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广东技术师范学院天河学院 本科毕业设计外文翻译译文 学生姓名 张奇志 院（系） 广东技术师范学院天河学院 专业班级 机械设计制造及其自动化 指导教师 朱亚峰 完成日期 2013年10月23日 Machinery Design and ManufactureMachinery Design as a key component of mechanical engineering, has a long history and a complete system. With the development of mechanical design technology and the continuous improvement of technical level, the traditional design of mechanical design technology has been unable to meet the current dynamism and innovation requirements. The traditional mechanical design technology is reviewed and the connotation of modern mechanical design technology, the application and the inner link between them, this paper expounds the mechanical design and the trend of the development of technology. Pointed out that the development of mechanical industry at the same time, the key is the development and application of modern mechanical design technology, and optimization of mechanical design technology is imperative. Machinery Design is based on the requirement, in view of the mechanical motion way, structure principle and balance of force and energy transfer and material and size of each components and overall consideration lubrication method, etc., make a comprehensive analysis and calculation, eventually into a specific description of the corresponding work of the design process. Mechanical design as a key component of mechanical engineering, plays a very important role in mechanical properties. Machinery design work quality and the quality of the product performance such as associated directly, and with the research cycle and the relationship between technical and economic benefit is very important. Traditional mechanical design techniques are often based on the design of the experience, as a whole by using mathematics and mechanics formula and chart, etc. As real as the design basis, according to the empirical formula and design, in the form of approximation coefficients and the design method of choice, more is given priority to with static design, use more intuitive design and experience design, this way the function of the products have been unable to meet the current needs and market requirements. Current design technology is based on computer technology, based on the network, in the modern management theory, according to a new mechanical design theory and method, the real achieve optimization and implementation results, has become a kind of quantitative dynamic scientific design pattern, the entire design process automation and efficiency, the main characteristics of two aspects.Machinery Design manufacturing and automation development direction of our country from the early 1980 s began to mechanical design and manufacturing and its automation development direction of the research and application work, some research institutions and large and medium-sized enterprises for the development and application of this technology have done a lot of work, and achieved some results. But compared with advanced countries such as Japan, there are still quite a gap. Any science is composed of basic theory, technology and engineering system perfect system. Mechanical automation in terms of technology and engineering system has great development, but the basic theory is still developing, is still very incomplete. So the future development direction has the following several aspects.1.The mechanical and electrical integration Mechanical and electrical integration is the development of mechanical automation and extension, the traditional only to the integration of mechanical and electrical machinery products, is the only way out of the machinery industry development. 2.Intelligent Intelligent mechanical automation technology development in the 21st century is an important development direction. Here Intelligence is the description of machine behavior, is in the control theory, on the basis of absorption of artificial intelligence, operations research, computer science, fuzzy mathematics, psychology, physiology and new ideas, new methods, such as mixed Tun dynamics, simulation human intelligence, giving it a judgment reasoning, logical thinking, autonomous decision-making ability, to ensure our higher control goals. Admittedly, mechanical automation products have low intelligence, or one part of the intelligence, is entirely possible and necessary. 3.ModularityModularity is an important and arduous project. Due to mechanical automation products and manufacturers, research and development has a standard mechanical interface, electrical interfaces, power, environmental interface mechanical automation products unit is a very complicated but it is very important thing. As research integrating slows, intelligent, motor power unit, has a vision, image processing, identification and ranging, and other functions of the control unit can be done as well as a variety of typical operating mechanism. In this way, can use a standard cell rapidly develop new products, at the same time also can expand the scale of production. Obviously, from electrical products to be sure the benefits of standardization, seriation, standard mechanical automation units for production enterprise, or the production of mechanical automation, modularization will bring bright future to mechanical automation companies.4.Network In the 1990 s, the outstanding achievement of computer technology is network technology. The rise of the network technology and the rapid development for science and technology, industrial production, the political, military, education, and the Peoples Daily life are of great change. All kinds of network to the global economy, production into an organic whole, the competition between enterprises are tending to globalization. Mechanical automation once developed new products, as long as its function and original, quality is reliable, soon will sell all over the world. Due to the popularity of the network, based on the network in all kinds of remote control and monitoring technology, and remote control of the terminal equipment is mechanical automation products. Fieldbus and LAN technology to make home appliances networking has become a trend. Using the home network connect all kinds of household electrical appliances into computer integrated appliances for the center with the computer system, make people fully enjoy all kinds of high technology in the home bring convenience and happy. Therefore, mechanical automation products will no doubt in the direction of network development. 5.Miniaturization Miniaturization emerged in the late 1980 s, refers to the mechanical automation to the trend of the development of the micro field. Called microelectronics mechanical systems abroad, or micro mechanical automation system, referring to the geometric size of no more than 1 cm3 mechanical automation products, and to the micro and nanoscale development. Micro mechanical automation products small size, less energy consumption, flexible movement, in the biological medical, military, information has incomparable advantages. The bottleneck of micro mechanical automation development lies in the micro mechanical technology, micro mechanical automation product processing in fine processing technology, the ultra precision technology, it includes two categories, lithography and etching technology. 6.Greening Industrial developed to has brought great changes in peoples life. On the one hand, material is rich, comfortable; On the other hand, resource decrease, the ecological environment suffered serious pollution. So, people call for protection of the environment resources, return to nature. Green product concept arises at the historic moment under this voice, color change is the trend of The Times. Green products in the design, manufacture, use and destruction of life in the process, in particular the requirement of environment protection and human health, the ecological environment harmless or the harm is few, the highest utilization rate of resources. Design of green machinery automation products, has broad development prospects. Mechanical automation products of greening is mainly directed is polluting the environment, scrap can be recycled after. 7.Personalization Mechanical automation in the future pay more attention to products and the relationship between the people, the personification of the mechanical automation has two meanings: one is mechanical automation products eventually use object is a person, how to give mechanical automation of intelligence, emotion, human nature is more and more important, especially for domestic robots, the top boundary is the man-machine integration; Another layer is to imitate the biological mechanism, the development of all kinds of mechanical automation products, and, in fact many mechanical automation products are inspired by animals developed. In todays society science and technology changes with each passing day, various new technologies appear constantly, and mechanical design along with the science and technology content of products, mechanical design of the technical level of the competition is already hots up, in the fierce market competition, to be in the invincible position, must continue to improve technology, reduce costs, improve work efficiency, also is the developing trend of mechanical design methods and direction. With the development of science and technology, the popularity of computer network technology, mechanical design methods have substantial change, new results not abundant thoughts of mechanical design, theory and methods, to promote the development of mechanical design and change. The general mechanical designer, should constantly update the design thinking and method, the better use of modern science and technology, constantly improve the design level, promote the competitiveness of the market. 外文中文翻译：机械设计与制造机械设计作为机械工程的一个关键组成部分，具有较悠久的历史和完整的系统。随着机械设计技术的发展和技术水平的不断提高，过去传统的机械设计技术已经无法满足当前设计动态化和创新化得要求。综述了传统机械设计技术与现代机械设计技术的内涵、应用及它们之间内在联系，阐述了机械设计技术未来的发展趋势。同时指出当前机械工业的发展，关键是开发、应用现代机械设计技术，而优化机械设计技术已势在必行。机械设计是依据使用要求，针对机械工作结构原理及运动方式，兼顾力和能量的传递和各器件的材质及尺寸，同时统筹考虑润滑方法等情况，进行综合分析和计算，最终转化成为具体的描述的相应工作设计过程。机械设计作为机械工程的一个关键组成部分, 在机械性能方面起着十分重要的作用。机械设计工作的质量和机械产品的质量性能等直接相关联，并与研究周期以及技术经济效益有着十分重要的关系。传统的机械设计技术往往以经验总结作为设计基础，统筹运用数学及力学既有公式和图表等作为实际为设计依据，根据经验公式以及近似系数等方式进行设计，在设计方法选择上，多以静态设计为主，多采用直觉设计和经验设计，这种方式已经无法满足当前产品的功能需要以及市场要求。当前设计技术是以计算机技术为依托，以网络为基础，在现代管理理论支撑下，根据全新的机械设计理论、和方法，真正达到和实现计算结果最优化，已经成为一种定量动态化得科学设计模式，整个设计过程具有自动化和高效化两方面的主要特点。机械设计制造及其自动化的发展方向我国从20 世纪80 年代初才开始机械设计制造及其自动化发展方向这方面的研究和应用工作，研究机构及一些大中型企业对这一技术的发展及应用做了大量的工作，并取得了一定的成果。但与日本等先进国家相比，仍有相当差距。任何一门科学都是由基础理论、技术和工程系统组成的完善体系。机械自动化在技术和工程系统方面已有很大的发展，但基础理论方面尚在发展中，还很不完备。所以今后的发展方向有如下几个方面。4.1 机电一体化机电一体化就是机械自动化的发展和延伸，传统的机械产品只有向机电一体化方向发展，才是机械工业发展的唯一出路。4.2 智能化智能化是21 世纪机械自动化技术发展的一个重要发展方向。这里所说的“智能化” 是对机器行为的描述，是在控制理论的基础上，吸收人工智能、运筹学、计算机科学、模糊数学、心理学、生理学和混饨动力学等新思想、新方法， 模拟人类智能，使它具有判断推理、逻辑思维、自主决策等能力，以求得更高的控制目标。诚然，使机械自动化产品具有低级智能或人的部分智能，则是完全可能而又必要的。4.3 模块化模块化是一项重要而又艰巨的工程。由于机械自动化产品种类和生产厂家繁多，研制和开发具有标准机械接口、电气接口、动力接口、环境接口的机械自动化产品单元是一项十分复杂但又是非常重要的事。如研制集减速、智能减速、电动机于一体的动力单元，具有视觉、图像处理、识别和测距等功能的控制单元以及各种能完成典型操作的机械装置。这样，可利用标准单元迅速开发出新的产品，同时也可扩大生产规模。显然，从电气产品的标准化、系列化带来的好处可以肯定，无论是对生产标准机械自动化单元的企业，还是对生产机械自动化产品的企业，模块化将给机械自动化企业带来美好的前程。4.4 网络化20 世纪90 年代，计算机技术的突出成就是网络技术。网络技术的兴起和飞速发展给科学技术、工业生产、政治、军事、教育以及人们日常生活带来了巨大的变革。各种网络将全球经济、生产连成一体，企业间的竞争也趋于全球化。机械自动化的新产品一旦研制出来，只要其功能独到，质量可靠，很快会畅销全球。由于网络化的普及，基于网络的各种远程控制和监测技术方兴未艾，而远程控制的终端设备本身就是机械自动化产品。现场总线和局域网技术使家用电器网络化已成大势。利用家庭网络将各种家用电器连接成以计算机为中心的计算机集成家电系统，使人们在家里充分享受各种高技术带来的便利和快乐。因此，机械自动化产品无疑将朝着网络化方向发展。4.5 微型化微型化兴起于20 世纪80 年代末，指的是机械自动化向微观领域发展的趋势。国外将其称为微电子机械系统，或微机械自动化系统，泛指几何尺寸不超过1 cm3 的机械自动化产品，并向微米、纳米级发展。微机械自动化产品体积小、耗能少、运动灵活， 在生物医疗、军事、信息等方面具有不可比拟的优势。微机械自动化发展的瓶颈在于微机械技术，微机械自动化产品的加工采用精细加工技术，即超精密技术，它包括光刻技术和蚀刻技术两类。4.6 绿色化工业的发达给人们生活带来了巨大的变化。一方面，物质丰富，生活舒适；另一方面，资源减少，生态环境受到严重污染。于是，人们呼吁保护环境资源，归自然。绿色产品概念在这种呼声下应运而生，色化是时代的趋势。绿色产品在其设计、制造、使用和销毁的生命过程中， 符合特定的环境保护和人类健康的要求，对生态环境无害或危害极少，资源利用率最高。设计绿色的机械自动化产品，具有远大的发展前途。机械自动化产品的绿色化主要是指使用时不污染环境，报废后能回收利用。4.7 人格化未来的机械自动化更加注重产品与人的关系，机械自动化的人格化有两层含义：一层是机械自动化产品的最终使用对象是人，如何赋予机械自动化的智能、情感、人性显得越来越重要，别是对家用机器人，其高层境界就是人机一体化；另一层是模仿生物机理、研制各种机械自动化产品，实事上，许多机械自动化产品都是受动物的启发研制出来的。当今社会科技日新月异，各种新技术不断出现，机械设计产品的随科技含量不断增强，机械设计技术水平的竞争已经趋于白热化，在激烈的市场竞争中，要处于不败之地,必须不断改进技术、降低成本、提高工作效率，些也是当前机械设计方法的发展趋势和方向。随着科技的发展，计算机网络技术的普及，机械设计方法已经有了实质性改变，新成果不丰富着机械设计的思想、论以及方法，促进了机械设计发展和变革。广大机械设计师，应不断更新设计思维和方法，更好地运用现代科技，不断提高设计水平，提升市场竞争力。广东技术师范学院天河学院本科毕业设计开题报告题 目： 折叠式自行车结构设计 系 别： 机电工程系 专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 姓 名： 张奇志 学 号： 201030743207 指导教师： 朱亚峰 2013年 11月20日- 4 -本科毕业设计开题报告系别机电工程系专业机械设计制造及其自动化班级本机制102班姓名张奇志学号2010030743207 联系方式15989115895题目折叠式自行车结构设计一、选题背景 当前世界环境污染严重，各国纷纷倡议环保，低碳出行，自行车交通则成为了绿色交通工具的最佳产品，世界各国重新开始重视自行车的使用。折叠式自行车是随着科技的进步不断地发展，逐渐走向造型多样化、功能多元化。由于采用了新的材料和新的结构，折叠自行车变得更轻便,折叠体积更小，外型更美观，结构更结实耐用。结构是产品设计的物质技术基础，技术制约设计，技术也推动者设计，相辅相成。从设计美学的角度看，技术不仅仅是物质基础，还具有其本身的“功能”作用，只有善于利用材料的特性，给予相应的结构形式和恰当的加工工艺，就能创造出实用、美观、经济的产品，在产品中体现技术的潜在功能。而折叠自行车的发展以人性化，功能综合化，自重轻量化发展款式多样化发展，并形成高、中、低档次格局。又因折叠式自行车携带方便，性价比高，近年来深受广大消费者的青睐，成为了外出旅行，短途代步的不二之选。二、课题设计2.1课题的内容 折叠式自行车是一种集运动、休闲、娱乐于一身的机械产品，车体由车架、链轮、车轮组成，但由于更传动方式、用途不同，其结构也存在很大的差异。本设计针对目前市场上拥有多种室内外健身器材，如跑步机、划船器、直立式固定脚踏车等，然而这些健身器材绝大部分均为固定式，且多数仅在室内使用，而且价格较高，健身效率不高的情况下所开展的机械结构设计，设计中包括其传动机构、健身实用性、工艺性等综合方面的设计。 2.2课题的目的（1） 改进当前市场上固定式的健身锻炼器材。（2） 进行多功能健身车结构设计的优化。（3） 针对产品携带的方便性及性能进行设计。2.3课题的意义 改善当前健身器材的固定缺陷，对折叠式自行车的进一步深入发掘其功能，以满足现实生产的基本要求，以便规模化生产，在行业中得到应用和推广。另外，对产品材料进行重新选取，改进健身车原本的不足，对结构和造型进行改进和完善，协调健身车各部分比例，使结构更加紧凑，产品更加实用，节约成本，让整体造型更加美观。2.4 文献综述随着时间的发展，折叠式自行车应满足：（1）质量轻；（2）折后体积小、形状规则、方便携带、不怕挤压；（3）展开时轮距要足够大，应有良好的纵向稳定性，车架尺寸合理，骑行舒适，调整范围大，适于不同人使用；（4）传动变速比应保证正常骑行速度；（5）收起、展开方便快捷，无须太用力，操作程序简单；（6）材料精良、做工精致、质量稳定，折叠铰链加工精度高，长时间使用安全可靠；（7）色彩丰富。能满足消费者需求越多的设计，就是巧妙和成功的设计。随着功能设计的完善、加工质量的提高、轻质材料的使用，折叠自行车一定会稳步地迎来快速发展时期。三、课题研究现状3.1国外研究现状在国外，如欧洲、北美等发达国家，经济发展水平高，民众消费能力远高于我国本土，居民追求的不仅仅是物资生活，更多地追求时尚、休闲、娱乐之中。对于健身器材的要求很高，器材生产商往往只局限于室内健身产品的开发，而对折叠式健身自行车研究甚少。 3.2国内研究现状 我国一直是自行车生产大国，近几年来，国内折叠式自行车得到了很好地发展，随着金融危机的逐渐消散，国民经济开始复苏，人们对第三产业的消费增加，更多人开始重视身体健康，加强体育
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