[专业英语考试复习资料]专业八级分类模拟241

1、专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟241专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟241专业八级分类模拟241LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE T

2、HAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minu

3、tes to check your work. The Difference between Spoken and Written English . Definition of speech and writing two different 1 methods of communication speech: the 2 of transmission of language writing: marking a surface with words . Necessity of knowing the difference acquire language skills 3 and co

4、mpletely learner aspires to grip and command . Differences between spoken and written English physical difference 4 substance: medium used in speech graphic substance: hand creating marks on a surface difference in the use of 5 degree of formality: spoken English is less formal no 6 no role of spell

5、ing 7 the rules of grammar speakers make efforts to learn correct 8 features of speech: 9 , active and not last long no time lag between production and reception no time for 10 contain loudness, tempo, rhythm, intonations and pauses aided by 11 and gestures difficulty in learning: written English is

6、 easier do not come with an accent take better advantage of 12 than of accent reasonably simple to master . Tips for language learner pay heed to both forms 13 14 the language 15 all the important aspects (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1.答案:independent听力原文 The Difference between Spoken and Written English Goo

7、d morning everyone, todays lecture is about the difference between spoken and written English. Speech and writing are two independent methods of communication. Speech is the oral medium of transmission of language, i.e. the spoken language Writing involves marking a surface with words that convey on

8、es thoughts and ideas and as Crystal remarks written English has provided the standard that society values, and its relative permanence and worldwide circulation have given it a very special place with the life of the community. Every language learner aspires to have good grip and command over both

9、spoken and written language. Failure in expressing either of them will render him ineffective and incomplete when it comes to acquiring language skills in true sense of word. Both forms of language, therefore, are very important. They differ from each other to a great extent. Following are some of t

10、he major differences in both spoken and written language. One difference that exists between speech and writing is the distinction between the phonic and the graphic substances. The former is the medium used in speech, where the vocal organs produce air-pressure movements. The latter is used in writ

11、ing, which consists of the hand creating marks on a surface. However, this physical difference is not the only factor that distinguishes the two mediums. There are also differences such as the use of grammar and vocabulary which also differ according to whether the person is speaking or writing to c

12、onvey information. On top of the above, spoken English is very informal while written English is formal. No punctuation is needed in spoken English because we are aided by facial expressions, gestures, body language to express our meaning effectively and properly. On the other hand, written English

13、is ineffective and handicapped without proper use of punctuation. Many speakers are bold and confident at the time of speaking. But most of them find themselves lacking in confidence and reluctant to write because they know that once they write, their words are recorded and they cannot defend themse

14、lves. Their mistakes are exposed in writing. In spoken English, there is no role of spelling. But spelling does play a very important role in writing. Many good speakers are found being a horrible speller of the word. Their spelling lowers their image and impression among their colleagues and their

15、readers. Speakers often ignore some of the basic rules of grammar, for they are only interested in conveying their messages. They do not stick to the rules of grammar. On the other hand, writing is never accurate and impressive unless it is grammatically correct and error-free. Therefore, all the gr

16、eat and successful waiters give grammar its due importance in their writings. Spelling is what creates problems for many writers, and in the same way pronunciation is a problem for many speakers. Many speakers find it difficult to pronounce the words correctly. They have to make efforts to learn cor

17、rect pronunciation while writers have no such worries. Speech is time-based, active and does not last long. There is no time lag between production and reception and given the spontaneity and speed with which speech is produced there is no time for planning. We usually think while talking and this r

18、esults in looser construction, repetition, rephrasing and comment clauses such as Jack is ugly, I think. Nevertheless, speech also contains loudness, tempo, rhythm, and other intonations and pauses that cannot be easily transmuted to the written form. Facial expressions and gestures often aid meanin

19、g as well as deictic expressions which refer directly to the situation. These features can all be contained in speech but are not written down with much effectiveness. Hearing and understanding spoken English can be more difficult than understanding written English for another very simple reason ; w

20、ritten English usually does not come with an accent. Accent is different to dialect, although they often go together. English in the written form can take better advantage of dialect than of accent. Where an accent will be the sound a speaker makes when using a specific set of words relating to the

21、locality they were raised, but the words remain the same, a dialect is a pattern of language use that may substitute new words or meanings to existing words. Actually, written English is reasonably simple to master, especially if you are only going to use it in the written form. Spoken English is mu

22、ch harder to learn, and use effectively. With so much difference between these two forms of English, it is prime duty of every one aspiring to become a good language learner to pay heed to both forms equally to have good command over English. If one is able to do so, he is sure to win admiration and

23、 appreciation from his readers and listeners to the great extent. To conclude, a good language learner always respects the language he intends to learn. Therefore, he takes keen interest in acquiring this language, not leaving any important aspect untouched and uncovered. Such a learner is always su

24、ccessful. Ok, today, we have discussed the differences between spoken English and written English. To sum up, spoken English and written English differ in the aspect of medium as well as whether it is informal or formal, time-based or not, simple or hard to learn and so on. Next time, well continue

25、to talk about it further. 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，口语和写作是两种独立的交流方式，故答案为independent。 2.答案:oral medium考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，英语口语是语言传播的口头媒介，所以填oral medium。 3.答案:effectively考点 本题设题点在时间状语从句处。 根据听力原文可知，如果没有良好的口语及书面表达能力，从实质上讲，学习者就不能有效、完整地掌握语言技能，故答案为effectively。 4.答案:phonic考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，口语和书面语的一个区别是声音介

26、质和符号介质的差别，故答案为phonic。 5.答案:grammar and vocabulary考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，口语和书面语在语法和词汇的使用上也有不同，所以填grammar and vocabulary。 6.答案:punctuation考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，口语中无需标点符号，故答案为punctuation。 7.答案:ignore考点 本题设题点在结果处。 根据听力原文可知，由于演讲者只对传递信息感兴趣，所以他们常常忽略语法的基本规则。此空需要填入一个动词，故答案为ignore。 8.答案:pronunciation考点 本题考查重要细

27、节。 根据听力原文可知，演讲者必须努力学习正确的发音，而从事写作的人则没有这种担忧，所以填pronunciation。 9.答案:time-based考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，口语以时间为基础，鲜活且持续时间短。此处需填一个形容词，故答案为time-based。 10.答案:planning考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，语言输出与语言接收之间没有时间间隔，并且由于语言的自发性和语速特点，说话者无法对所说的内容做好提前规划，所以填planning。 11.答案:facial expressions考点 本题设题点在并列关系处。 根据听力原文可知，面部表情和手势常常

28、有助于了解表达的含义以及直接与情形有关的指示词语，故答案为facial expressions。 12.答案:dialect考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，书面形式的英语能更好地运用方言而不是口音，故答案为dialect。 13.答案:equally考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，鉴于英语口语与书面语之间的诸多差异，为了学好英语，给予口语和书面语同等的重视是每个渴望学好语言的人的首要职责。此处需填入一个副词，故答案为equally。 14.答案:respect考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，总的来说，一个好的语言学习者总是会很尊重他想要学习的语言，所以填re

29、spect。 15.答案:cover/touch考点 本题设题点在结果处。 根据听力原文可知，因此，他对掌握这门语言会非常感兴趣，不会忽略任何重要的方面。此空需填入动词，故答案概括起来为cover或touch。 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the

30、 interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1.A.Boosting your brainpower.B.Fighting a

31、gainst Alzheimer.C.Fighting against breast cancer.D.Helping with severe cognitive repairment.答案:D听力原文 M: This morning on Todays Health, we are going to pump you up. You know, working out is obviously good for your body, but this weeks Newsweek Magazine reports there is new evidence it can boost your

32、 brainpower and fight disease as well. Miriam Nelson is an associate professor at the Friedman School of Nutrition at Tufts University. Miriam, nice to see you, how are you doing? W: Very well. Thanks for having me. M: So, we are talking about rigorous, aerobic exercise, clearly good for your body.

33、Explain to me in laymans terms if you can now, about this new research that says it can also help your brain grow new nerve cells. W: Thats right, What weve known for years is that individuals who are physically active have reduced risk of getting Alzheimers disease. Weve also known that people with

34、 mild cognitive impairment also have improved function with exercise. Theres some very new research just coming out, which is very exciting. And what is seen is its taken 11 individuals, and put them on a about 3 or 4 months course of aerobic exercise4 days a week, an hour. And what theyve seen thro

35、ugh MRI Scan is people are actually growing new nerve cells. M: And more new nerve cells mean what to me is someone in my age group. W: Yeah, my age group, too. M: OK, our age group too, right. W: What we are seeing is that the new nerve cells are growing. Theyre increasing a web and theyre weaved a

36、nd connecting. Its all the interconnections of the nerve cells. When you get those connections, your brain functions better, primarily this is in the executive functioning part of the brain. We are looking at multi-tasking, memory, problem solving, name recognitionlot of things that start to decline

37、 as we get older. M: I am sure a lot of people watching this right now, Miriam Nelson. Can I make up for lost time? I dont have a history of exercising throughout my life. Now in 45, 50 years old, if I start exercising now, do I make a difference? W: Well, certainly. The data we show right now is ex

38、ercising in your 40s and 50s. Hopefully we want to start a little bit earlier, but in your 30s, 40s and 50s, it will make a difference for reducing the risk of getting Alzheimer as you get older. And theres even newer research with children that is also very exciting. Which of the following function

39、s about working out is not found by researchers? 本题设题点在功能用途处。根据听力原文可知，新研究显示，运动能够促进大脑的发育并抵抗疾病，还能够减少患老年痴呆症的几率，对轻微的大脑认知损伤也有改善作用，但没有提到对严重的认知损伤有帮助，因此D为正确答案。 2.A.She is working in college.B.Her study shows workout is good for our brains.C.She is about 45 years old.D.Her research subjects are female.答案:D听力

40、原文 Which of the following statements about Miriam Nelson is INCORRECT? 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，米里亚姆是塔夫斯大学弗里德曼营养学院的副教授，故排除A；根据听力原文可知，她的新研究表明大量的有氧锻炼有助于大脑长出新的神经细胞，由此排除B；根据听力原文可知，米里亚姆和采访者的年龄相当，而听力原文表明采访者的年龄是45到50之间，所以排除C。原文并未提及米里亚姆的研究对象都是女性，因此D为正确答案。 3.A.Executive function.B.Memorizing function.C.Problem solv

41、ing function.D.Name recognition function.答案:A听力原文 What are interconnections of the nerve cells in the brain primarily beneficial for? 本题设题点在时间状语从句处。根据听力原文可知，神经细胞连接时，大脑的运作会更好，主要是大脑中主管执行功能的部位运作会更好，因此A为正确答案。 4.A.Supportive.B.Oppositive.C.Neutral.D.Indifferent.答案:A听力原文 Whats Miriams attitude towards the

42、 interviews idea about starting working out now? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，采访者问道自己现在才开始锻炼能否有用，而米里亚姆对此给予了肯定的答复，并且在听力原文中进一步解释了锻炼对减少老年痴呆症的患病几率有用，由此可以推出米里亚姆对于采访者现在开始锻炼的想法持支持的态度，因此A为正确答案。 5.A.People in their childhood.B.People in their 20s.C.People in their 30s.D.People in their 40s and 50s.答案:B听力原文 Which of

43、the following people are NOT mentioned as to the brain power boosting? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，运动不仅对四五十岁的人有好处，对三十至五十来岁的人减少老年痴呆症的患病几率、增加脑细胞连接都有帮助，而新的研究显示，运动对孩子也有比较积极的影响，但没有提及二十来岁的成年人，因此B为正确答案。 (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 6.A.The research conducted by Newsweek Magazine.B.The research conducted by the Friedman S

44、chool.C.The Nurses Health Study.D.The California Teacher Study.答案:D听力原文 M: Let me switch gears now and turn into the subject of the connection between rigorous exercise and preventing breast cancer. A study showed that there was a drop between 26 and 40 percent even if you take the lower end of that

45、 spectrum. That is significant. W: Its a very large decrease. So, one of the first studies with the Nurses Health Study followed 3,000 people for 14 years and they saw between a 26 to 40 percent decrease in death and recurrence in individuals who already had breast cancer. This newest study, the Cal

46、ifornia Teacher Study, followed 110,000 women from the earlier mid-90s up until 2002 and they saw that the women that were exercising the most had the greatest reduction in breast cancer, as you said, about 31 percent, about 5 hours a week. M: What about the impact of exercise on the breast cancers?

47、 W: Weve always thought that it was through some kind of hormone, because when you exercise, you have lower levels of it. So we thought that was a reason that you got the disease. M: So to wrap things up, for a woman who gets a diagnosis of breast cancer is difficult, does it make sound that the fir

48、st thing you would tell that woman to do is go out and start exercising? W: Well, see your doctor and get a very good medical team and then make sure that exercise is an adjunct to that, and the research that we are doing at the Friedman School is showing that we can get a lot of people exercising, so its really important for your brain as well as reducing your risk of breast cancer. And as a woman with a history of