2016年大英赛阅读大赛样题

1、2016阅读大赛样题 Part I Read and Know In Part I, you will read short texts of various kin ds. Read the in structi ons carefully and an swer the questi ons. (Time allowed: 22 minu tes) Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes) Direct ions: Read the followi ng quotes. Match the quotes on the left

2、 with the people on the right. Please note there are two extra opti ons you do not n eed to use. A. Joh n Locke B. Archimedes C. Aristotle D. Imma nuel Kant E. Steve Jobs 1. Give me a lever long eno ugh and a fulcrum on which to place it, and I shall move the world. 2.Morality is not the doctri ne o

3、f how we may make ourselves happy, but how we may make ourselves worthy of happ in ess. 3.You cant connect the dots look ing forward; you can only connect them look ing backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. Questions 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minute

4、s) Direct ions: Read the text, and an swer the questi on accord ing to the text. To ensure the high standards of facilities we need to build new wards, laboratories and consulting rooms. In short, we n eed your help now. Complete the coup on today and rest assured that your don ati on is going to th

5、e best possible cause. 4. Where is the piece of text taken from? A. an advertiseme ntB. an in struct ion booklet C. a storyD. a n ewspaper Questions 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes) Direct ions: Read the text, and an swer the questi on accord ing to the text. Few corn ers of the world rema i

6、n un tai nted by in trepid tourists, and their impact is ofte n devastati ng. Too frequently they trample heedlessly on fragile environments, displacing wildlife and local populations in their in satiable quest for un explored locati ons. 5. What is the best title for this text? A. The future of tou

7、rism B. The role of tourism C. The price of tourism D. The ben efits of tourism Questions 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes) Direct ions: Read the text, and an swer the questi on accord ing to the text. Buying and selling anything is your forte now. If you visit a jumble or car-boot sale or th

8、e like, a romantic encounter is more than probable! News linked to the family is brilliant! 6. What type of text is this? A. A pers onal advertiseme nt. B. A pers onal horoscope. C. A friend s letter of advice. D. A written warning. Questions 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes) Direct ions: Rea

9、d the text, and an swer the questi on accord ing to the text. With our travel agency, the holiday you book is the holiday you get. If you arrive and find we ve failed to live up to our promises, let us know what the problem is within one day of your arrival. We ll spenc doing everythi ng possible to

10、 sort the problem out. I n the un likely eve nt that we candbleresorlde your pr make you happy within 24 hours, we ll fly you home and give your money back. 7. The text could best be described as. A. a commitme nt B. an appeal C. a war ning D. a vow Questions 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)

11、 Direct ions: Read the text, and an swer the questi on accord ing to the text. The new digital cameras are great fun and very easy to use. They let you review your pictures the moment you take them, so you can re- shoot right away if you re not satisfied. But remembedjgital camera is just a computer

12、 XXXX. It s not a replacement for your ordinary camera. 8. What is the meaning of the missing word (XXXX) in the text? A. “ somethi ng that is poor quality” B. “ an item that is not esse ntial, somethi ng extra” C. “ somethi ngexpe nsive but good value for money ” D. “ a fashi on which always rema i

13、ns popular” Questi ons 9 (Suggested completi on time: 2 minu tes) Direct ions: Read the text, and an swer the questi on accord ing to the text. She had gone alone, but the children were to go to the station to meet her. And loving the station as they did, it was only n atural that they should be the

14、re a good hour before there was any cha nee of Mother arriv ing, eve n if the train were pun ctual, which was most un likely. 9. What can you say ab out their mother s train? A. It would probably be early. B. It would probably be on time. C. It would probably be late. D. It had bee n can celled. Que

15、stion 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes) Direct ions: The bar chart shows the nu mber and proporti on of underno urished people in the develop ing regio ns, from 1990? 1992 to 2014? 2016. An swer the question accordi ng to the in formatio n in the chart. . Right wivi 20*15 tqgart i ii Source:

16、 The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report2015 10. Choose the INCORRECT description about the chart. A. Curre nt estimates suggest that n early one in nine in dividuals do not have eno ugh to eat betwee n 2014 and 2016. B. Projecti ons in dicate that the 2015 MDG target is n early reached, with

17、12.9 per cent of underno urished populati on. C. The situation noticeably improved during the years 1995-1999, but went down in the first five years of the new mille nn ium. D. The proporti on of un der no urished people in the develop ing regi ons has falle n by almost half since 1990. Part II Read

18、 and Reas on In Part II, you will read short texts on differe nt subjects. Read the in structi ons carefully and an swer the questi ons based on logical in fere nee and reas oning. (Time allowed: 38 minu tes) Question 11-12 (Suggested completion time: 10 minutes) Direct ions: Read the defi niti ons

19、of two types of logical fallacy. An swer the questi ons accord ing to the defi niti ons. Poiso ning the Well Pois oning the well is a rhetorical tech nique and logical fallacy where adverse information about a target is preemptively presented to an audienee, with the intention of discrediting or rid

20、iculing everything that the target person is about to say. It uses the association of negative emotions to distract a subject from actual evide nee in an argume nt. 11. Which of the following provides a typical example of poisoning the well? A. That s my stanee on funding the education system, and a

21、nyone who disagrees with me hates children. B. You are so weird. That means we are pretty much sure that your whole family is weird, too. C. God exists because the Bible says so. The Bible is in spired. Therefore, we know that God exists. D. I don t care what you say. We don t need any more bookshel

22、ves. As long as the carpet is clean, we are fine. False Dilemma A false dilemma arises whe n we allow ourselves to be convin ced that we have to choose betwee n two and only two mutually exclusive opti ons, whe n that is un true. Gen erally, whe n this rhetorical strategy is used, one of the opti on

23、s is unacceptable and repulsive, while the other is the one the manipulator wants us to choose. Whoever succumbs to this trap has thus made a choice that is forced, and as such, of little value. 12. Which of the follow ing provides a typical example of a false dilemma? A. Smok ing is harmful to heal

24、th, so you are supposed to quit smok ing. B. If the government doesn t reduce public spending, our economy will collapse. C. You may as well avoid overeating, or else you might be obese in no time. D. You are the worst of the classmates; therefore, what you say is in credible. Questions 13 (Suggeste

25、d completion time: 4 minutes) Direct ions: Read the passage about syllogism. Decide whether the reas onings are Valid or I nvalid based on the prin ciples of syllogism. Syllogism is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more proposition

26、s that are asserted or assumed to be true. It is perhaps today s most commoi accepted form of logical reas oning in aptitude tests. The most com monly used type of syllogisms is elucidated in a freque ntly used example: Premise 1: All men are mortal. Premise 2: Socrates is a man. 5 / 13 Con clusi on

27、: Socrates is mortal. Now practice syllogisms for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoning and doesn t necessarily represent the“ truth . ” always 13. Valid (); I nvalid () Premise 1: All huma n acti on is con diti oned by circumsta nces. Premise 2: All huma n acti on

28、in volves morality. Con clusi on: All that in volves morality is con diti oned by circumsta nces. Questions 14 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes) Direct ions: Read the passage about con trapositi on. Decide whether the reas onings are Valid or I nvalid based on the pri nciples of con trapositi o

29、n. In logic, con trapositi on is a law that says that a con diti onal stateme nt is logically equivale nt to its con trapositive. The con trapositive of the stateme nt has its an tecede nt and con seque nt in verted and flipped. The most com monly used type of con trapositi on is elucidated in the f

30、ollow ing example: Premise 1: If it is raining, the n there are clouds in the sky. Premise 2: There are no clouds in the sky. Con clusi on: It is not raining. Now practice contraposition for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoning and doesn t necessarily represent the

31、“ truth ” always. 14. Valid (); I nvalid () Premise 1: If he is not an America n, he is not from Texas. Premise 2: He is from Texas. Con clusi on: He is an America n. Questions 15-17 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes) Direct ions: Read the text about a scie nee discovery. An swer the questi ons

32、accord ing to the text. Mani pulat ing Memory Memory is no toriously malleable. Our recollect ions fade and take on new meanin gs; sometimes we remember thi ngs that n ever eve n happe ned. But 15 Recently, however, scientists have started to grasp and tinker with memory s physical basis. Last year,

33、 in work evocative of films such as Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and Inception, researchers discovered ways to manipulate specific memories in mice using optogenetics, a powerful technique that can trigger nerve 5 / 13 cells in ani mals brai ns by zapp ing them with beams of laser light. I

34、n a series of experime nts, they showed that they could delete existing memories and“ incept ” false ones. This year, researchers went even further: switching the emotional content of a memory in mice from bad to good and vice versa. Under the laser, for example, male mice that had once associated a

35、 certain room with being shocked were tricked into acti ng as though they had once met frie ndly female mice there in stead. Whether the mice in these experime nts actually experie need vivid false memories or just a fuzzy sense of pleasure or fear is unclear. Nor is it clear whether the findings ap

36、ply to the tricks of memory so familiar to people. Lon g-sought therapeutic adva nces, such as treatme nts for post-traumatic stress disorder, could remai n far off. One thi ng is certa in, however: Once con sidered bey ond scie ntific dissect ion, memory is fin ally starting to yield its secrets. 1

37、5. Which of the follow ing best fits the nu mbered space in the passage? A. what is really happe ning in our brain as memories are remodeled remai ns mysterious B. scie ntists are curious about why people are oblivious to what have happe ned to them C. adva need tech no logy has helped scie ntists d

38、iscover the work ings of our bra in D. some scie ntists argue that what we observe about huma n memory is not what it really is 16. The word incept ” is closest in meaning to. E. operate F. start G. detect H. occupy 17. Which of the followi ng can be in ferred from the passage? I. People s false mem

39、ories result from the impact of different emotion provoked by later experienee on the same spot. J. The success in research indicates that it won h ifealoherapy is worked out for people disturbed by painful memory. K. By zapping the brain cells of mice with light, researchers are able to create, era

40、se, or alter their memories, good or bad. L. Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are based on them actually draw greatly upon scientific achieveme nt. Questions 18-19 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes) Direct ions: Read the follow ing passage about cholera. Decide whether the sta

41、teme nts are True or False accord ing to the passage. A child receives the oral cholera vacci ne Shan chol Cholera is caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. Approximately one in 20 people infected with cholera has a serious case, with symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting, and leg

42、cramps. These symptoms quickly cause dehydration and shock, and can result in death within hours if the infected person doesn t receive treatment. Cholera is typically transmitted by contaminated food or water. In areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water, the feces of people with chole

43、ra can enter the water supply and spread quickly, resulting in an epidemic. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in some coastal waters, so shellfish eate n raw can be a source of cholera in affected areas. 18. Cholera is known to be a life-threate ning disease which easily causes

44、death of most of the patie nts. True () False () 19. Cholera typically occurs in areas n ear the sea or the river where con tam in ated food is a major source of the disease. True () False () Questions 20-21 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes) Direct ions: Read the abstract of a research paper fr

45、om the DeepM ind website. Decide whether the stateme nts are True or False accord ing to the abstract. II Teachi ng Machi nes to Read and Comprehe nd Authors: K. M. Hermann, T. Ko?isky, E. Grefenstette, L. Espeholt, W. Kay, M. Suleyman, P. Blunsom Published: NIPS 2015 Abstract:Teachi ng machi nes to

46、 read n atural la nguage docume nts remai ns an elusive challe nge. Machi ne readi ng systems can be tested on their ability to an swer questi ons posed on the contents of docume nts that they have see n, but un til now large scale training and test datasets have bee n miss ing for this type of eval

47、uati on. In this work we defi ne a new methodology that resolves this bottle neck and provides large scale supervised readi ng comprehe nsion data. This allows us to develop a class of atte nti on based deep n eural networks that learn to read real documents and answer complex questions with minimal

48、 prior knowledge of Ian guage structure. 20. Previous studies didn t take constant tfoevaluate the reading ability of artificial intelligenee machines, which was why the prese nt research was con ducted. True () False () 21. One implicati on of the research is that a methodology that helps gather an

49、d han die big data is indispensible to artificial intelligence related studies. True () False () Questi ons 22-23 (Suggested completi on time: 5 minu tes) Direct ions: Read the passage about the“ Think small ” advertis ing campaig n. An swer the questi ons accordi ng to the passage. Thi nk Small If

50、you re interested in marketing and advertising, Volkswagen s “Think small ” campaign for the Beetle was first introduced to North America in 1959 looms large as one of the greatest advertising campaigns of all time. It wasn t just a revolution in automotive advertising; it changed the entire industr

51、y. Un til the Beetle hit the market, automotive market ing copy was full of bluster, and the images were flights of fan cy, emphasiz ing low, lo ng lines and a fan tasy lifestyle. The clean, simple photography on a white background that emphasized the Beetle s compact, practical forr may seem com mo

52、n place these days, but it was a revoluti on in a world where America ns grew up obsessed with muscle cars, horsepower, and tire smoke. Making the car small, when the convention was to make it fill the page, was also novel. The simplistic approach to design and layout was totally contrary to the adv

53、ertising conventions of the time. 22 The text was mini malist in both look and content, prese nti ng the facts simply in stead of trying to weave tall tales and fan tasies; and in stead of bluster, it ushered in an in tellige nt sense of humor that made readers feel like they were in on the joke. Th

54、e message was one of smart anti-luxury, and took gentle aim at an in dustry obsessed with superficiality and styli ng, rather tha n the substa nce undern eath the car bodies. Not only does “ Think small ” continue to in spire Volkswage n advertis ing to this day, it ushered in a creative revolution

55、in the advertising business and changed the world of marketing forever.“ Think small ” showed power of humor and honesty, and its photographic and design principles brought about a major shift in the look and feel of marketi ng aro und the world. 22. Which of the sentences below best fits the nu mbe

56、red space in the passage? A. What defined the ad even more than its visual style was the tone of its copy. B. This ad starts off doing the exact opposite of what you would expect in a car ad. C. This was an exercise in mini malism and a very accurate reflect ion on the product itself. D. The car was

57、n t depicted as an integral piece of the daily lives of a middle class family. 23. It can be inferred that the advertising conventions of the 1950s were reflected in the following except that A. the ads in the 1950s typically showed proud owners and passe ngers evok ing great joy about new shi ny bi

58、g acquisiti ons. B. the market ing con cept the n focused on providi ng as much in formati on as possible to the reader such as the way it s created. C. the marketi ng schemes associated the advertised product with an idea or a way of liv ing from average consumers perspective. D. the marketi ng pra

59、ctice may attach importa nee to a sense of humor brought by the use of exaggerated Ian guage. Part III Read and Question In Part III, you will read passages on the same subject.You will be required to identify the writer s position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer s argum(enrtse allowed:

60、 30 minutes) Questi ons 24-35 (Suggested completi on time: 30 minu tes) Direct ions: Read three passages about fashi on. An swer the questi ons accord ing to the passages. Passage A It s not that easy to answer the question,“what is fashion?” because it mearngditfecenie rent people. Fashi on is an a