高考英语语法名词性从句

1、上海高考英语备考训练上海高考英语语法考点：名词性从句名词性从句：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。形容词性从句即定语从句；副词性从句即状语从句；名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词1，从属连词五个： that 无词义，在从句中不做成分，在宾语从句中可省略。 whether ，if 有词义，在从句中不做成分， 不可以省略。 as if, as though不做成分。2，连接代词九个： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, whi

2、ch, whichever，有词义，在从句中做成分，不可以省略。3，连接副词七个： when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however有词义，在从句中做状语，不可以省略。二 . 主语从句1，主语从句：通常由下列词引导：从属连词 that ， whether ；连接代词 what，who，which，whatever， whoever， whom；连接副词 how， when， where，why等。 It is known to us how he became a writer.2，常用 it 作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。谓语动

3、词一般用单数形式。It is a fact that，It is an honor that ，It is common，It is a pity that，It is said that， It seems that, It is natural that3，It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较 : It 作形式主语是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。 it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词 that 引导，强调人时也可用 who 。4，主语从句不可位于句首的情况： It is said /reported ； It happens/o

4、ccurs ；It doesn t matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 if 引导的主语从句不可居于句首，含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时， 主语从句不可提前。 Is it likely thatit will rain in the evening?5，what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is a consolation.三、宾语从句1. 由连接词 that 引

5、导的宾语从句 ， that 在句中不担任任何成分，常被省去。2，用 who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever,whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，保持陈述语序。3，think, believe, imagine, suppose，guess, expect, fancy, consider等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要否定前移。 doubt whether, don t doubt that 4，后面不

6、能接 that 从句的动词有： condemn, force, take, forgive, dislike, refuse, let, like, love, help, admire, allow, celebrate, cause，但可以用不定式，动名词做宾语。5，动词 + it + if/when 从句 , 常用动词有 hate, enjoy, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer I hate it if you say such things in public. Wellappreciate it if you book tickets for us

7、.6，介词+ 关系代词引导的定语从句与介词后的宾语从句的区别。It was a matter of who would take the position.1 / 7上海高考英语备考训练Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.定从： He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.Sarah hopes to have a friend, with whom she can share her interests.四、表语从句1、在复

8、合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后， 有时用 as if。the reason is thatIt isbecauseItappears/seems that It happens thatItturns out thatItlooks as ifIt seems as if2、当主语是 reason 时，表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because。 whether 可引导表语从句，但 if 不可以。You are saying that everyone should be equal and th

9、is is _ I agree此.处用where，因 agree 为不及物动词，与what I agree on 同。五、同位语从句1、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that 引导，that不可以省略 , 可由 whether 引导，不可用 if.2、同位语从句的先行词是一些有限的抽象性名词，如 belief, advice, demand,doubt, possibility, thought, proposal, case, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise,

10、request, suggestion, wish, word,reason, question, truth, conclusion, result.等。而定语从句的先行词可以是任何物和人。3、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1）定语从句是形容词性的，与先行词之间存在所属关系，起修饰限定的作用。同位语从句是名词性的，与先行词是同位或等同的关系 , 起补充说明的作用。2）定语从句中的 that 既代替先行词，同时在从句中作主语或宾语，而同位语从句中的 that 是连词，不充当句中任何成分。The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad nex

11、t year.定从The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 同从， that 不可省略。3） What 不能引导定语从句，但可以引导同位语从句。I didnthave the idea what you mean.4）How, when, where, why 的先行词与从句意义相关时，它们是关系副词，引导定从。不相关时，这些词是连接副词，引导同位语从句。It is a question how he did it.Do you have any idea where he lives.She had no idea why she t

12、hought of him suddenly.He solved the problem why the TV was out of order.There is some doubt whether he will come.以上都是同位语从句。 whether, how 不可引导定从 。The reason why he was late is that he was ill.定从六、名词性 wh-从句wh-词包括 who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和 where, when, how, why

13、 等连接副词。 wh-从句的语法功能除了和 that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等：主语：How the book will sell depends on its author.2 / 7上海高考英语备考训练直接宾语： In ones own home one can do what one likes.间接宾语： The club will give whoever wins a prize.表语：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.宾语补足语： She will name him

14、 whatever she wants to.同位语：I have no idea when he will return.形容词宾语： Im not sure why she refused their invitation.介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.七、 what 引导的名词性从句1，what 的五种用法1）表示 “的东西或事情 ”，相当于 “ the thing that.; all that.; everything that.：He saves what he earns. What Mary is is the secretary

15、玛.丽的职务是秘书。2）表示 “的人或的样子 ”，相当于 the person thatHe is no longer what he was. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?3）表示 “的数量或数目 ”,相当于 the amount/number that Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.4）表示 “的时间 ” ,相当于 the time that ：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smi

16、le.5）表示 “的地方 ” ,相当于 the place thatThis is what they call Salt Lake City.2，有时 what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词I gave him what books I had.What 后可以是复数或不可数名词，不能是单数可数。He gave me what money he had about him. I spent what little time I had with her.3，A is to B what C is to D，what 相当于 as，但在此句型不能用 as 代替 , what 作连词用 , 引

17、导状语从句。 Air is to us what water is to fish.八、 whether 与 if 在作是否的意思时1） 可用 if 的情形：宾语从句一般可用if 或 whether 引导。引导否定的宾语从句，只用 if. 但 wonder, not sure 后可用 whether. I don t care if it doesn t rain. 2） 只用 whether 的情形1) 宾语从句中，在 decide, discuss后，有 or not 时，作介词宾语时， if 会引起歧义时，从句放句首时必须用 whether 。2) 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句及接

18、不定式时。Could you tell me if you know the answer ?Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.Everything depends on whether we have enough money.九，需要用虚拟语气（ should）do 的情形表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等语气和表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义时，从句中的动词要用虚拟语气 “(should) +do。”Itis necessary (important, natural, strange ) that ，Iti

19、s suggested (requested, proposed, desired) that 句型的主语从 句，demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, urge，advice，propose，require， request, command, doubt , suggestion, order, requirement, advice, request, demand等后的宾语从句和表语从句，需要用虚拟语气(should) do。3 / 7上海高考英语备考训练上海高考英语语法练习名词性从句选择填空1. _ you have done migh

20、t do harm to other people.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. This2. They have no idea at all _.A. where he has goneB. where did he goC. which place he has goneD. where he has gone to3. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who4. Upon graduation he asked to b

21、e sent to _.A. where he is most needed B. where he neededC. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed5. These photographs will show you _.A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like6. Can you make sure

22、 _ the gold ring?A. where Alice had putB. where had Alice putC. where Alice has putD. where has Alice put7. No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look likeB. what will man look likeC. man will look like whatD. what look will man like8. _ the Games will be held in Beijing is not kn

23、own.A. Whenever B. IfC. Whether D. That9. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. whichB. thatC. ifD. for10._ you don t like him is none of my business.A. WhatB. WhoC. ThatD. Whether11.It is said _ was all _ he said.A. that that; that B. what what; whatC. that which, whatD. that that, wh

24、at12.He asked _ for the violin.A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid13. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do, he came by car. A. howB. when C. thatD. if14._ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language.A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It15.Sarah h

25、opes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. anyoneB. whomeverC. whoeverD. no matter who16._ we can t get seems better than _ we have.A. What; what B. What; thatC. That; that D. That; what17._ we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. WhetherC. ThatD. Where18.It is generally

26、considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.4 / 7上海高考英语备考训练A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever19. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Where20. It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. whoB. whoeverC. whomD. whomever21. I drove to Zhuhai fo

27、r the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off?A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where22. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever23. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them.A. thatB. whichC. whicheverD. whatever24. _

28、 she couldn understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. That; what B. What; why C. What; because D. Why; that25. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover fromthe serious disease soon.A. whenB. howC. whetherD. why26. _ is no possibility _ Bob can win t

29、he first prize in the match.A. There; thatB. It; thatC. There; whetherD. It; whether27. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants.A. whatB. whichC. whenD. that28. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of priva

30、te cars _road conditions need _.A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving29. Are you still thinking about yesterday s game? Oh, that s _.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited30. We cann

31、ot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.A. thatB. asC. whyD. when31. I think Father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A. whichB. whyC. whatD. how32. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago .A.

32、 whatB. whichC. thatD. where33. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their children s future.A. thatB. howC. suchD. so34. The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _they insist on going by motor-bike.5 / 7上海高考英语备考训练A. whyB. whetherC. whenD. how35. After Yang Li Wei suc

33、ceeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A. whereB. whatC. thatD. how36. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. that37. The other day, my brother drove his c

34、ar down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that38. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether39. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game .A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that40. Dan

35、by left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which41. The way he did it was differentwe were used to .A. in whichB. in whatC. from whatD. from which42. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made.A. whatB. thatC. how

36、D. which43. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether44. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him tostudy abroad.A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that45. _makes this shop different is that

37、it offers more personal services.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhateverD. Whoever46. See the flags on top of the building? That was_ we did this morning.A. whenB. whichC. whereD. what47. Peter insisted _ he pay the bill.A. on thatB. whatC. thatD. on which48. - What did your parents think about your decision?- The

38、y always let me do _ I think I should.A. whenB. thatC. howD. what49. Engines are to machines _ hearts are to animals.A. asB. thatC. whatD. which50. I just wonder _ that makes him so excited.A. why it doesB. what he doesC. how it isD. what it is51. One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give

39、 you a great deal of pleasure.6 / 7上海高考英语备考训练A. howB. whyC. thatD. when52. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _ his teammates had done.A. whatB. whichC. whyD. while53. - It s thirty years since we last met.- But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. when54. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. thatB. whichC. untilD. if