2000-2010英语专八真题改错

1、2010年专八真题改错原文So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be as well equipped as any other to say the things its speakers want to say. It may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples o

2、r cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. But this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precis

3、ion and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled primitive) is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not bring to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected primitiveness. The position is simply a

4、nd obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in different environments. The English language would be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt th

5、at the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed part of the Eskimos life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible t

6、oday: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence

7、, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?2010年专八真题改错参考答案1 be后插入 as; 2 their改为its; 3 There改为It; 4 Whereas改为But 5 further 改为much6 come改为bring; 7 similar改为different; 8 will改为would; 9 as important去掉as; 10 the part去掉the2009年专八真题改错原文The previous section has shown how quickly

8、 a rhyme passes from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)_between shcool lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learntin early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2)_has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grand

9、children. (3)_The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmittingIt may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground (4)_lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on whtin the very hour (5)_it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the (6)_same

10、 age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in agebetween playmates to be more than five years. If therefore, a playgroundrhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)_even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitting overand over; very possibly

11、it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)_hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9)_after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)_original wording.09年英语专八改错参考答案(1)illustrated，承接has shown and illustrated；(2) the little listener改为a

12、 little listener，因为是不确指；(3)their改为his以于上文匹配；(4)something 改为somewhere，前者少指时间之长短；(5)therefore显然应为however；(6) in the general去掉the；(7) currently 改为current；(8) it has passed along 改为 it has been passed；(9) live 改为 alive；(10) to let alone去掉to 改为 let alone。07年英语专业八级考试改错参考答案From what has been said, it must

13、be clear that no one can make very positive statements about how language originated. There is no material in any language today and in the earliest (1) andor records of ancient languages show us language in a new and (2) showshowing emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language (3)

14、 the originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the (4) andbut necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of a language with a large proportion of such cries (5) largelager than we find in English. It is true that the ab

15、senceof such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in (6) inon other grounds too the theory is not very attractive. People of all races and languages make rather similar noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that (7) returnresponse such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen and M

16、alaysians whose languages are utterly different, serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference（8）on between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions, instinctive tolarge extent, (9) a whereas language proper does not c

17、onsist of signsbut of these that have to be learnt and that are (10) thesethose2006英语专八真题改错部分与答案We use language primarily as a means of communication with other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as (1)to t

18、he way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular (2)message: the English speaker has iii his disposal at vocabulary and a (3)set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his (4)thoughts and feelings, ill a variety of styles, to the other English (5)speakers. His vocabular

19、y, in particular, both that which he uses active-y and that which he recognises, increases ill size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. (6)But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the systemremains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unle

20、sshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another (7)member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice two most (8)common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visu

21、al signs (writing). And these are (9)among most striking of human achievements. (10)1. agreeing-agreed2. in which可有可无3. in his disposal- at his disposal4.enables-enable5.the other English speakers-other English speakers6.old-older7.seen-understood8.take it for granted- take for granted9.or-and10. th

22、e most striking of human achievements2005英语专八真题改错部分及解析The University as Business A number of colleges and universities have announced steep tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current, very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because of a loss in value of univ

23、ersity endowments heavily investing in common 1 stock. I am skeptical. Abusiness firm chooses the price that maximizes its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income;and increasingly the 2 outlook of universities in the UnitedStates is indistinguishable from those of 3 business firms.The rise

24、 intuitions mayreflect the fact economic uncertainty 4 increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing income from a job (this isprimarily a factor in 5 graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one s job prospects, 6 the moresense it makes to reall

25、ocate time from the job market to education, in order tomake oneself more marketable. The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 7 include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 8 Sky-high tuitions have

26、 caused universities to regard their students as customers.Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 9 rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypas

27、s higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purely of need

28、-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best 10 customer. 答案解析： 1. investing应改为invested。这里说“投资于”普通股中的捐赠金价值损失惨重，既然是投资，就是指人 去投资，即endowments (that were)heavily invested in括号内的部分是被省略的部分，本句形式上是主动，实际意义上为被动，因此应该把investing改为invested，否则逻辑上和语法上都是说不通的。 2. 在irrespective和fluctuations之间加

29、上介词of。irrespectiveOf是一固定用法，意指“不论，不管，不顾，”等，如：irrespectiveOfthecost不惜工本，irrespective of the consequences不顾后果，irrespective of duty status不论职位高低。此处指公司不顾收入的波动变化。 3. 把those改为that。本句的后半部分主要强调的是大学里的“看法或观点”(outlook)与企业公司的看法或观点不一样，即着眼点在于对两种不同团体看法的对比。既然前面用的是单数形式，后面也应用单数形式，基本语法规则是前后应一致，本句为代词those的误用，所以应把those改为

30、that。 4在fact和economic之间力口上关系代词that。这是一个同位语从语，that在同位语从句中是不能省略的，否则就很可能出现意思所指不清的麻烦，所以此处必须加上关系代词that。 5把定冠词the去掉。定冠词与一名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或物或机构等，而此处的in the school，一则意思不清，二则可能指在某人正在某个具体学校做某事。这一层意思与本文上下文不相吻合。比较之下，inschool是一固定说法，表示“在上学或求学”、“在校读书”正符合本文上下文的意思。因此应把定冠词去掉。 6把形容词poor改为其比较级poorer。这句中的poor与后面的more形成一

31、对比较关系，表示“越越”，根据这一思路，我们应把形容词poor改为其比较级poorer，以表达一种对称关系。 7在ways和which之间加上一个介词in。在ways和which之间加上一个介词in，表示intheseways，即指通过前面提到的这些方法。相似的句子较多，如：Not all sounds made by animals serve as language，and we have only to turn to that extra ordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voi

32、ce plays a strictly utilitarian role(动物发出的声音并不是都能当作语言，因此我们只好求助于蝙蝠回声定位的这种非凡的发展，探究一下语音在何种情况下起着绝对有用的作用。) 8这里应该用动词的lng形式，即eliminating，以便使句型结构与前面的giving(students a governance role)保持一致，否则句子结构和意思都显得不正确。 9将shorten(缩短；使变短)改为reduce或weaken。此处属于用词不当。应将shorten(缩短；使变短)改为reduce(使精神垮下来；使身体瘦弱)或weaken(使削弱；使衰减)，可表示文中

33、所表示的“减弱竞争的残酷性”。 10将to give discounts on改为to give discounts to their best customer。意为实业公司给最好的客户提供优惠。而give discount on something则指就某一商品打折扣，显然与本文的上下文是相悖的。因为本文一直在讨论就如何避免为抢最好的生源而展开恶性竞争，为抢好学生捉供优厚奖学金，与公司为抢客源，给最好的客户提供优惠道理是一样的。所以应做上述改动。2004改错One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Cong

34、ressis the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - eitherstanding committees, special committees set for a specific (1)_purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)_Investigations are held to gather information on the need forfuture legislation,

35、 to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the (3)_groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investi

36、gative hearings (4)_and to make out detailed studies of issues. (5)_There are important corollaries to the investigative power. Oneis the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most (6)_committee hearings are open to public and are reported (7)_widely in the mass media. Congressional inv

37、estigationsnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers (8)_to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues.(9)_Congressional committees also have the power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contemptof Congress witnesses who re

38、fuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. (10)_1.答案： special committees or special committees【详细解答】多项并列用句型either.or.or。2.答案：consisted consisting【详细解答】consist of 意思是“由.构成”，故该处应用现在分词短语。3.答案：in on【详细解答】固定搭配on .occasions4.答案：rely rely on【详细解答】固定搭配rely on sb. to do something5.答案：make

39、 out make【详细解答】make out 意思是“辨认出”，而此处意思是“对.做详细的研究”，故用“make detailed studies of.” 即可。6.答案：its their【详细解答】此处指代的是“investigations”, 故用复数。7.答案： public the public【详细解答】the +adj. 可表示某一类人，此处意思是“面向公众”，故应用“the public”。8.答案：nevertheless therefore (thus)【详细解答】此处不是表示意思的转折，而是与前文构成因果关系，故可改为therefore 或thus。9.答案：citi

40、zenry citizens【详细解答】citizenry 为集体名词，意为“全体公民”，且为旧用法；citizens指公民，强调具体的群体。10.答案：these those【详细解答】those 指代witnesses , 即指代名词复数做定语从句的先行词，而these不行2003改错Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought down the age at marr

41、iage for both men and women and brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1)_ years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” These young (2)_ adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large families that Went for more than two decades an

42、d caused a major (3)_ but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940S through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate (4)_ and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts.(5)_ Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women on who (6)_ formed familie

43、s between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7)_ divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well (8)_ as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious (9)_ distinction of having the hi

44、ghest divorce rate in the world, the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in (10)_ Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned.1. 答案： heighthigh【详细解答】 height为不可数名词，意为“高度，身高，海拔，顶点”等，故此处应改为可数名词high。2 答案：a【详细解答】 此处steady dec

45、line指稳定下降的行为、过程而不是其结果，为不可数名词，故应去掉定冠词a。3 答案：wenton【详细解答】 go on为固定搭配，意为“持续”。4 答案：highhigher【详细解答】 根据上下文，此处应为比较级。5 答案：EuropeEuropean【详细解答】 根据上下文，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词counterparts。6 答案： more【详细解答】 由上下文可知，more与equally矛盾，故应去掉。7 答案：neverthelessalso【详细解答】 由上下文可知，此处讲的内容与前部分内容之间为递进关系，而非转折关系。8 答案： thatthose【详细解答】 由上下

46、文可知，此处所指代的应为前面复数形式的marriages，故指示代词也应该用复数形式。9 答案： SinceAlthough（或While）【详细解答】 从逻辑上讲，此处应表达让步关系，而非因果关系。10 答案：into【详细解答】 toextent为固定搭配，意为“到程度”2002改错Example Whenart museum wants a new exhibit,(1) an it neverbuys things in finished form and hangs(2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museumwan

47、ts an exhibition, it must often build it.(3) exhibit There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learntnaturally and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt1._deliberately

48、and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our2._speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a3._shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a4._voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is s

49、omething which we almost always know. We begin the5._natural learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously6._ imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every day than we ever have

50、to spend7._ learning even our difficult English spelling. This is natural,8._therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding a community and giving a sense of9._belonging. We learn quite early to recognize a

51、 stranger,someone who speaks with an accent of a different community-perhaps only a few miles far.10._答案与详解1.答案：andwhile【详细解答】前半句意为“发音是在无意识之中学成的”，后半句意为“拼写是有意识地学成的”，它们之间是转折而不是并列关系，故应该用连词while来连接。2.答案：withof【详细解答】be unconscious of是固定搭配，意为“无意识地，未意识到”。即“我们之中很多人一辈子都不知道自己的话听起来是什么样的”。3.答案：speakout【详细解答】spe

52、ak out意为“大胆地说出”，在这里句意不通。在speak out中加上it，指代前面的speech，意为“当我们说出话后，自己听起来像什么”。4.答案：firstlyfirst【详细解答】firstly表示顺序中的“第一”，first则表示时间上的“第一次，首次”。这里是说“当我们第一次听到自己的录音时，通常会震惊”。故应将firstly改为first才合乎句意。5.答案：whichthat【详细解答】在定语从句中，如果先行词是代词something，everything，nothing，little，few等时，关系词应用that而不是which，故此处应将which改为that。6.答

53、案：wentgo【详细解答】本文通篇用的都是一般现在时，所以此处也应用一般现在时，使上下文保持时态一致。7.答案：per或every【详细解答】per和every都是“每”的意思，在此属重复错误，故将两者去掉一个即可。8.答案：ThisIt【详细解答】根据句子结构，句中缺少一形式主语，而作形式主语的只能是代词it，this是“这”的意思，不能用做形式主语，所以应将this改为it。9.答案：communitytogether【详细解答】hold意为“抓住，占据，包含”。此处想表达的意思是“语言用作使社区具有凝聚力、给人归属感的一种方式”，用hold a community不能表达此意；hold

54、 sthtogether表示“使结合在一起不破，使团结一致”的意思，符合句意。10.答案：faraway【详细解答】 要表达距离上的远近，在英语中通常用副词away。far表示“远，从（到）很远距离”，不合句意。2001改错During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling a

55、s if 1._ they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2._ favorite topic of conversation. War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat p

56、rices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3._ not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that they sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4._ were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5._ On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6._ but the government had no wish to become involvi