的意思完整、语义合理、语法正确的关键步骤。 注意：验证答案、修正错误时着重注意：1)文章是否顺畅；2)所填单词是否是最佳选项；3)所填单词是否有拼写错误。实例说明：通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从所给的A、B、C三个选项中

27、选出一个最佳答案。Imagine this: your parents go away on business, but you have to stay at home alone. Would life be as easy as usual? Would it be a perfect holiday for you?Zheng Chenyu says that she would worry “Where would I find food? 1 would I cook it?” The 14-year-old girl says that she knows 2 about coo

28、king.“I can fill an empty stomach with tomato and egg soup, but thats all. I think many of my classmates are the same. We wouldnt know what to do, or how to 3 ourselves,” said Zheng. “And I would 4 something important. I would probably watch television and then burn the soup.” Although Zheng believe

29、s that basic life skills, such as cooking and washing clothes, are especially important, she doesnt think teenagers get enough practice.“As soon as I leave home, Ill learn to cook. But now 5 do almost everything for us. Were very 6,” she said.Most teenagers only have time for their homework. They do

30、nt learn any life skills until they go to college.7, Sima Yige doesnt think so. “I think I would be all right. I wouldnt just eat sandwiches 8 fruit. I know how to cook some simple dishes because my mum showed me,” the 13-year-old boy said. “In his 9, many teenagers depend too much on their parents,

31、 and there is much more to learn than cooking, like tidying up your room or even dressing 10 properly.”For most teenagers, it wouldnt be a holiday at all.1. A. How B. What C. Which2. A. many B. much C. little3. A. look at B. look after C. look for4. A. remember B. forget C. know5. A. teachers B. par

32、ents C. teenagers6. A. lazy B. crazy C. clever7. A. HoweverB. Whatever C. Whenever8. A. so B. or C. yet9. A. way B. life C. opinion10. A. you B. your C. yourself【答案与解析】1A。本题考查特殊疑问词。句意为：我怎样做饭呢？how表示“如何，怎样”，故选A。2C。本题考查代词的用法。many表示“很多”，指代可数名词；much表示“很多”，指代不可数名词；little表示“很少”，指代不可数名词。根据上文的描述可知，此处表示“她对做饭知

33、道的很少”，故选C。3B。本题考查动词短语辨析。look at的意思是“看”；look after的意思是“照顾”；look for的意思是“寻找”。句意为：我们不知道做什么，或者怎么样照顾自己。故选B。4B。本题考查动词辨析。remember的意思是“记住”；forget的意思是“忘记”；know的意思是“知道”。根据下文的“我可能会看电视，然后把汤烧糊”可知，此处表示“我会忘记某些重要的事情”，故选B。5B。本题考查名词辨析。teacher的意思是“老师”；parent的意思是“父母”；teenager的意思是“青少年”。根据上文的“在家中做饭的问题”可知，此处表示“父母几乎为我们做任何一

34、件事情”，故选B。6A。本题考查形容词辨析。lazy的意思是“懒惰的”；crazy的意思是“疯狂的”；clever的意思是“聪明的”。根据上文的“父母几乎为我们做任何事情”可知，此处表示“我们很懒惰”，故选A。7A。本题考查副词辨析。however的意思是“然而”，表示转折；whatever的意思是“无论什么”；whenever的意思是“无论什么时候”。根据“Sima doesnt think so”可知，此处表示“转折”关系，故选A。8B。本题考查连词的用法。so表示因果关系；or表示选择关系；yet表示转折关系。句意为：我不仅仅吃三明治和水果。故选B。9C。本题考查名词辨析。way的意思是

35、“方式，方法”；life的意思是“生活”；opinion的意思是“观点”。In ones opinion的意思是“在某人看来”，此处表示“在他看来”，故选C。10C。本题考查代词的用法。dress oneself的意思是“打扮自己”。根据上文“打扫房间”可知，此处表示“适当打扮自己”，故选C。4. 完形填空解题技巧：(1）总体把握通读完形填空的短文时，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。选择答案时要从全文主旨大意和短文情景出发，不能只根据某一句子来选择，因为有时如果不考虑上下文时，四个选项有时都可以填入空中。例如上面“实例说明”中：The 14-year-old girl says that she knows 2 about cooking. A. many B. much C. little 只有根据上文叙述，才知道这个女孩对于做饭了解很少，正确答案是C。如果没有上文推断，只从备选项看，