(完整word版)语法填空解题技巧-思维导图

1、语法填空解题技巧近年高考考点总结：语法填空分“无提示词”和“有提示词”两种题型。1. 无提示词题， 即没有提示词的纯空格题一般是 6 个或 7 个小题，近年来，只考查了代词、冠词、关联词（连词）和介词等四类词；2. 有提示词题， 即用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，一般是 4 个或 3 个小题，至今只考查了谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的比较级、词类转化等 四种情况。解题思维导图根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表：语法填空解题思路有提示词无提示词名词形容词副词动词冠词介词连词代词形容词、副词、动词1. 词性转换2. 名词所有格2. 名词的单复数1. 词性转换2.

2、比较级或最高级, 加前缀变成其反义词同形容词时态，注意常考时态作谓语语态，即被动语态语气，即虚拟语气1. 词性转换不作谓语 1. to do 表:将来/目的2. 非谓语 2. v-ing 表:主动/进行3. v-ed 表:被动/完成名词之前,尤其是泛指”一”,或特指某个人或事物;泛指用 a/an,特指用 the当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词； 注意 搭配 常为介词考查主要内容依据。空格前后都是句子（一个主谓就为一个句子）；前后都是并列单词或短语 1. 单词/短语+并列连词+单词/短语；2. 一个句子+并列连词/从属连词+一个句子3. 从属连词+一个句子，一个句子（主

3、句）；人称代词、不定代词、反身代词物主代词：形容词性物主代词后必须加名词 ; 名词性物主代词作主语，宾语，本身就是名词，后不需再加名词。指代上文事物形式主语it 的用法形式宾语强调句型1解题技巧 一下列情况很可能填不定冠词：(1) _+可数名词(单数)；(2) _+形容词+可数名词(单数)。下列情况下很可能填定冠词：(1) _ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指)；(2) _ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；(3) _ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。1. there once were a goat and a d onkey. so the farme

4、r killed _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.2. when i see a child subject to this kind of pressure, i think of donnie. he was _ shy, nervous perfectionist.1. the head of the village was tying up his h orse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometers away.解题技巧 二(1) 连接两个

5、功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词 and, or, but 等。(2) 若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子 结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填 and, but, while, when, or 等) 还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。 1. it was not long _ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and sud

6、denly was surprised at what she saw.2. but nothing changed until midterm, _ mary anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our classroom.3. jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.4. one day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.解题

7、技巧 三在无提示词 题型当中，空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填 代词 ，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定 代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)，it 等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代 词了。因为句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会 放在有提示词的空格中考查。1. he asked his teacher, “sir, the water is awful. why did you pretend to like _ ?”2. jane was walking round the department store

8、. she remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable christmas present for her father.3. i wanted to reward the old man for the trouble that i had caused _ .解题技巧 四在有提示词题型当中，词性转换解题常可利用以下语法小则作为判断依据：1. 介词、冠词、所有格后接名词；2. 形容词修饰名词；3. 副词修饰形容词、动词或整个句子。1. “thirty-five cents,” she said _ (rude).1. as far

9、as i am concerned, my _ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a chinese-english within easy reach.3. this proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature) course.4. _ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, i think it is still a good one w

10、hich brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.2解题技巧 五在有提示词题型当中，通常，有表示范围的in /of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一 定要用比较级。1. one of the _ (bad) gift choices i ever made was for my high school english teacher1. we were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate

11、in words. when it was time to leave, i said “thank you” in korean, using some of the few words i had learned. i felt _ (lonely) than i had expected that night.3. lucille clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. critics call her one of the _ (great) writers of our time. 解题技巧 六规律性非谓语动词试题的解题步骤（有提示词

12、）高考中大部分的非谓语动词试题都属于规律性的试题，解答这种类型的题目时，我们需按照“ 找逻辑主语、判 断关系、判断形式 ”三个步骤来解题，即“第一，找非谓语动词的逻辑主语；第二，判断逻辑主语与非谓语动 词之间的逻辑关系，主动？被动？还是表示目的或者将来？ 第三，判断非谓语动词的形式。”注意：在语法填空中，首先要判断所给提示词在句中到底是做谓语还是非谓语。判定用非谓语动词形式的根本 依据就是“句中已有谓语”，即，句子不缺谓语的情况下，所给提示词才能考虑用其非谓语动词形式。一、非谓语动词作状语的题型：1. _ (see) from the top of the tower, the south f

13、oot of the mountain is a sea of trees.2. it rained heavily in the south, _ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.2. _ (complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.解题思路：1. 从句中“is”可判定句中已有谓语了，表明句子不缺谓语，那也就表明所给提示词“see”在句中应该是不作 谓语的动词形式，即非谓语动词形式；此时就可以利用三步骤来分析决定用哪一种非谓语形式了：第一、“s

14、ee” 的逻辑主语就是句子的主语“the south foot of the mountain”；第二、“the south foot of the mountain”和“see”之 间是“被看的”被动关系；第三、动词的过去分词表示被动关系，因此第1题应填“seen”，作方式状语。 2. 从句中“rained”可判定句子已有谓语了，说明所给提示词“cause”在句中作非谓语，“cause”的逻辑主语就 是句子主语“it”，两者是主动的关系，即“大雨导致洪涝”；现在分词表示主动关系，因此第2题应填“causing”， 作结果状语。3. 按照以上分析方法可判定“complete”在句中作非谓语，“

15、complete”和其逻辑主语，即句子主语“the staff”， 是主动关系，但“complete”在此处是表达目的，动词不定式表示目的或将来，因此第3题应填“to complete”。二、非谓语动词作定语的题型：1. a great number of students _ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano.2. many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ (repair) first is the library.解题思路：1. 先以“抽主干”

16、的方式来划分句子成分，也可用此方法简化句子，以便更好地理解：“a great number of students” 的中心词为“students”，做主语，句子谓语是“said”，“ they were forced to practice the piano”在句中作宾语， 即宾语从句；所给提示词“question”作动词使用时，意为“问（某人）问题”，在句中作定语，修饰“students”， 应用其非谓语形式；此时就可用三步骤来决定用哪一种非谓语动词形式了：第一、“question ”的逻辑主语就是 它所修饰的名词“students”；第二、两者之间是被动的关系，翻译为“被问的学生”；第三、动词的过去分词表 示被动，由此综合可判定此处应填“questioned”。2. 由“but”一连词可知这是一个并列句，我们重点看后面的小分句：the one是句子的主语，is the library是系表 结构作谓语，所给提示词“repair”在句中作定语修饰“the one”，应用其非谓语形式。三步骤分析：repair的逻 辑主语就是它所修饰的代词the one，两者之间是被动的关系，再者，repair的