非谓语动词学案(很全面)

1、非谓语动词基本概念及用法 It is not an easy thi ng to master a Ian guage. To see is to believe. Seeing is believ ing. Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the n ext meeti ng. 动词不定式to do现在分词v-ing过去分词v-ed Thinking about these examples: the bridge to be built 将建造的桥，the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge

2、 built已经建好的桥 二、谓语与非谓语的比较 非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作 任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you ， 而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式to visit。因此同学们要特别注意弄 清句子的结构。 例: Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time. A. to standB. standingC. stoodD. would sta nd 分析：stood是与sat并列的谓

3、语。 非谓语动词的语法功能 所能充当的成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾语补 足语 定语 状语 V-ing 形 现在分 词 动名词 不定式(to do) 过去分词(done) Exercise：找出“非谓语动词”，并判断作何成分 My suggestion is to start work at once. They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. Have you anything to declare? He bought a bicycle to go to tow n more quickly. Did you see

4、anyone en ter the house? He saw his father talking with his teacher. I once heard him sing this song. The boss made them work from morning till ni ght. They were made to work from morning till night. The situati on is en courag ing. She looked disappo in ted. They lived in a room facing (= that face

5、d) the south. The house sta nding (= that sta nds) at the corner of the street was built in 1955. Is this the book recomme nded by our teacher? The meeti ng held last week is very importa nt. The meet ing being held is very importa nt. The meeting to be held next week is very important. 非谓 语 形式 构成 时

6、态 语态 复合结构 否定式 主动 被动 不定 式 一般 式 to do to be done for sb. to do sth. 或 of sb. to do sth. 在 to ”前加not 或 never 进行 式 to have done to have bee n done 完成 式 to be doing / 完成 进行 式 to have bee n doing / 动名 词 一般 式 doing being done sb.或 sbs doing 作主语要用 sbs doing 在前加not 特别注意复合结构 的否定式： sbs not doing sbsnothav ing

7、done 完成 式 hav ing done hav ing bee n done 现在 分词 与动名词变化形式相同 在前加not 做宾语的非谓语动词比较 情况 常用动词 只接不定式 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend. 做宾语的动 man age, agree, afford, determ ine, promise, happe n 词 只接动名词 mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise,suggest, finish, escape, excuse, 做宾语的

8、动 appreciate, admit, preve nt, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist 词或短语 feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, g ret down to, be engaged in, in sist on, thi nk of, rbe proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote on eself to, be worth, be busy, pay att

9、ention to, stick to 两者都可以 意义基 本相同 beg in, start, like, love, hate, prefer, con ti nue （接不定式多指具体的动 作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为） need, want, require （主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动兵关系，接 动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式） 意义相 反 stop to do停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事 stop doing停止正在做的事 意义不 同 remember/forget/regret to do （指动作尚未发生） remember/forget/regr

10、etdoing （指动作已经发生） go on to do （接着做另外一件事） go on doing （接着做同一件事） try to do （设法，努力去做，尽 力） try doing （试试去做，看有何结 果） mean to do （打算做，企图做） mea n doing （意思是，意味着） can help （to） do （不能帮忙 做） can help doi ng （忍不住要做） be considered to have done 被认 为已经做了 considerto be 认为是 consider doing考虑做某事 一. 作主语 表示经常性，常用动名词作主语，

11、 表示某一次，常用动词不定式作主语， 有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时， 1. is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 要么都用动名词 A. The walk B. Walki ng C. To walk D. Walk 2. To an swer correctly is more importa nt tha n. A. that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly D. finish quickly 答案：1. B 2. C

12、考点1.动名词的完成式一般不做主语 1）It wascomputer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons. （D为什么不行？） A. to have played B. play ing C. played D. havi ng played 2）the homework made his father lose his temper. （但复合结构可以） A. The boy not having done B. The boy not having done C.

13、The boy having not doneD. The boy having not done 答案：1. B 2. A 二. 作宾语动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语 考点2.有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语 这类及物动词常见的有： agree （同意）,ask （请、要）,attempt （试图）,afford 付得起 agree同意ask要求apply申请 care （想要），choose （决定、要），decide （ 决定）,desire （希望），determine （决心），help 帮助 expect （期望）,fail （未能）,hope （希望）,intend （打算）,learn

14、 （学习）,manage （设法）,offer （愿 意），plan （计划、打算），pretend （假装），refuse （拒绝、谢绝），wish （希望）等等promise 答应 want想要 wish希望 考点3.有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语 下列动词习惯上可接动名词作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语： admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 consider 考虑 delay 推迟 deny 否认 discuss 讨论 dislike 不喜欢 enjoy 喜爱 escape 逃脱 excuse 原谅 fancy 设想 finish

15、 完成 forbid 禁止 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 imagine 想像 keep 保持 mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 没赶上 pardon 原谅 permit 允许 practise 练习 prevent 阻止？摇 prohibit 禁 止put off 推迟report报告risk冒险stop停止suggest建议understand 理解feel like想做 某事 考点4.有些动词即可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别 forget ，remember跟动名词作宾语，记得还是忘了以前做的事。跟不定式，还未作 mean to do, 打算作某事；

16、mean doing, 意味着 try to do ,尽力作某事；try doing,尝试着作某事 want / n eed/ require doing sth,表示被动； regret doi ng sth.对做过的某事表示后悔；regret to say,很抱歉的说 like/ hate doi ng, 经常性的， like/ hate to do, 特定的某一次 be/get used to doing习惯于做某事，used to do 过去经常做某事 be used to do 被用来做 can help doin g=ca n help but do忍不住做某事can help （

17、 to） do 不能帮助做某事 stop doing 停止正在做着的某事；stop to do 停下来做别的事情 go on doi ng 继续做原来做的事go on to do 接着干别的事情 Word资料 forbid/allow doing someth ing; forbid/ allow somebody to do someth ing 考点5. except, but后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词do的形式，不用to,否则要带to 1) There is nothing to do excepttill it stops snows. A. to wait B. wait in

18、g C. wait D. waits 2) Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything butthe flowing of the smog around me. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy 答案：1. C 2. A 三. 作表语 考点6.表示将来某一次时常用动词不定式作表语，表示经常性性时常用动名词作表语 (表示某一次，如果主语中有do时，不定式省略to) 1) Her wish isan engin eer. A. beco mingB. becomeC. to

19、 become D. being come 2) Some people greatest pleasure is. A. fish ingB. to fish C. to be fish ingD. being fish 3) What Yang Liwei wan ted to do whe n he got out of the spaceship wasthe joy with all the Chin ese. 4) A. share B. shared C. havi ng shared D. about to share 答案：1. C 2. A 3. A 考点7. Rema i

20、n to be done还有待于，还要看 - 1) It rema inswhether Jim will be fit eno ugh to play in the fin als. A. see n B. to be see n C. see ing D. to see 2) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remainswhether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be see nC. see ing D. see n 答案：1. B 2. B 四

21、. 作定语 现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式都可作定语，作定语时，看与所修饰词之间的关系 如果构成主动关系，(表正在进行)，用现在分词 如果构成被动关系，(已完成)，用过去分词 表将来具体某一次，用动词不定式： 动名词作定语，表功能，如a swimming pool, a swimming fish, 前者为动名词，后者为现在 分词 五. 作状语 非谓语作 状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系。和句子主语构成主动关系时，用现在分词作 状语，如： 1) The secretary worked all ni ght long,a long speech for the preside nt. A.

22、to prepare B. prepari ng C. prepared D. was prepari ng 和句子主语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作状语，如： 2) to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last. A. Take nB. Taking C. Hav ing take nD. Being take n 表示为了”，常用不等式作状语，这时，状语动词动作发生时间与句子谓语动作时间相比, 是将来，例如： 3）late in the morning. Bob turned off the alarm. A. To

23、 sleep B. Sleepi ng C. Sleep D. Havi ng slept 分析：例1. Prepare与work是同时的，又是主动，因此选 B 例2和句子主语构成被动关系，因此选 A 例3和句子主语构成主动，又有为了之意，因此选A 考点8.结果状语 现在分词作结果状语时，表示一种自然的结果 动词不定时作结果状语，表示一种出乎意料的结果 1) The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February1,2003,all seve n astr o

24、n auts abroad. A. havi ng killed B. killi ng C. bei ng killed D. killed 2) I went to see him,him out. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. to finding 3) 【10 江苏】 28. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,the stude nts to retur n to their classro

25、oms. w A. en abli ngB. hav ing en abledC. to en ableD. to have en abled 1. B 2. C 3. A 考点9.目的状语 动词不定式常作目的状语 1) 【2011 浙江卷】19. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city by their en thusiastic supporters. A. being cheeredB. be cheered C. to be cheeredD. were cheered 2) 【

26、2011 重庆卷】29.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be producedpeople concern over food safety. A.to raiseB. raisi ngC. to have raisedD. hav ing raised 答案：1. C 2. A 考点 10. Have- in doing 句式 Have difficulty/trouble/a problem/ a good time/a bad time in doing someth ing 略，此时-ing为现在

27、分词，相当于时间状语 中in可以省 Word资料 1) You can never imagine what difficulty I haveyour house. A. foundB. findingC. to find D. for finding 2) Having bee n ill in bed for n early a mon th, he had a hard timethe exam. A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. pass ing 3) 【08 四川卷 4】 We had an anxious couple of weeksfor the

28、 results of the experiment. A. waitB. to be waiti ngC. waitedD. wait ing 答案：1. B 2. D 3. D 六. 作补语： 非谓语动词作补语时，要看其与句子宾语之间的关系 考点11.和宾语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作补语， 1) The traffic problem we are looking forward to seeing_ should have attracted the local government attention . A. solvi ngB. solved C. to solve D. sol

29、ve 2) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to seethe next year. A. carry out B. carry ing out C. carried out D. to carry out 答案：1. B 2. C 考点12.和宾语构成主动关系时，用现在分词作补语， catch somebody doi ng somethi ng逮住某人做某事 Leave somebody doing someth ing Find somebody doing someth ing Keep somebody doi

30、ng someth ing 考点13.动词不定式作宾补 甲.一感二听看有五，let, make, have 后面宾补不带to 即：feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, observe, notice, look at ;，后不带 to 不过感官动词后也可跟现在分词作宾语，表示看到听到时动作正在进行；跟省略to的不定式 作宾补时，强调看到听到了整个过程或事实 例：I saw him run into the building.（整个过程） just the n, I heard some one calli ng for help.（ 正在进行 ） 乙.常用带to

31、的不定式做宾补的动词 Want/ would like/ask/tell/get somebody to do someth ing 丙.Help后面宾补可以带to也可不带to （其后直接跟宾语时，带to不带to均可 She ofte n helps her mother （ to） do house work. She ofte n helps ( to) do house work. 丁 作宾补时主动语态中不带to的变为被动时要带to 1) -Why did you sell this old TV at such a low price? -I did only because I wa

32、s madedo so. A. do B. to do C. doing D. to doing 2) Paul doesn have to be made. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learni ng 3) . The areoplane was noticedat six. A. take offB. to take offC. get off D. to get off 答案：1. B 2. B 3. B 2.Have后宾补的几种情况 Have somebody do someth ing让某人做某

33、事 Have somebody doing someth ing让某人一直做某事 Have someth ing done 请另U人做某事 1) Why do you have the waterall the time? A. ranB. to be runningC. runningD. being running 2) You should un dersta nd the traffic rule by now. Youve had itofte n eno ugh. A. explai ning B. to explai nC. explai n D. explai ned 3) W

34、ho did the teacher havean article for the wall newspaper just now? A. writi ngB. write C. to write D. written 4) 【08 上海春卷 39】If we have illegal immigrantsin, many local workers will lose their jobs A. cameB. comingC. to comeD. havi ng come 5) 【2011 陕西卷】14.Claire had luggagean hour before her pla ne

35、left. A. check B. check ingC. to check D. checked 答案：1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. D 七. 非谓语的完成式 动词不定式、现在分词都有完成式。主要是把非谓语的动作和谓语的动作相比较，非谓语的动 作发生在谓语动作的前面。与谓语动作是什么时态无关。如： 动词不定式、现在分词的完成式 a letter, he decided to sent a telegram. A. Not receiv ingB. Receivi ng not C. Not hav ing receivedD. Having not received 谓语动作

36、是decide,非谓语动作是decided;没有收到来信在先，然后才决定 -Is Bob still performi ng? -1 am afraid not. He is saidthe stage already as he has become an official. Word资料 A. to have left B. to leave C. to have bee n leftD. to be left 谓语动作是is said,是一般现在时，说明现在情况，非谓语动作是离开舞台；先离开后来人们 才说。 动名词的完成式 I remember havi ng lent you $100

37、, but you have n paid it back. 谓语动作是remember,现在记得；而非谓语lent,应在remember动作之前。不过我们也可说I remember len di ng you $100.动名词的完成式在非正式文体中常用一般式代替。这是动名词的 完成式不常考的原因。 过去分词没有完成式 为什么呢？看下例： that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain. A. Havi ng told B. Havi ng bee

38、n told C. Tell D. Telli ng 非谓语和句子主要构成了被动，但B可以理解为现在分词完成被动式 八. 非谓语的进行式 When the teacher entered ,the pupil pretended to be doing the experiment. He is thought to be hidi ng in the woods. 1) My son pretendedwhen I came back. A. to sleep B. sleep ingC. being sleep ing D. to be sleep ing 2) 【2011 上海卷】 To

39、day we have chat rooms, text messag ing, email ing but we seem the art of com mun icat ing face-to-face. A. los ingB. to be los ingC. to be lostD. havi ng lost 答案：1. D 2 B 九. 非谓语的被动式 1) Who is the mannow? A. operat ing onB. operated on C. being operated onD. to be operated on 2) The buildi ngwill be

40、 completed in a mon th. It will be our lab buildi ng. A. to paint B. being pain ted C. to have pain ted D. pain ti ng 3) The questionnow at the meeting is not the questionyesterday. A. discussed; discussedB. discuss ing; had discussed C. being discussed; discussedD. discuss ing; discuss ing 4) twice

41、 a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. A. Bei ng exam inedB. Exam ined C. Exami ningD. Havi ng bee n exam ined 5) We askedto work in the countryside. A. to be sent B. to send C. to be sending D. sending 答案：1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A 非谓语动

42、词强化训练 I 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. The children all turned (look)at the famous actress as she entered the classroom. 解析：当那女明星走进教室时，所有的孩子都转身看她。用不定式表目的。 答案：to look 2. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit(grow) on his own farm. 解析：早餐他只喝在自家农场种植的新鲜水果制成的果汁。此处用过去分词作后置定语， 表示已经完成及被动的意思。 答案：grown 3. AII o

43、f them try to use the power of the workstati on(prese nt) in formatio n in a more effective way. 解析：句意：他们都努力使用工作站的力量以便用一种更有效的方式提供情报。to prese nt in formati on in a more effective way是不定式短语作目的状语。 答案：to prese nt 4. (bite) twice ， the postma n refused to deliver our letters uni ess we cha ined our dog.

44、解析：由于被咬过两次，除非我们把狗拴起来，否则那邮递员不愿意送信给我们。the postman与bite是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，表被动。 答案：Bitte n 5. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，(kill) all four people on board. 解析：一架小型飞机坠毁于城市以东5公里处的山坡上，机上四人全部死亡。表主动， 用现在分词作结果状语。 答案：killi ng 6. With the governments aid， those (affect) by the e

45、arthquake have moved to the new settlements. 解析：在政府的援助下，那些受地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。用过去分词 affected作后置定语修饰 those。 答案：affected 7. Bill suggested (hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. 解析：比尔建议开会就假期为上海世博会做些什么进行讨论。suggest后接动名词作宾 语。 答案：holdi ng 8. David threatened (report)his ne

46、ighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. 解析：戴维威胁说，他邻居如果不赔偿损失，他就要报案。threaten后接不定式作宾语 且report和David是主动关系。 答案：to report 9. (complete) the project in time ， the staff were working at weekends. 解析：由后半句句意全体工作人员周末都在工作”可知，前半句表示为了及时完成 那个项目”，故用动词不定式作目的状语。 答案：To complete 10. (en courage) by the adva

47、nces in tech no logy ， many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. 解析：受科技进步的鼓舞，许多农民已经在他们的土地上建造了风力发电厂。根据句意， encourage 和farmers是被动关系，因此用过去分词。 答案：En couraged 11. When we visited my old family home，memory came (flood) back. 解析：现在分词短语作方式状语。 答案：flood ing 12. (tire) and short of breath , Andy and Ru

48、by were the first to reach the top of Mou nt Tai. 解析：安迪和卢比第一批到达泰山之巅，筋疲力尽且呼吸困难。形容词作状语，tired 为形容词化的过去分词。 答案：Tired 13. (give) the right kind of training ， these teenage soccer players may one day grow into intern ati onal stars. 解析：如果训练得当，这些小足球运动员有朝一日可能成为国际级球星。主语players 与give是被动关系，用过去分词作条件状语，相当于if they

49、 are given 。 答案：Give n 14. The governmentplans to bring in new laws(force)parents to take more resp on sibility for the educati on of their childre n. 解析：句意：政府计划制定新的法律，迫使父母对孩子的教育承担更多的责任。forcing pare nts to take more respon sibility for the educatio n of their childre n是现在分词短 语作后置定语，修饰laws。 答案：forcin

50、g 15. The play (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. 解析：根据句中时间状语n ext mo nth ，可知这里表示将要发生的动作，所以用不定式， 动词produce与主语the play之间构成动宾关系，所以用不定式的被动形式。 答案：to be produced 16.1 still remember (take) to the Fame n Temple and what I saw there. 解析：remember to do sth. 记得要做某事(该事情未发生)；remembe

51、r doing sth. 记得 做过某事(该事情已经发生)。依据后文的“what I saw there ”可知这里说的是记得已经 发生的事情；再者 take的宾语就是句子的主语，二者间是动宾关系，用被动形式，所 以选 being taken 。 答案：being take n 17. They use computers to keep the traffic (run) smoothly. Word资料 解析：keep sth. doing 表示使某动作持续发生 答案：running 18. With the world changing fast， we have something n

52、ew (deal) with all by ourselves every day. 解析：不定式在这里作后置定语，修饰someth ing，表示要做的事情。其他选项不合题 意。 答案：to deal 19. Michaels new house is like a huge palace ， (compare) with his old one. 解析：compare的逻辑主语是句子的主语Michael s new house，且二者之间为动宾 关系，所以应该用过去分词作状语。 答案：compared 20. At the age of 29， Dave was a worker，(live) in a small apartment near Bost on a