土木工程专业英语词汇集锦

1、精品文档土木工程专业英语词汇（整理版）第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分：1 Fin ite Eleme nt Method有限单元法2 专业英语 Specialty En glish3 水禾 U 工程 Hydraulic Engin eeri ng4 土木工程 Civil Engin eeri ng5 地下工程 Un dergro und Engin eeri ng6 岩土工程 Geotech ni cal Engin eeri ng7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engin eeri ng8 桥梁工程 Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程 Tunnel E

2、ngineering10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering12 港口工程 Port Engin eeri ng13安全性safety17 木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure19 混凝土结构 concrete structure20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢- 混 凝土复 合结构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土 reinforced concr

3、ete24 钢筋 rebar25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构 statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically in determ in ate structure28 桁架结构 truss structure29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure30 近海工程 offshore engineering31静力学statics32 运动学 kinematics33 动力学 dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed

4、bearing36弹性力学elasticity37塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics40 土力学 soil mecha nics41 水力学 hydraulics42 流体力学 fluid mechanics43 固体力学 solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 压力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体力 body force49 重力 gravity50 线荷

5、载 line load51 弯矩 bending mome nt52 扭矩 torque53 应力 stress54 应变 stai n55 正应力 no rmal stress56 剪应力 shearing stress57 主应力 prin cipal stress58 变形 deformatio n59 内力 internal force60偏移量 挠度deflection61 沉降 settlement62屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力 axial force64 允许应力 allowable stress65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam67 壳 sh

6、ell68 板 plate69 桥 bridge70 桩 pile71 主动土压力 active earth pressure72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure73 承载力 load-beari ng capacity74 水位 water Height75 位移 displaceme nt76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics78 经纬仪 altometer79水准仪level80 学科 discipli ne81 子学科 sub-discipli ne82 期干刊 journal ,perio

7、dical83 文献 literature84 国际标准刊号 ISSN International Standard Serial Number85 国际标准书号 ISBN International Standard Book Number86 卷 volume87 期 nu mber88 专著 mono graph89会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文 thesis, dissertation91 专利 pate nt92档案 档案室archive93国际学术会议conference94 导师 advisor95学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生 do

8、ctorate student97 研究生 postgraduate98 工程索弓丨 El Engineering Index99 科学引文索引 SCI Scienee Citation Index100 科学 技术会议论文集索引 ISTP Index to Scienee and Tec hnology Proceed ings101 题目 title102 摘要 abstract103 全文 full-text104参考文献refere nee105联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词 Subject107 关键字 keyword108 美国土木工 程师协会 ASCE A

9、merican Society of Civil Engineers109 联邦公路总署 FHWA Federal Highway Administration110 国际标准组织 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法 an alytical method112 数值方法 numerical method113 计算 computation114 说明书 in structio n115 规范 Specification. Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1. geotech ni cal engin eeri ng岩土工程2. fo

10、 un dati on engin eeri ng基础工程3. soil, earth土4. soil mecha nics土力学5. cyclic load ing周期荷载6. unl oadi ng 卸载7. reloadi ng再加载8. viscoelastic foun datio n粘弹性地基9. viscous damp ing粘滞阻尼10. shear modulus 剪切模量11. soil dyn amics土动力学12. stress path应力路径13. nu merical geotecha nics数值岩土力学二.土的分类1. residual soil残积土 g

11、roun dwater level地下水位2. gro un dwater 地下水 groun dwater table地下水位3. clay min erals粘土矿物4. sec on dary mi nerals次生矿物5.la ndslides 滑坡6. bore hole colu mnar section钻孔柱状图7. e ngin eeri ng geologic inv estigati on工程地质勘察8. boulder 漂石9. cobble 卵石10. gravel 砂石11. gravelly sand砾砂12. coarse sand 粗砂13. medium sa

12、nd 中砂14. fi ne sa nd细砂15. silty sa nd粉土16. clayey soil粘性土17. clay 粘土18. silty clay粉质粘土19. silt粉土20. sa ndy silt砂质粉土21. clayey silt粘质粉土22. saturated soil饱和土23. un saturated soil非饱和土24. fill (soil)填土25.overc on solidated soil超固结土26. normally con solidated soil正常固结土27. un derc on solidated soil欠固结土28.

13、zo nal soil区域性土29. soft clay软粘土30. expa nsive (swelli ng) soil膨胀土31. peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33.froze n soil冻土24. degree of saturati on饱和度25. dry unit weight干重度26. moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=I nternatio nal Society for Soil Mecha nics and Geotech nicalEngineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1. Darcy s law达西定律

14、2. pipi ng管涌3. flowi ng soil流土4. sa nd boili ng砂沸5. flow net流网6. seepage 渗透（流）7.l eakage 渗流8. seepage pressure渗透压力9. permeability渗透性10. seepage force渗透力11. hydraulic gradie nt水力梯度12. coefficie nt of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1. soft soil软土2. （ negative） skin friction of drive n pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3. effec

15、tive stress有效应力4. total stress总应力5. field vane shear stre ngth十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7. se nsitivity灵敏度8. triaxial test三轴试验9. fo un dati on desig n基础设计10. recompact ion再压缩11. beari ng capacity承载力12. soil mass土体13. c on tact stress （pressure）接触应力（压力）14. co ncen trated load集中荷载15. a semi-i nfinite el

16、astic solid半无限弹性体16. homoge neous 均质17.isotropic 各向同性18. strip footi ng 条基19. square spread footi ng方形独立基础20. un derly ing soil （stratum ,strata）下卧层（土）21. dead load =susta in ed load恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short - term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.lon g-term tran sie nt load长期荷载25. reduced load折算荷载26. set

17、tleme nt沉降27. deformati on变形28. casi ng 套管29. dike=dyke 堤（防）30. clay fractio n粘粒粒组31. physical properties物理性质32. subgrade 路基33. well-graded soil级配良好土34. poorly-graded soil级配不良土35. no rmal stresses正应力36. shear stresses剪应力37. pri ncipal pla ne主平面38. major (in termediate, mi nor) prin cipal stress最大(中、

18、最小)主应力39. Mohr-Coulomb failure con ditio n摩尔-库仑破坏条件40. FEM=fi nite eleme nt method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42. pore water pressure孑 L隙水压力43. preco nsolidatio n pressure先期固结压力44. modulus of compressibility压缩模量45. coeffice nt of compressibility压缩系数46. compressio n in dex压缩指数47. swelli ng i

19、n dex回弹指数48. geostatic stress自重应力49. additio nal stress附加应力50. total stress总应力51. fi nal settleme nt最终沉降52. slip line 滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavati on 开挖（挖方）2 dewateri ng（基坑）降水3 failure of fou ndation基坑失稳基坑围护（基坑）底隆起孔压分布4 braci ng of foun dati on pit5 bottom heave=basal heave6 retai ning wall 挡土墙降低地下水位法 井点

20、系统（轻 深井点真空井点7 pore-pressure distributi on8 dewateri ng method9 well point system10 deep well point11 vacuum well point12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavati on支撑开挖14 braced sheet ing支撑挡板七. 深基础-deep foundation1. pile foun dati on桩基础1) cast - in-place灌注桩沉管灌注桩机控异型灌注桩divi ng casti ng cast-i n-place pile b

21、ored pile 钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-i n-place pile piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2) belled pier fou ndati on钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foun datio n钻孔扩底墩un der-reamed bored pier3）precast con crete pile预制混凝土桩4）steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5）prestressed con crete pile预应力混凝土桩p

22、restressed con crete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2. caiss on foun dati on沉井（箱）3. diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4. frictio n pile摩擦桩5. e nd-beari ng pile端承桩6. shaft竖井；桩身7. wave equati on an alysis波动方程分析8. pile caps承台（桩帽）9. beari ng capacity of si ngle pile单桩承载力10.lateral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验.ultimate lateral resista

23、nee of si ngle pile单桩横向极限承载力12. static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13. vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15. high-rise pile cap高桩承台16. vertical ultimate uplift resista nee of si ngle pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17. sile nt pili ng静力压桩18. uplift pile抗拔桩19. a nti-slide pile抗滑桩20. pile groups群

24、桩21. efficie ncy factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（n）22. efficie ncy of pile groups群桩效应23. dy namic pile testi ng桩基动测技术24. fi nal set最后贯入度25. dy namic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26. pile in tegrity test桩的完整性试验27. pile head=butt桩头28. pile tip=pile poin t=pile toe桩端（头）29. pile spaci ng 桩距30. pile plan 桩位布置图31.

25、arra ngeme nt of piles =pile layout桩的布置32. group actio n群桩作用33. e nd beari ng=tip resista nee桩端阻34. sk in（ side） fricti on=shaft resista nee桩侧阻35. pile cushi on桩垫36. pile drivi ng（by vibratio n）（振动）打桩37. pile pulli ng test拔桩试验38. pile shoe桩靴39. pile noise打桩噪音40. pile rig打桩机九.固结 consolidation1. Terzz

26、aghi s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2. Barraon s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3. Biot s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over con solidation rati on (OCR) 超固结比5.overc on solidati on soil超固结土6. excess pore water pressure超孔压力7. multi-dime nsional con solidati on多维固结8. on e-dime nsio nal con solidati on维固结9. pri

27、mary con solidatio n主固结10. sec on dary con solidati on次固结11. degree of con solidati on固结度12. co nsolidation test固结试验13. c on solidation curve固结曲线14. time factor Tv时间因子15. coefficie nt of con solidati on固结系数16. preco nsolidatio n pressure前期固结压力17. pri nciple of effective stress有效应力原理18. co nsolidatio

28、n un der K0 con dition K0固结十.抗剪强度 shear strength1. undrained shear stre ngth不排水抗剪强度2. residual stre ngth残余强度3.lo ng-term stre ngth长期强度4. peak stre ngth峰值强度5. shear strain rate剪切应变速率6. dilatatio n剪胀7. effective stress approach of shear stre ngth剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8. total stress approach of shear stre ngth抗剪

29、强度总应力法9. Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔一库仑理论10. a ngle of in ternal frictio n内摩擦角.cohesion 粘聚力12. failure criterio n破坏准则13. va ne stre ngth十字板抗剪强度14. unconfined compressi on无侧限抗压强度15. effective stress failure env elop有效应力破坏包线16. effective stress stre ngth parameter有效应力强度参数十-.本构模型-constitutive model1. elastic

30、 model弹性模型2. non li near elastic model非线性弹性模型3. elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4. viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5. bo undary surface model边界面模型6. Du ncan-Cha ng model 邓肯张模型7. rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8. cap model盖帽模型9. work softe ning加工软化10. work harde ning加工硬化.Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性

31、模型13. Mohr-Coulomb yield criterio n莫尔库仑屈服准则14. yield surface屈服面15. elastic half-space fou ndatio n model弹性半空间地基模型16. elastic modulus弹性模量17. Wi nkler fou ndation model文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力-bearing capacity of foundation soil1. p un chi ng shear failure冲剪破坏2. ge neral shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failur

32、e 局部剪切破坏4. state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5. critical edge pressure临塑荷载6. stability of fou ndation soil地基稳定性7. ultimate beari ng capacity of foun dati on soil地基极限承载力8. allowable beari ng capacity of foun dati on soil地基容许承载力十三.土压力-earth pressure1. active earth pressure主动土压力2. passive earth pressure被

33、动土压力3. earth pressure at rest静止土压力4. Coulomb s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5. Rankine s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析-slope stability analysis1. a ngle of repose 休止角2. Bishop method 毕肖普法3. safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4. Felle nius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6. sli

34、ces method 条分法 十五.挡土墙-retaining wall1. stability of retai ning wall挡土墙稳定性2. fou ndation wall基础墙3. co un ter retai ning wall 扶壁式挡土墙4. ca ntilever retai ning wall悬臂式挡土墙5. ca ntilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6. gravity retai ning wall重力式挡土墙7. a nchored plate retai ning wall锚定板挡土墙8. a nchored sheet pile wa

35、ll锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物-sheet pile structure1. steel sheet pile 钢板桩2. rei nforced con crete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3. steel piles钢桩4. woode n sheet pile 木板桩5. timber piles木桩十七.浅基础-shallow foundationl. box foun datio n箱型基础2. mat(raft) foun datio n片筏基础3. strip foun dation条形基础4. spread footi ng扩展基础5. compe nsated f

36、oun dati on补偿性基础6. beari ng stratum 持力层7. rigid foun dation刚性基础8. flexible foun datio n柔性基础9. embedded depth of fou ndati on基础埋置深度10. net foun dati on pressure基底附加应力11. structure-fo un dati on-soilin teractio nan alysis 上部结构一基础一地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质-dynamic properties of soils1. d yn amic stre ngth of s

37、oils动强度2. wave velocity method波速法3. material damp ing材料阻尼4. geometric damp ing几何阻尼5. dampi ng ratio阻尼比6.i nitial liquefaction初始液化7. n atural period of soil site地基固有周期8. d yn amic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9. d yn amic ma二十.地基基础抗震1. earthquake engin eeri ng地震工程2. soil dyn amics土动力学3. duratio n of earthquake地震持续时间4. earthquake resp onse spectrum 地震反应谱5. earthquake inten sity地震烈度6. earthquake magn itude震级7. seismic predo minant period地震卓越周期8. maximum accelerati on of earthquake地震最大加速度咼压固结试验固结试验二一 .室内土工实验1. high pressure co