专四语法第5节-形容词,副词,比较结构

1、第五节 形容词、副词及比较结构形容词概述描述事物的词，涉及事物的外貌，颜色，大小等属性。形容词有不同的种类，在句中可以有不同的功能，有的形容词有级的变化。主要 包括：形容词按意义可以分为：属性形容词；类别形容词；兼类形容词；颜色形容词；强 调形容词；按在句中担任的成分可以分为：定 i吾形容词；表语形容词；兼定语和表语的形容词；按构词方式可以分为：普通形容词；分词形容词；复合形容词。常见考点形容词在句中的位置概述：形容词作定语修饰名词时，一般放在被修饰的名词前。但下列情况，形容词通常位于被修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。1. 形容词作定语形容词修饰以-thing, -one, -body等结尾的复合

2、代词如something, anything, someone, somebody等时；由前缀a构成的形容词作定语时要求后置，这些形容词包括：afraid, alone, alike, ashamed, asleep, afloat, awake等；由两个或两个以上的词构成的形容词词组修饰名词时。2. 多个形容词修饰同一名词名词中心词带多个形容词作前置修饰语时，形容词大体按一下顺序排列限定词（冠词/物主代词/指示代词）+描述性形容词（charming/beautiful） +表示大小，长短，高低的形容词+表示形状的形容词+表示 年龄、新旧的形容词+颜色+表示国籍、地区、岀处的形容词+表示物质材

3、料的形容词+表示用途类别的形容词+名词中西次。many beautiful old Europea n cathedral citiesa large an tique brow n and white Germa n beer muga charming small round old brown French oak writing desk副词概述副词（Adverb ）是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词和句子等，以说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。1 副词的构成本身就是副词here,there,ofte n5always,very形容词尾直接加lycareful-carefully

4、,slow-slowly,real-really以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i，再加lyhappy-happily,easy-easily,busy-busily以辅音+le结尾的词去e加ysimply-simply,comfortable-comfortably2 副词的种类种类用法举例时间副词表示时间no w，today,yesterday,the n地点副词表示地点或位置矢系here,there3home,out,a ny where方式副词一般回答怎样的这类问题的well3fast3slowly,happily程度副词表不程度very,too,quite,a little,e n

5、o ugh频率副词表示做事情的频率always,ofte n,n ever,sometimes疑问副词用于引导一个特殊疑问句whe n,how,where,why常见考点判断副词在句中所修饰的成分/畐恫在句子中作状语、表语定语 介词宾语和宾语补足语等。如：That 1 s a very funny film那是一部很有意思的电影。（作状语，修饰形容词）He left shortly after the meeti ng. 会后他马上离开了。（作状语，修饰介词）判断一些特殊副词的辨析及使用，如already，yet，barely，hardly quite, enough等；副词enough作副词

6、修饰形容词、副词或动词时，一般位于它们的后面；当它作形容词修饰名词时，位于名词之前。E1: What he has written is good enough.他写的东西非常好。（修饰形容词）E2 : There is enough food in the fridge.冰箱里有足够的食物。（修饰名词）比较结构概述英语中形容词与副词有三个比较等级，即原级，比较级和最高级。一般来说，表示等于时用原级。E1: I m just as busy today as I was yesterday.表示二者的比较时用 比较级。E2： I m much busier today than I was y

7、esterday.表示最”寸用最高级E3. That was the busiest day of my life.1. 形容词的原级比较原级肯定比较基本形式“ as +原级+as”结构变体1） as + much/ma ny + 名词 + as2）as +形原级+ a +名词+as3）as +形+不可数名词+ as4）名词复数+as +形+ as5）the same + 表示度量的名次（height, depth）as/ be similar toE1: We need as many records as （it is） possible.原级比较的否定表示“ A不及B”的句型Exampl

8、e:They didn t enjoe play as/so much as we did.原级比较带修饰语带asas”的词组可以在其前加倍数词和下列词语修饰：“ twice, three time, half, a quarter, (not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, every bit, exactly. Example: It not nearly as cold as yesterday.比较级常见表达较高程度比较“ A比B”形容词（副词）比较级+tha n形容词比较级+ （名词）+thanthe+形容词比较级+of+名词2形容词比较等级

9、的构成构成原级比较级最咼级单音节词尾加er.estgreatgreatergreatest单音节词尾e,加r, stfinefinerfin est闭音节单音节词尾只有一个辅音字母，双与辅音子母加er, estbigbiggerbiggest少数以y,er,ow, ble结尾双音节词尾加happyhappierhappiester,est （y刖为辅音字母去y力卩ier, iest）clevercleverercleverest其它双音节词和多音节词，刖加more, mostdifficultmore difficultmost difficult副词比较等级的构成副词比较等级的构成大致与形容

10、词比较等级的构成相同，但以后缀ly结尾的副词用more和most规则变化hardhardesthardestearlyearlierearliestquicklymore quicklymost quickly不规则变化原级比较级最咼级原级比较级最咼级littlelessleastoldolder(elder)oldest(eldest)farfarther(further)farthest(furthest)good/wellbetterbestill/badworseworst比较级常见考点常见比较结构的辨析，女D not more.than., no more.than.; not le

11、ss than., no less. than.,not any more .than.等；more -than-是而不是，与其说是不如说是eg. She is more kee n tha n wise.not so much与其说是不如说是eg. It wasn t so much that I disliked her as that I just wasn t interested.2. the+比较级,the+比较级此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为“越就越”，前者相当于一个条件句，因此，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Eg： The better I knew him, the

12、 more I liked him.我越了解他就越喜欢他。比较级+a nd+比较级此句型表示“越来越”，单音节形容词或副词用“e叶and+er” ；Eg： Things are getting better and better every day.情况天天好起来。more of + a + 名词 +than+.”=A 比 B 更”She is more of a musicia n tha n her brother.=She is more a musicia n tha n her brother.她比她弟弟更像有音乐天赋。more than与not more than两者均可表示数量，

13、前者表示“仅仅”、“只不过”，强调少；而后者表示“不多于”、“至多”Eg : This test takes no more than thirty minutes.这个测验只需 30 分钟。6. no more - than 与 no less than前者意为“与一样不”，否定两者；而后者则表示“和一样”，肯定两者。Eg : Shenso more a great singer than I am.他不是优秀歌手，我也不是。7. no less than 与 not less than表示均可表示数量，前者意为“多达”、“有之多”，强调多；后者表示“不下于”、“至少”Eg : He pai

14、d no less than $10,000 for it.他为此付了 10000 多美元。最高级概述基本结构：(t h e+ )形容词/副词的最高级+比较级范围。最高级的含义也可通过more.than，as.as,否定词+比较级等结构表达。Eg : This is the best picture in the hall.2.最高级比较范围：用介词 in, over, of, among。in, (all) over 用于在某一范围内的比较，如：in China, all over the world.of, among用于在同一群体内同类事物的比较，如：among the teachers

15、, of the four dresses.最高级意义的其他表达1 )形容词/副词比较级+ than+ any other +单数名词形容词/副词比较级+ than+ any of the other +复数名词Eg. He checked the car engine more carefully than any of the other mechanics .2. )否定词+ (名词)+.+ as+形容词/副词原级+as3. )否定词+形容词比较级4. ) never+ so/such+ 原级 + 名词as+原级 +as ever5.) more+形容词+tha n + the +同一形

16、容词构成的名词三、历年考题和模拟题Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably a threat to the human race thanenvironmental destruction.(2007)A. no moreB. not moreC even more D much more2. - He is no taller than his twin brother. (1998)-John is hardworking than his sister, but he fail

17、ed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC not lessD. no so3. A new laptop costs about of a sec on d-hand one. (2009)A. the price of three timesB. three times the priceC. as much as the three times price D. three times more than the price4. America ns eat _ as they actually n eed every day.A. twice as muc

18、h proteinB. twice protein as much twiceC. twice protein as muchD. protein as twice muchsquare itself is five hundred yards wide, five timesthe size of St. Peter*s in RomeA. /B. that ofC. which isD. of6. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital informatio

19、n thanintraditional mediaA. exist B. exists C. existingD. to exist7. The individual TV viewer in variably sen ses that he or she is _ an anony mous, statistically insign ifica nt part of a huge and diverse audience.(2001 年考研题)A. everything except B. anything butC. no less thanD nothing more than8. F

20、at cannot change into muscle muscle changes into fat.1999)A. any more than B. no less than C. no more than D much more than9. The heart isintelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.A. not soB. not much C. much moreD. no more10. Language belongs to each member of the soci

21、ety, to the cleanerto the professor. (1998)A. as far as B. the same as C as much as D. as long as11. Issues of price, place, promoti on and product areconvention al c oncerns in planning marketi ng strategies. (2004)A. these of the most B most of thoseC. among the mostD. among the many of12. She gav

22、e me the impression of having more teeth thannecessary for any practical purpose.A. was B. isC. did13. I saw a film.A. new fantastic BritishC. new British fantasticD. wereB. fantastic new BritishD. British new fantastic14. - How was your recent visit to Qingdao It was great. We visited some friends

23、，and spent thedays at the seaside.A. few last sunnyB. Iast few sunnyC. last sunny few D. few sunny last15. One day they crossed the _ bridge behind the palaceA. old Chinese stoneB. Chinese old stoneC old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old16. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete We

24、ve seen the filmn A. before B. recently C. latelyD. yet17. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete H everybody came”A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost18. What does He wisely refused to spend his money11 meanA. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money.B He refused t

25、o spend his money in a wise manner.C. He was short of money and didnt want to buy anything.D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.19. Susan is very hard-working，but her pay is notfor her work.A eno ugh good B. good eno ugh C. as good eno ugh D good as eno ugh20. I felt that I was not ye

26、t to travel abroad.A. too strong B. strong eno ugh C. so strong D. eno ugh strong21. She man aged to saveshe could out of her wages to help her brother.A. how little money B. so little moneyC. such little money D what little moneypatient s progress was very encouraging as he could goeut t of bed wit

27、hout help.A. n early B hardly C. merely D. barely23. There are few electro nic applicati ons _to raise fears regard ing future employme nt opportu nities tha n robots.A. likely B. more likely C. most likely D. much likely24. Do you know Tim * brother He isthan Tim.A. much more sportsma nB. more of a

28、 sportsma nC. more of sportsma nD. more a sportsma nThat trumpet player was certainly loud. But I was n bothered by his loudnessby his lack of tale nt.A. as much as B rather tha nC asD. tha n26. It waswe had hopedA. more a success tha nB. a success more tha nC. as much of a success asD a success as

29、much as27. If tap water were as dan gerous as some people think,would be gett ing sickA. a lot of more us B more a lot of us C. a lot of us more D. a lot more of usThe little man wasmore tha n one meter fifty tall.A. n early B. quite C hardly D. almost29. It is not un usual for workers in that regi

30、on_ .A. to be paid more tha n a month lateB. to be paid later tha n more a monthC. to pay later tha n a month moreD to pay late more tha n a month30. It is reported thatadopted childre n went to know who their n atural pare nts are.A. the most B. most ofC. mostD. the most of31. Which of the followin

31、g sentences is INCORRECTA. He is a Chin ese tall in tellige nt you ng officer.B. There are a few new major urban highwaysC. She is weari ng a pretty pink woole n sweater.D. He stands on a beautiful little white stone bridge.How slim your sister / figure is! It1mine whe n I was at her age.A. not slim

32、mer as B no slimmer tha nC. not slim more tha n D. no more slimmer asShe is mo less optimistic than her elder sister. The sentence means thatA. She is not as optimistic as her elder sister.B. She is more optimistic tha n her elder sister.C. She is as optimistic as her elder sister.D. She is no more

33、optimistic than her elder sister.Which of the following words can NOT be used to completethe teachers came ”A. Ofte nB. NearlyC. Eve ntuallyD. Almost35. Which of the followi ng words can NOT be used to completef fe done this ”A. beforeB. yetC. rece ntlyD. aga inKate is dilige nt tha n her brother, b

34、ut she did n pass the examA. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD no soHe braked hard andavoided a parked van.A. on lyB. quiteC. n arrowlyD seldomYou arecareful tha n your sister. You two can fdo the work that n eeds care and skill.A. not moreB. no moreC. not lessD no lessIn doing experime nts, you must be

35、the precisi on in strume nts.A. more tha n careful withB. more careful tha n withC. careful more tha n withD. with more careful tha nIt is gen erally believed that teachi ng isit is a scie neeC. an art much asD. much as an art asA. as an art much as B as much an art asThey are such a big family that this new house is notfor them to live in.en ough largeB. too largeC Iarge en oughD so largeThey gainedfat as he expected, and it was all in their belly area.twice as muchB. much twiceC twich so muchD as much twiceI believe watch ing TV is liste ning to radio.so good or b