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第六章 英文翻译英文原文：Chute Design In A Large Coal Handling FacilityDavid Charles MorganT.C.C.(Mech .Eng.)MEMNAcknowledgements: The Bionic Research Institute, Chute Design Conference 1991The paper gives a brief overview of coal handling at the Syferfontein Mine, in the Overland Conveyor System, and in the stockyards.The criteria for selection of chute design are discussed, and design alternatives evaluated.David Charles Morgan is Projects Manager (Materials Handling) with Keeve Steyn Inc. He is a member of the Institute of Materials Handling, and has wide experience in bulk materials handling and installation.REQUIREMENT FOR A NEW MINESyferfontein Colliery is an entirely new open cast mine situated at Trichardt in the Eastern Transvaal. The purpose of the mine is to supplement the coal supply to Sasol II and Sasol III factories at Secunda and will produce coal in conjunction with four existing mines in the Secunda area.When fully operational the mine will supply some 7 million tons of coal per annum. This coal will be of a higher grade than that produced from the existing mines and by the mining methods employed, will generate a product with a much lower fines content.To ensure continuity of product quality to the factories it is necessary to both blend the new mines coal with that of the existing underground mines and to homogenize the product to ensure an even distribution of fines. The control of the production of fines on the new mine and the transport systems has been of paramount importance and studies conducted by Sasol on the existing systems have been utilised in the design of the transfer points and the design criteria of the conveyors.MINE OPERATIONCoal is strip mined and transported to the coal preparation plant in trucks with capacities of up to 170 tons. The of mine coal is loaded into a hopper below ground level in the primary crushing building where it is extracted by means of an apron conveyor.-300mm Material is extracted by means of a live grizzly and transported by conveyor direct to the secondary crushing plant. The +300mm material is transported via a second apron conveyor to a jaw crusher where it is broken down to -300mm and dispatched to the secondary crushing plant.Prior to secondary crushing the -100mm product is screened out and the crushing by-passed whilst oversize is broken down to the required -100mm by means of a rotary breaker .Rock present in the product at this point is removed by the rotary breaker and discharged by conveyor onto a waste rock pile. The final product now plus fines generated in the mining and reduction process is delivered to a fines screening plant where the desired portion of -6.4mm product is removed from the final product.Throughput of the mine is such that the handling system and plant is capable of handling 2400 ton/hour of R.O.M coal.A circular stockpile acts as a buffer between the overland transportation system, from which coal may be extracted at 2000 ton per hour.To minimize degradation en-route the overland system has been kept to 3 conveyors of which the first is a slow running collection conveyor. Of the other 2 flights, have been selected at 8 km and 12 km respectively to keep transfer points to a minimum and belt sag has been restricted to 1% to minimize degradation of the coal en route.A splitter bin at the factory distributes coal to either the Sasol II or Sasol III stockyards. The new system at Secunda consists of an additional 2 slewing stackers and 2 barrel reclaimers, together with a distribution system to the existing stackers and a reclaim system to the factories.Despite keeping the transfer points to minimum a total of 30 individual transfers occur from the R.O.M. intake hopper at the primary crushing building to the stockpiles at Secunda. Careful design of the transfer points to keep degradation to a minimum was therefore quite essential.Sasols policy is one of constant improvement and in the process of fixing the conceptual layout many changes occurred both on concept and process requirements. This involved radical changes particularly to the stockyard system from the time of initial conception. This allowed innovative thought to at times complex transfer stations.CHUTE DESIGNCONVEYOR CHUTEWORKTo achieve the objectives of Sasol and the necessity to keep degradation to a minimum it was necessary to move away from conventional chutes. Various types of transfer were investigated, catering from in-line dedicated discharge through to multi-discharge and proportioning chutes.Investigations with Sasol showed that the low headroom curved chute with moving head for multi-discharge was the ideal and enquiries and designs were based on this concept. The specification for the chutes being as follows:CHUTE SPECIFICATIONThe elimination of coal degradation in chutes is of paramount importance and the following are factors influencing the design of degradation free chutes:A large convex curve of the troughed belt to the head pulley circumference ensuring inherently stable belt and payload with the initial trajectory point lying t 5 out bye of the top dead centre of the head pulley.Suitably designed belt transition at the head end ensuring a smooth change of payload cross of payload cross section with minimum surface lump coal movement.Head pulley of larger diameter than necessary by belt requirements ensuring a more compact trajectory.The compaction pressure of the coal , determined from its critical superficial moisture level and upper, lower and average size distribution, critical in determining the initial sliding angle of the coal.Assuring that the coal does not impact on any surface but lands at a low angle of incidence and that free fall is restricted to 500 mm maximum. Preferably coal should slide on the chute for the greatest possible length.The larger sized coal be cushioned by the fines on landing in the chute.Discharge of the coal onto the following belt at a near matching speed and inclined at to prevent possible damage to the belt by gouging, cutting or piercing.All main stream transfer chutes are to consist of the following sections.A first section tangent to the bottom face of the trajectory, tapering from head chute width to chute discharge width and transforming from a rectangular cross section to a semi-circular section with upper vertical sides and top. The tapering sides to deflect loose lumps back to the main trajectory flow. The length and angle of decline of this section to be determined from coal discharge speed.A second section of semi-circular cross section with upper vertical sides and top at 300 and 1 m long ensuring that the top of the trajectory meets the coal already sliding in the chute at a very low angle of incidence.For in-line transfers, the remaining section/s to be as for the second with angle of decline designed to ensure matching discharge coal and receiving belt speed. The length determined by required height of transfer but to be not less than 1 m.For angled transfers, the third section to consist of a circular cross section, the length and angle of decline determined by the angle and height of transfer.The fourth section for angled transfers to consist of a semi-circular cross section with upper vertical sides and top with a minimum length of 2 m at 30 .For a longer section, the last 2m to be at 30 with the angle of decline of the remainder determined by calculation.It is required that tests be conducted on the coal to be transported, with the assistance of a neutral body chosen by the contractor and approved by Sasol, before chute designs are finalized.Chuting shall be manufacturer in mild steel.The chuting shall be of the same thickness of metal throughout and be fabricated in lengths with a rigid angle framework at the ends for bolting the chuting together to ensure easy access to pulleys. No section of chuting shall exceed 3m in length or 3 t in mass, including liners.Transfer chute design shall be such that the material feed onto the succeeding conveyor is central and in the direction of conveyor travel. All inside surfaces in contact with the conveyed material shall be free from projecting bolts, rivers, high edges, plug etc.Starting and stopping of the belt shall be taken into consideration in the design of the chutes and the chutes shall be capable of accepting the overrun of material, without spillage of any material.The width of the loading chute shall not be greater than 2/3 of the receiving belt measured at the point where the material discharges onto the belt.Flanges of chutes shall be fully welded along the inside of the chute. Welding along the outside may be staggered except where corrosion can occur.For ease of maintenance access, the non-material carrying side of the chute shall be removable in panels which can be manhandled. These panels shall be securely bolted to the body of the chute and to each other for the full width of the panel, to provide rigidity and contain dust. Each panel shall be equipped with suitable lifting handles or lugs for ease of handling.Ceramic tile liners shall be provided wherever wear can occur and these shall be adequately fastened to prevent dislodging under all conditions of material flow. Liners shall be easily replaceable and/or interchangeable where possible. Each tile to be fastened to the chute body or alternatively, every third row to be secured to the chute body.Joints shall be made to fit exactly to eliminate turbulence in the conveyed material and any inequalities shall be removed. Similarly casings shall not protrude on the inside of chutes.Dribble chutes receiving fines from the belt cleaners or larger sizes during start-up or stopping and depositing it directly onto the following belt for inline transfer or belt feeder for angled transfer, shall have vertical sides where possible to prevent material build up.RUN OF MINR FEED CHUTESVRN 400 liners shall be provided wherever wear can occur, these shall be adequately fastened to prevent dislodging under conditions of material flow. Liners shall be easily replaced and/or interchangeable where possible. The Contractor is to deliver a complete set of steel templates for the manufacture of spare liners, and the cost of such templates is to be included in the tender price. The maximum mass of any one liner shall be 25 kg with maximum wider of 500 mm gaps between liners shall not exceed 5mm.Joints shall be made to fit exactly to eliminate turbulence in the conveyed material and any burrs or inequalities shall be removed before. Or during erection. Similarly bolt or screw or nuts shall not protrude on the inside of chutes.Dribble chutes receiving fines from the belt cleaners or larger sizes during start-up or stopping and depositing it directly it directly onto the following belt or in-line transfer or belt feeder for angled transfer, shall have vertical sides where possible to prevent material build up.The principle ado pted in the in-line transfer on the overland system was that at normal running speeds the coal leaving the head pulley would be projected across an opening and would be caught on a shallow angled sloping face of the chute throat where the coal would slide in a controlled manner onto the next conveyor.SYFERFONTEIN COLLIERY TYPICAL OFFSET TRANSFER NORMAL RUNNING CONDITION汉语翻译：斜槽沟在A里设计 大型煤炭经营设备 大卫查尔斯摩根 T.C.C.(技工。 英国)MEMN 认证： 生物电子装置研究院，斜槽沟设计会议1991 文章给在Syferfontein我的处理的煤的简短概述，以及在陆上的输出入差损补偿制里，和在牲畜栅。 斜槽沟设计的选择的标准被讨论，并且设计选择评价。 大卫查尔斯摩根是基夫斯泰恩股份有限公司的工程经理(材料处理)他是一名操作材料的研究所的成员， 并且大批有广泛的操作经验的材料和安装一座新矿的要求。 Syferfontein是一座新开煤矿，位于Trichardt的我的在那些东Transvaal内。 矿的目的是补充煤在Secunda 提供到Sasol II 和Sasol III家工厂， 并且将与在Secunda地区的4 座现有的矿一道生产煤。 完全操作时矿每年将提供大约700万吨煤。 与由现有的矿产生的那相比较，这煤将具有更高的等级，和以雇用的采矿方法， 将有非常低罚款含量产生一种产品。 为了保证工厂得到产品质量的连续性，都混合新我的是必要的煤， 由于存在的地下矿的和使这种产品均匀保证一种罚款的平稳的配给。 罚款关于新我的和运输系统的生产的控制已经具有 在现有的系统上Sasol 处理的最高的重要性和研究已经被在转运站的设计和输送装置的设计标准过程中利用。 煤是开采并且运输到煤的带准备用最多170吨的容量赋予卡车。 我的煤被装进漏斗在下面在哪里已经通过盖板输送装置选出的那些主要压坏的大楼地面。 -300毫米材料被选出通过一活灰色和运输以输送装置指向几那些二次压坏植物。 +300mm 材料被经由第2 盖板输送装置到一台下巴破碎机运送，在那里它被毁坏成-300mm并且发送到压坏植物的二次。 在压坏那些-100mm 产品的二次之前被挡开和压坏给开旁路当时太大被坏到被要求的-100mm， 通过旋转的断路器。 存在于这种产品的岩石在这点被旋转的断路器除去并且被到浪费岩石堆上通过输送装置卸。 在采矿过程中产生的现在的这种最后的产品和罚款和削减过程被交付到筛选工厂的罚款， 这里-6.4mm 产品的被要求的部分被从这种最后的产品除去。 矿的流量是如此以至处理系统和植物能处理2400吨/小时R.O.M 煤。 圆的积压作为在陆上的运输系统之间的一个缓冲区，其中煤可能被以每个小时2000吨选出。 在使堕落减到最小在途中陆上系统遵守哪个第1 一慢跑收集输送装置的3 输送装置。 其它2次航班， 已经被8点选择 分别控制转运站到最低限度的公里和12 公里和腰带下跌在途中使煤的堕落减到最小是限制到1%的。 在工厂的一个分解器箱子将煤分配给Sasol II或者Sasol III个牲畜栅。 新系统在Secunda由另外的2个旋转的堆垛工和2个桶reclaimers组成， 以及一销售制度与现有堆垛工和一恢复的系统给工厂。 尽管控制转运站到最低限度共30次个人的转移从R.O.M. 吸入漏斗发生， 在积压的主要决定性的大楼在Secunda。 控制堕落到最低限度的转运站的详细的设计因此十分必要。 Sasol s 政策是恒定的改进之一，在修理概念的布局过程中很多变化关于概念和工艺要求发生。 这从最初概念以来到牲畜栅体制包含彻底的变化特别是。 这对有时复杂的传送站允许革新的想法。 斜槽沟设计 输送装置CHUTEWORK 为了达到Sasol和需要的目标控制堕落到最低限度，从传统的斜槽沟移开是必要的。 不同类型转移调查，备办食物从成队奉献直达多解除卸和使斜槽沟均衡。 调查与显示低巷道高度弄弯与移动一起的斜槽沟的Sasol一起走向多解除是理想和调查和设计基于这个概念。 斜槽沟如下的说明： 斜槽沟说明 消除煤堕落在斜槽沟里是最重要的，如下内容是影响堕落免费斜槽沟的设计的因素： 一条troughed带的大的凸的曲线到保证天生稳定的带子和净载重量的头滑车周长， 由于最初轨道点躺出于头滑车的最高的正中心的再见的t 5。 在首部结尾用最小表面块煤运动保证一种净载重量横断面的净载重量十字架的顺利的变化适合设计带子为过渡。 头更大的直径的滑车保证一条更小型的轨道的必要以腰带要求。 煤的紧密程度压力， 根据它的临界的表面的水分水平和上面决定，更低和平均颗粒分布，在确定最初滑动的煤的角度过程中关键。 向煤不对任何表面有影响保证但是土地在一低入射角和免费下降限制到最大的500毫米。 尽可能煤应该在尽可能大的长度的斜槽沟上滑动。 更大的依大小排列的煤在在斜槽沟里登陆之后被罚款缓冲的冲击。 煤到下列带子上的解除在一近相配速度并且倾斜对 通过凿孔，切或者尖锐防止可能的对这条带子的损害。 全部主要溪转移斜槽沟将由以后的章节组成。 一条第一个部分切线到轨道的最后的表面， 从头斜槽沟宽度渐减到斜槽沟卸宽度，从矩形的横断面改变到一个半圆的部分用上面垂直的边和顶。 将松散的块偏斜回主
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