高中虚拟语气学案

1、语法讲解 虚拟语气二 虚拟语气用于从句中，should 可以省略的情况英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。 一虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1.在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest,advise,propose, demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command, ask, request.The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on

2、time.P.S. 当 suggest 表示暗示，说明之意；insist 表示坚持认为，坚持说之意时，从句不用虚拟， 用正常的陈述语气。He suggested that we (offer) our help to them.His puzzled expression suggested that he (not understand) what the American meant.I insisted that the boy (wash) his hands before having supper.I insisted that I (take) the early train t

3、hat morning.2. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。 常见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.（表语从句）We are all for the proposal that t we (should) get rid of the b

4、ad habits.（同位语从句）3.主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在 it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should 可以省 略）这种结构中。1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：If we (have) time now, we ( read )it again.If I (be) you, I ( work )hard.常见的这类形容词有： surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful.常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recomme

5、nded, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested.常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I (know)your telephone number then, I (call) you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：If it (snow) tomorrow, they (

6、not go) out.It was suggested that he (join) the club activities.It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综条件句，动词的 形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If y

7、ou (follow) my advice, you ( be) better now.三从句中 虚拟时态后移 的结构 wish/ if only 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿就好了），其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish 后接一般过去时的从句 表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish 后接过去完成时 表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish 后接 would，could+动词原形 He wish he (buy) the dictionary last Sunday.If I (be) you, I (take) his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)（2）省略 if

8、 的虚拟语气如果从句中含有 were/ should/ had 时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略 if.采用倒装语序。If it should happen, what would you do? , what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over. , he would have come over. I wish I (fly )to the moon in a spaceship one day.(3) 含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以 if 引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或

9、其他形式表 示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but 等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded. But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he (attend) the party. Ho

10、w I wish I (not have) so much homework. If only I (be)a flying bird!If only I (see) the film!2. 在 as if/ as though 引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）1假设种类虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+动词的过去式（动词 be用 were)主语+should,would,might, could动词原形与过去相反If+主语+had +过去分词主语should, would,m

11、ight, couldhave +过去分词与将来相反1.If+主语+动词过去式 2.If+主语+were to do 3.If+主语+should do主语should, would, might, could动词原形主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）He talks as if he (know) all about it.13. The baby smiled as if he (understand) what his moth

12、er (say).14. He talked as if he (do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I (do) most of it.She speaks English well as if he (speak) in America.15. If only we (have) a phone! Im tired of queuing outside the public phone box.He learns English so hard as if he ( go) abroad.16. - “Can we come in l

13、ate tomorrow?” - “Id rather you (come) in on time.”3.在 it is (high) time that 句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用 should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。It is time that we (go) home.17. He looks as if he (be) ill for a long time.18. He always talks as though he (address) a public meeting.P.S.此句型中，注意与It/This is the +序数词+

14、time that+现在完成式的区别。This is the first time that I have been here.4.would rather 后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。would rather +主语+ （表示与现在或将来相反）19. If a metal (heat), it will expand.20. I (stay) home if it rains this evening.would rather +主语+ （表示与过去相反）Part B.Id rather he didnt go now.Id rather you hadnt done

15、 it yesterday.5. 动词 hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think 等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为本想，本打算， 本认为He had meant to buy the furniture last week, but it rained.（他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）Part A..She would call you immediately if she (need) help.If I had seen the movie, I (tell) you all about it now.If he (decide)

16、earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight. I (take) my umbrella with me when I (come) out this morning, I (notbe) so wet now.If you had listened to me, you (not be) in such trouble now..9.I wish they (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work.1.If people (dri

17、ve) more slowly, there wouldnt be so many accidents.It is inconceivable that he (not see) me that day for I (wave) to her.2.If you had worked carefully, you (not make) so many mistakes.What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees (cut) down.3.The boat wouldnt have drifted away, if we

18、(tie) it up.Mr. Jones would rather (stay) home last night.10. Henry would rather that his brother (work) in the same department as he does.4.If I had known you already (have) a typewriter, I (not, buy) one for your birthday.11. Electric current flows through a conductor as though it (be) a fluid.5.I

19、f he (be) here this afternoon I would go with him.12. We (invite) her to the party but we didnt know that she (already, come) back from6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match (postpone).abroad.13. Todays industrial production (be) impossible without the contribution made by the7.But for your help,

20、we (not be) able to finish the work in time.science of physics.14. I hate driving. Id much rather you (drive).8.If it (not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much.9.I wish I (study) hard while I was young.15. The guests (arrive) last night, but there is still no news

21、 about them.10. It is about time that fence (mend).16. Mother (feel) anxious if I came home late.17. Even if I (be) with you then, I (can, not, do) much for you.11. My request is that we (hold) another session to discuss the problem.18. A less conscientious man (not, try) so hard to get this job don

22、e.12. It is strange that the car (break) down at exactly the same place where it (break)19. Do you wish that you (have) a sister like her?down yesterday.20. Isnt it surprising that he (have) two car accidents during the past week?2虚拟语气练习题精选1. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven.A. mus

23、t finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished2. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq.A. leave; forB. leave; toC. left; toD. to be left; for3. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A. had beenB. has beenC. wasD. has gone4. The young man insisted tha

24、t he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; setC. should do; be setB. had done; should be setD. had done; must be set5. I suggested there _ be a kind of language all could understand and use _ .A. can; itB. /;/C. would; itD. may;/6. The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off.A. for; to

25、B. that; beC. which; should beD. to; being37. The order came that the medical supplies to Beijing for the Sars soon.A . can not finish.finishedB. will not finishC. hand not finishedD. could nothaveA. would be sentB. should sendC. be sentD. must be sent8. It is important that we wild animals.20. He d

26、id not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.A. will protectB. should protectC. shall protectD. are protectingA . could express.C. could have expressed.B. would express.D. must have expressed.9. Had you listened to the doctor, you all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would ha

27、ve been21. But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English10. today, he would get there by Friday.Writing Competition.A . would not win.B. would not won.C. would win.D. would have won.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave22. If there were no sub

28、junctive mood, English much easier.11. Should it rain, the crops .A. will be B. would have beenC. could have beenD. would beA. would be savedB. would have been savedC. will be savedD. had been saved23. If she had worked harder, she .12. You come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. would succeed B.

29、 had succeeded C. should succeedD. would have succeededA. wouldB. should haveC. mayD. have24. If he , he that food.13. He treated me as though/as if his own son. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. I amB. I would beC. I wasD. I wereA. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; woul

30、d not have taken14. A few minutes earlier and we the rain.C. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not takenA. have caughtB. had caughtC. could have caughtD. were to catch25. If he me his telephone number yesterday, I able to ring him up now.15. - “Have you ever been to Beijin

31、g?”A. told; would beB. had told; would be- “No, but I wish I ”A. haveB. willC. doD. hadC. had told; would have beenD. told; am16. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise .A. I may have failedB. Id failC. Id have failedD. Ill have failed26. If I you, I to Australia with Mr. Smith.17. - “What will

32、 you do during the summer holiday?”- “I dont know, but its high time something.”A. had been; would goB. were; had goneC. were; would have goneD. am; will goA. Im decidingB. Ill decideC. I decidedD. I decide27. Without electricity, human life quite different today.18. What should we do if it tomorrow

33、?A. is B. will beC. would have beenD. would beA. should snowB. would snowC. snowD. will snow28. Our monitor was absent. Otherwise I the chair.19. But for their help, we the program in time.4A. would not takeB. didnt takeC. hadnt takenD. wouldnt have takenC. should have written it outD. ought to writ

34、e it out29. The experiment has failed!38. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother. I suggest that you again.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had comeA. tryB. tryingC. will tryD. would try39.Why didnt you buy a new car?I would have bought one if I enough money.30

35、. His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan.A. hadB. have hadC. would haveD. had hadA. didnt agreeB. hadnt agreedC. wouldnt agreeD. not agree40.The law requires that everyone his car checked at least once a year.31. The father insisted his daughter a rich man.A. hasB. hadC. haveD. wi

36、ll haveA. would be engaged toB. be engaged to41.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he to the meeting.C. should engage to D. must be engaged toA. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. will come32. She insisted that she ill of him behind him, but he didnt believe.42. , John would not have failed.A

37、. hadnt spoken B. shouldnt speakC. wouldnt speak D. not speakA. If he has listened to meC. If he listened to meB. Had he listened to meD. As he listened to me33. I was really anxious about you. You home without a word.A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have left D. neednt leave43. Had Al

38、ice been more hardworking, she .34. There was plenty of time. She .A. had not failedfailedB. would not have failedC. would not failD. could not beA. mustnt have hurriedB. neednt have hurried44. The chairman requested that .C. must not hurry D. couldnt have hurriedA. the members studied the problem m

39、ore carefullyB. the problem were more carefully studiedC. the problem could be studied with more careD. the members study the problem more carefully45. Jill would rather we now, but we must go to work.35. If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been;

40、 would preventC. were; would preventD. were; would have prevented36. If it for the snow, we the mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbedB. were not; could climbA. not leaveB. had not leftC. didnt leaveD. not to be leftC. had not been; could have climbedD. had not been; could climb46. -“Sha

41、ll I open the window?”-“Id rather .”37. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I for her.A. you had better notB. you dontC. you shouldntD. you didntA. had to write it outB. must have written it out47. If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed, wed there by now.5A. beB. getC. have got at

42、D. have beenA. would be savedsavedB. would have been saved C. will be savedD. had been48. , Gerald would have been a rich man.A. Was he to enter businessC. Had he entered businessB. Were he entered businessD. If he was to enter business60. You such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.A.

43、 may not make B. might not make made用所给动词的适当形式填空：Part A.C. shouldnt have made D. might not have49. If only I how to operate an electronic computer as you do.A. had knownB. would knowC. should knowD. knew50. I would have been able to help him, but I so busy.A. wereB. had beenC. wasD. would be21. If p

44、eople (drive) more slowly, there wouldnt be so many accidents.51. It is desirable that the airplane as light as possible.22. If you had worked carefully, you (not make) so many mistakes.A. wasB. beC. isD. were23. The boat wouldnt have drifted away, if we (tie) it up.52. -“Mrs. Williams can speak Jap

45、anese.”-“But she would rather English with us.”24. If I had known you already (have) a typewriter, I (not, buy) one for yourbirthday.25. If he (be) here this afternoon I would go with him.A. speakB. spokeC. to speakD. had spoken53. John would rather that Jane to the party yesterday evening.26. If it

46、 were to rain tomorrow, the match (postpone).A. did not goB. not goC. had not goneD. wouldnt gone27. But for your help, we (not be) able to finish the work in time.54. The teacher demanded that the exam before eleven.28. If it (not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved soA

47、. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finished D. must be finishedmuch.29. I wish I (study) hard while I was young.55. She made the demand that the journalists at once Iraq.A. leave; forB. leave; toC. left; toD. to be left; for30. It is about time that fence (mend).56. The young man insisted that h

48、e nothing wrong and free.31. My request is that we (hold) another session to discuss the problem.A. did; setB. had done; should be set32. It is strange that the car (break) down at exactly the same place where itC. should do; be setD. had done; must be set (break) down yesterday.57. Had you listened

49、 to the doctor, you all right now.33. The baby smiled as if he (understand) what his mother (say).A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been34. He talked as if he (do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I (do)58. today, he would get there by Friday.most of it.35. If only we (have) a phone! Im tired of queuing outside the public phone box.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leaving C. Were he to leaveD. If he leave59. Should it rain, the crops .36. - “Can we come in late tomorrow?” - “Id r